Chesme kolamu - hōʻailona o ke koa o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa

No ka elua a me ka hapa kenekulia, Rusia ua ma ke kaua ana me ka Ottoman aupuni a pau - ka hoʻomaka o ke komo ana i ka Black Sea, a laila, i mea e hooikaika ai i kona kulana i loko o ka Caucasus. Ma keia manao, o ka Empress Ana II Hoomau iho la lakou holomua kuwaho, hoomaka ia e Petero ka Nui.

Iloko o kona noho alii i ka Lūkini aupuni a pau,ʻaʻole wale kiʻi noa komo i ka Azov, a me ka Black Sea, akā, i hoohuiia i ka Crimean Peninsula, e lilo ana i ka maoli malina mana. Ma ka hanohano o Lūkini lanakila loea nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone a me sculptors hana Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou kia hoʻomanaʻo i. Kekahi o ia mau mea - Chesme kia ao ma St. Petersburg.

prehistory

Ma ka waena o ka XVIII kenekulia, Tureke Ua hoomau e loa Kīwala'ō i ka Black Sea. I loko nō o ka hana e Peter I hoao e hooikaika kona kapa, i ole i Rusia i ia manawa i ka Black Sea a Azov flotilla. Nolaila, Ana II ke aupuni o kuwaho ua noʻonoʻo i ka hema kuhikuhi makakoho.

Eia naʻe, Rusia mea i ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua. Kauai, a Ally Crimean Tatars ma ka hope o ka makahiki 1768 ma ka'ākau Black Sea māhele 'āina. E pepehi Tureke LIKE mai ka hope, e like me kākoʻo, e hoomakaukau i uprising o ka poe Kristiano i loko o ka Balkans, ka mea i hoʻoholo e hoouna mau moku o ka Baltic'auwaʻa i loko o ke Kaiwaenahonua kai.

Summer - Akuma ka 1769 mai Kronstadt he mau Lūkini squadron alakaiia e Adimarala Grigoriem Spiridovym a me John Lalakua. Huina huakaʻi alakaʻi i waiho ai i ke Kauna Alekseya Orlova.

E holo puni ana Europe no ka mea Lūkini luina ua he pilikia ka hakaka ana. pu o ka moku mua i loko o ke Kaiwaenahonua Sea i loko o Novemaba, a ma ke kupulau o kela makahiki, nā ka Baltic squadron, a hoomaka ae la e hoomakaukau no ke kaua, i kohu Chesme kia ao ma Tsarskoye Selo.

Ke lanakila ma luna o ka Sublime Porte

Ka mua nui kaua i wahi i loko o ka Kio pilikia June 24, 1770 ka Turkish'auwaʻa helu palua ia i ka nui o ka Lūkini squadron i loaʻa he 'ano kaʻakālai kūlana. I loko nō o kēia, ma hope o ke kaua kaumaha o Kauai aku la lakou ma Chesma Bay, a i manaoia aneane impregnable.

ʻO ia lā, i ka oihana koa ahaolelo i hooholoia e ke hoʻokō 'ia i ka pio ana o ka Turkish'auwaʻa' ana i loko o Cesme. Mau moku Lūkini wahi i ka puali ololi OAAIeOO, mai ke kaikūʻono, a hoomaka ae la ke kaua ma kahi o ke aumoe, hope ike kekahi o ka mea nui i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka holo moku.

Ma ka po o ka Turkish'auwaʻa i loa luku ma June 26, na luina o na moku, a me ka pā kaua holo ma Cesme Semurena. Mai kekahi mea i kekahi i loko o Europe ua i manaoia. Ma ka hanohano o ka lanakila o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa i hope hoʻouka kekahi Chesme rostral kolamu i loko o ka Ana Park o Tsarskoye Selo.

A pau i komo i loko o ke kaua kaulana o ka manao paa o Empress i hookoia hoʻomanaʻo mau mekala. Ma St. Petersburg, kūkulu Chesma Palace , a me ka Ekalesia, Gatchina hoʻouka kekahi obelisk, a ma Tsarskoye Selo - kia ao.

kahiko prototype o

Ia Rusia ua ma ke kaua ana me ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, i loko o Tsarskoye Selo, hoomaka ae la ka hana ma ka paka hālāwai hope. A hiki i ka lono o ka lanakila ma Cesme hiki St. Petersburg, Ana II Komikina'Āina i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone A. Rinaldi e hana i kekahi kia e like me ka rostral kia, haawi aku la ia ma Roma nei i ka hanohano o ka lanakila maluna iho o ka kanikele o Gaio Duilio'auwaʻa o Carthage.

Ua Ua hooholoia e hookupaa i ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i loko o ka waena o ka loko nuiʻeliʻia e Kuekene poe pio o ke kaua ma mua. Ke hana mau ia keia mea kekahi mau makahiki. Iloko o keia manawa, ua loli ka contours o ka mokuna laina o ka loko iʻa, e hāʻawi aku iā lākou i outline o ka Aegean kai.

Chesmenskaya kolamu ua hanaʻia ma luna o ka manao i aponoia kanaka Ana II. Ke Empress ua i kuhihewa: ke kilohana, a ma ka mea ia manawa, nobly laua ke hoopaa mai i ka palapala kahiko o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka pono hoʻomākaukau i ka hoike i ka lanakila o ka Lūkini moku, hoʻoholo ma mua o ka neʻeʻana o ke kaua.

pōkole hōʻikeʻano

Chesme kolamu - ka hana o ka Italia kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Antonio Rinaldi, i paʻa ma ka hana Lūkini, a me ka sculptor Ioganna Shvartsa, nana i hana i ke kia o ka keleawe hehee wale: o ka aeto, a me ka bas-ke kanaaho.

Ka puka ana o ka wai māpala pedestal ua hoʻokino like me ka truncated pyramid, o ka loa e like me kolamu - paa Ural pōhaku keʻokeʻo. Leialii ke kia he keleaweʻaeto, ua nona ma ka Turkish crescent. Ma ka kekahi lima, ia nô kêia ka eo Rusia, a ma ka 'ē aʻe - helu Orlov, Orlov loaa ke kuleana i ke kapa-Chesmensky.

Ma Rostra kekahi 'kokua kiʻi o kekahi mau huapalapala o ka hikina: i ka pāpale hainikā, horsetail,ʻaʻa pua, ihe, Turkish apoʻili, hae. Keleawe bas-ke kanaaho hoʻolaʻa i ka lanakila kaua ekolu ma ka Aegean kai, i loko o kona hanohano a me Chesme kia ao i hoʻouka kekahi.

Mōʻaukala a me ka hoʻokomo

I ka makahiki 1996, hoʻikeʻia i ka 300th lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka mokukaua'auwaʻa o Rusia. No ka ekolu kenekulia ka mea, ua he hailona ua loaa ia nani lanakila, a me ka mea kaua i loko o ka Aegean Sea ka Lūkini-Turkish kaua. A hiki i kēia lā, ka mea i hooholoia e hoihoi i ke keleawe bas-ke kanaaho, ai kāhikoʻia mamua, Chesma kia ao.

Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II, i lawe kekahi o lakou, mai loko mai o ka Great Pond, a ua i ka hopena o ka futile ho'āʻo o ka Nazis lawe aku i ka pōhaku keʻokeʻo kia. I 1994-1995. Kozenyuk sculptor V. recreated ka nalowale hehee wale, a me keia la Chesme kolamu ku pono i ke ia me ia ma ka lā o ka Empress Ana II, ka mea i kauoha mai e hana i kēia kia koa o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa.