Chlorate ka paʻakai

He aha ka potasiuma chlorate?

Ke potasiuma paʻakai o chloricʻakika (kekahi o ka oxygen ma-i loaʻa nāʻakika eha i hanaʻia ma ka chlorine: hypochlorous - HClO, chlorous - HClO2, chloric - HClO3 a me perchloric - HClO4) mau kapa potasiuma chlorate, haʻilula - KClO3. Kēia ka paʻakai ma ka helehelena ho nā pōaka (colorless), a mea poorly wailana i loko o ka wai (ma 20 ° C i loko o 100 cm3 o ka wai hoike mai wale 7,3 g. O ka paʻakai), akā, me ka mahuahua ana wela i ka solubility, piʻi pū. Kekahi o kona inoa kaulana - bertoletova paakai. Ke hakakino kaumaha substance mea 122,55 amu, nuʻa - 2,32 g. / Cm3. Ka paʻakai heheʻe i 356 ° C, ia decomposes ma kahi o 400 ° C.

I ka puka o ka potasiuma chlorate

No ka mea manawa mua (ma 1786) o ka potasiuma chlorate ua Palani chemist Klod Bertolle. Ua hala chloro ma kia wela potasiuma hydroxide pāʻoihana. No AiON helu kaulike, Via i ka paakai mea like penei: 3Cl2 + 6KOH → 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O. E like me ka hopena o keia naoh ka potasiuma chlorate precipitates me he keʻokeʻo paa. No ka mea, o poorly wailana i ka wai huihui, ka mea, ua hikiwawe kaawale mai ka'ē aʻe paʻakai i loko o ka pāʻoihana ua ho'ēmi. Mai kona weheʻana bertoletova paakai o ka loa, he pono ole, a maikaʻi kēia huahana o nā mea a pau i ka chlorate. Currently KClO3 hua ma luna o ka hanalima me ka unahiʻole.

Nine Inch mall

Chlorate paʻakai - he ikaika oxidizer. Ma ka reacting ka mea, me ka i kia hydrochloricʻakika (HCl) anao? Aou noa chlorine. ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma kēia kaʻina hana ma ka Nine Inch naoh helu kaulike: 6HCl + KClO3 → 3Cl ↑ + KCl + 3 H2O. Like a pau chlorates, keia waiwai i mahaloʻawahia. Ma hoʻoheheʻe palapala KClO3 vigorously kākoʻo'ā. I ka läÿau, ma ka haiia oxidizable waiwai (hoemi konohiki) e like me ka luaipele, phosphorus, kō, a me ke aloha 'ona potasiuma chlorate explodes ma ka hopena paha kū'ē. Ke pā lonoaʻili i kēia mau waiwai, ua hoʻokāʻoi 'ia ma ke alo o ka 'amoniuma paʻakai a me bromates. Ma lalo o akahai (paio hahana maoli nō i 60 ° C) ka'okesaside o potasiuma chlorate i hoomakaukauia mai oxalicʻakika chlorine'okikene lua, ke kaʻina loaa e like me ka naoh helu kaulike: 2KClO3 + H2C2O4 → K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O + 2ClO2. Chlorine monoxide loaa palapala noi i loko o ke loloʻa a me ka sterilization o kekahi mau mea (pepaʻiʻo pepa palaoa, a no laila, ma luna o), a ua hiki ke hoʻohana i ke obesfenolivaniya wastewater Nine Inch mea kanu.

Ka hoʻohana o potasiuma chlorate

O nā mea a pau bertoletova chlorate paakai o ka loa hoʻomano i hoʻohana. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana o ka make, ihoiho (hana ń poʻo combustible mea, heʻiʻo maka nō lako e ua huakaʻi o potasiuma chlorate Li 6-18-24-84), fireworks, disinfectant, chlorine'okikene lua. No ka mea, o ka pilikia kiʻekiʻe o nā mele me ka potasiuma chlorate, ka mea, i ole kokoke ia i loko o ka hana o ka pōkā pahū no ka hanalima, a koa mau hana. Loa kākaʻikahi potasiuma chlorate ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka mea nāna i hāpai i pahū. I kekahi manawa, hoʻohana 'ia i loko o pyrotechnics e haawi tsvetnoplamennye mele. Mua ka paʻakai hoʻohana 'ia ma ka lapaau: nawaliwali pāʻoihana o keia waiwai (KClO3) no kekahi manawa, ua hoʻohana me he antiseptic no topical gargling. Salt ma ke kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia, i hoʻohana 'e loaa ka oxygen ma lalo o keʻena hoʻokolohua kumu, akā, no ka mea, o ka pilikia o ka ho okolohua i' ōlelo.

Makaukau o potasiuma chlorate

Kekahi o na kēia mau kiʻina hana: ma chlorination o potasiuma hydroxide like me ka hopena o ka launa like naoh me nā paʻakai o chlorates, electrochemical'okesaside ma koʻana koko pāʻoihana o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia chlorides - bertoletova paakai hiki ke loaa. Makaukau o kona hanalima me ka unahiʻole pinepine hana ma ka disproportionation naoh hypochlorite (hypochlorousʻakika paʻakai). ʻanoʻenehana keʻano o ka hanaʻana hoʻokō 'okoa. Ma ka hapanui o na hihia ka mea, ua nānā 'ana ma luna o ka naoh ma waena o kalipuna koloriside a me ka potasiuma chlorate: Ca (ClO3) + 2KCl → 2KClO3 + 2 CaCl2. A laila, bertoletova ka paʻakai i hana mai i ka makuahine lama ma ka crystallization anao? Aou. No hoi i hoomakaukauia potasiuma chlorate ma ka Hoʻololi 'ano Berthollet ka electrolysis o potasiuma koloriside: hua mai la ma ka electrolysis ua reacted me ka chloro potasiuma hydroxide, ka kūpono KClO potasiuma hypochlorite ukali ma disproportionation o potasiuma chlorate KClO3 a me ke kumu o ka potasiuma koloriside KCl.

Ke decomposition o potasiuma chlorate

I ka wela o ka ma kahi o 400 ° C ka decomposition o potasiuma chlorate. E like me ka hopena, oxygen, a potasiuma perchlorate: 4KClO3 → KCl + 3KClO4. I kekahi kahua o ka decomposition ia lŘlŘ i ka wela o ka 550 a hiki i 620 ° C: KClO4 → 2O2 ↑ + KCl. Ma catalysts (ka mea, i e keleawe'okesaside CuO, he hao'okesaside (III) Fe2O3'okesaside ole manganese (IV) MnO2) decomposition ia lŘlŘ ma haʻahaʻa Mahana O Ke Kai (150 a hiki i 300 ° C), a ma kekahi anu u: 2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2.

maluhia ana

Bertoletova paakai mea lolelua ka pahū Nine Inch a hiki explode, me ka hooeueu ana, pūnaewele (e laʻa me, kokoke i ka reductants ma ka hookahi holopapa i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua 'ole i loko o kekahi keʻena) mīkini wili pōhaku a me nā hana. Ka Naita me ia e hana ino paha a hiki i ka make, e hahai. No laila, i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie, hana, pūnaewele paha amo o ka potasiuma chlorate pono e halawai mai na koi ana o ka Pekelala Law 116. iauaeoia i hoʻonohonoho mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana hai aku i ka hoʻopōʻino iiaacu.