Chronological papaʻaina Turgenev. Life a me ka Hana Hou o JS Turgenev: chronological papaʻaina

Turgenev i ka hopena o ka hoihoi nui i ka noiʻi no ka paʻa kūhohonu loa a me ka vivid hanana pololei e pili ana i ka luna 'hopena o ka motherland. Aie i ka tālena mana o ka mea kākau moʻolelo heluhelu a pau ma luna o ka honua, ua hiki no ka ike lea i na mea kupaianaha, a poinaʻole hana i komo i ka moʻolelo o ka mōʻaukala. No ka aneane he hapalua kenekulia mākou i me ka mahalo a me ka weliweli mālama i loko o ka lima o ka punahele puke ma Turgenev, a aʻo mai iā ia i ka hiki i ka maopopo, a haha aku i ka nani o kona'āina hānau, e pili ana no ka hanohano a me ka waiwai ku okoa ana, e like me ka haawina kiekie.

I ka hoʻohana ana i ka papaʻaina chronological

Ma ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i kekahi mōʻaukala ana nou, ke kuʻina o ka noho maikai ana a me kaʻike hoʻokumu o ka nō' elele o ke kanaka noiʻi, e hoonohonoho pono koi 'ia chronological papaʻaina. Turgenev 'o ka manawa mua a mākou e hoomaka ana e makaikai i ke kula, ma ka moʻokalaleo papa. Ma 5th papa - mea he pēnēia moʻolelo o Gerasim a me Mumu, 6 la - o ka pōkole moʻolelo "Bezhin Meadow", a laila, - "Ka Bear", "Asya", "" hana "a me ka" poem ma Ana Aina, ".

Ma hope makahiki e hele mai mākou i loko o hui 'ana me ka oi nui ia hana - novels, i lawe nani i Lūkini moʻokalaleo, a lanakila ke aloha o ka haole heluhelu. O ka holo ana, ma kēlā me kēia kahua o këia ka Kawaihae o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, ua aʻo e pili ana i ka mea i nā kūʻiʻo hou e kōkua e maopopo pono ai ka hana ana o keia kanaka kekahi. Paʻa mau kōkua hiki Maanei, biographic chronological papaʻaina o Turgenev, e leie aku oe e hoonohonoho aeaiiua, kuhikuhi i ka mea nui loa, a nui, e hōʻike i nāʻano o nā hanana.

Mai kêia kanaka

Turgenev chronological papaʻaina i ka wa e hana ana me ia i loko o ka lumi papa ma ke kula, o ka papa, i hoʻomaka me ka papa kuhikuhiE kekahi hanana i loko o ke ola o kekahi kanaka - mai ka manawa mai o kona hanau ana. Kēia - ka ho omaka ana o nā mea a pau hou hopena. Hanau mea kākau i loko o ke kahiko Lūkini kulanakauhale o Orel, October 28 (November 9) i ka 1818. Nā kūpuna o ka makua kāne i waena oʻikeʻia ka mea kahiko, o ka hereditary aliʻi, i kekahi manawa, he koʻikoʻi kūlana i loko o ke aupuni o ka mōʻaukala hoʻokani. Maternal kūpuna no hoi i ole oko ke aliʻi, akā, ua waiwai. Chronological papaʻaina Turgenev pono pono i komo i loko o ka PAaIEN o ka 'ohana pūnana - Spasskoe- Lutovinovo, a lilo iho la ia i ka mea kākau moʻolelo no ke kumu o ke aloha nui ia Rusia, a me ka passionate inaina no ka serfdom.

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence

hoʻolauleʻa mea kākau Diaries he kūikawā kūlana i loko o ke ola o Ivan Sergeyevich kona makuwahine, Varvara Petrovna Lutovinovo. I ka wā i houluuluia chronological papaʻaina Turgenev, komo hai mai ia makou e pili ana i kēia kekahi, a controversial wahine mea pono. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, he nui o ka hiʻona o kona ano, a me na mea he nui o nā hanana o ke ola e lewa i loko o ka palapala, ai meʻe - ka haku wahine o ka "Mumu" Glafira Petrovna o "Noble pūnana", ke kupuna wahine o ka "Punin a me Baburin." paha, ka 'o ka makua kāne, hoi, ua waiho i loko o ke ola o ka mea kākau moʻolelo indelible mark. No ka mea, chronological papaʻaina Turgenev e pokole hai e pili ana i ka luna 'pilina ma waena o ia mau mea, no ka mea, loaʻa ka mea, i ka noʻeau mau manaʻo i loko o kekahi o kaʻoi lyrical novels - "First Love".

Education a mua kapuwaʻi ma ka hanaia'na o

1827 - nui ka lā mai i a loa hoʻololi Kawaihae Turgenev. Chronological papaʻaina e like me ia no ka mea, i kēia makahiki i ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka 'ohana neʻe i Moscow. A ma hope o ka napoo ola i loko o ka Manor, a me kona pono-hoʻokumu aoao o ke ola, he uuku kaiapili o hoapili, ka home hoʻonaʻauao, aia no he launa pu ana o Ivan Sergeyevich a hiki i ka hou ola - i loko o ke kulanakauhale nui, i loko o kekahi kula hanai, kahi āna i loaa aʻo i ka kulanui hoʻonaʻauao 'ana.

Makahiki 1833 - komo i ke Kulanui o Moscow, 1834 - unuhi 'ia Petersburg ma ka waha' Oihana philosophical kumu. I loko o kēia mau makahiki, i ka haumāna opiopio hoʻomaka e ho'āʻo iā ia iho i loko o poetry a me ka hana keaka. A mua o kona manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni Piotr Pletnev i kokoke i kēlā me kēia Pushkina. ma kahi e hoomau ana haumāna Kawaihae Turgenev (chronological papaʻaina ia fixes) e ia, i loko o Kelemania, kahi āna i hoʻouna aku ai i ka 1838. 'Aʻole wale nō kālaiʻike, akā, i ka hoike ana i ka Western kālai'āina LIKE, familiarity me ka holumua ai lawelawe neʻe a me ideologies e ka maoli Hopu i loko o ke kahua o ko Turgenev ka kanaka. Holland, France, a Italy i no hoi i ka nui manaʻo ma luna o ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo. A hiki i keia wa no, a me ka Hawaii photo Turgenev Ivan Sergeyevich i kekahi kiʻi o ka ia, a me ka poe i kou noonoo ana ma lalo nei (K.A.Gorbunov mea kākau, 1838-1839.).

Ka mua iaia

Ohana, me kŰia no ka papahelu haku, he makemake e ao aku - ia a pau e kau mai maluna o ka hoʻomaka o ka 40s. Turgenev - he Kumu o ka kālaiʻike, akā, i loko o Rusia ka mea, ua Rotehama banned. A no laila, Ivan Sergeyevich i kūhelu. A i ka makahiki 1843, ua paʻi ma ka puka poem "Paracha" - o ka mua oiaio Turgenev ka hana, a me ka mea, ua ua dotted hoʻopaʻa 'kupaianaha wahine ano, lanakila' o ia i ka inoa palapala, ai 'o "Turgenev kaikamahine".

Photo Turgenev Ivan Sergeyevich mea he daguerreotype, i hana ia 1840 HI makahiki. Tenacious, hooikaika ka nānā aku, kāwahawaha kuʻemaka, a me ka hohonu hewa elua ma waena o ia ka hōʻike 'o ka manaʻo nui. No ka mea, nui loa koke, i ka 1847, o ka moʻolelo e hoomaka ana i ka nuʻu mua, a laila, e i ka ohi, i lawe mai kona kaulana a me ka 'ike ai i ka mea kākau moʻolelo - "Sketches", "Mumu" a me na mea e ae. No laila, eʻoiaʻiʻo, e pono i ka lā ma luna o ka 'alemanaka! Ma hope o nā moʻolelo a pau o Turgenev - he maoli puke noiʻi kūʻikena o ke kanaka ola, aupuni ke ola kaha kiʻi, ka hōʻike 'ia' ana o nā subtleties o kaʻike manaʻo o ka poe noonoo ole Lūkini kanaka.

Link i Spasskoye

Ua laweʻia ka inoa o ka mea kākau ma ka censor no ka mooolelo, a ua hoouna aku la ia i loko o ke pioʻana i loko o ka ohana waiwai a me ka hopena o ka Akuma ka MH 1853. Herzen mea ole no kekahi mea i kapaʻia i nā moʻolelo o ko Turgenev ka "palapala hoopii o serfdom." Ma ka hopena o ka poe mumuku, i luku ai i na manaolana derailed ola narrate "Raspberry Wai" a me ka "Ermolai a me Miller." "Mele" uhane nani kupaianaha a me ka tālena o na kanaka hoikeia mai i loko o ka hana. Detrimental 'ole o ka serfdom ua ikeia ma na moʻolelo.

"Notes o ka Hunter" lilo ka mua nui na makana o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i loko o ka relentless paio ku e hilahila ka noho kauā kuapaʻa. No laila, e kiʻi i ka manaʻo o "Hannibal hoohiki", keia a ianoiyuaa a Turgenev i loko o kona wa opiopio. A kekahi mea nui wahi. Ma kēia mau moʻolelo i manao mua i ka Haku i ka lima - he mea hoolea o Lūkini ano, a me nā mea kupaianaha kaila, expressive 'ōlelo, a i kapaʻia ai ka noiʻi "Turgenev." kekahi VG Belinsky pono mahalo i ka palapala, ai 'talena o ka mea kākau moʻolelo.

"Ke kihi loa o kekahi ka punana"

Turgenev ka ola - ka huli mau loa no ka oiaio, i ka makemake e ike i ka "pohihihi Lūkini uhane o na kanaka." He mea i kū hoʻokahi tālena: e hai, i ka manaʻo pono ka pukaʻana i ka manaʻo nui o ka lawelawe manao, eʻike i nā huapalapala hou e hōʻike 'ia ma ke kahua o ka paio a me ka nohona pili aupuni, a me ka hōʻike' ia i loko o kā lākou mau hana. I ka Ia manawa, ua pono ole poina e pili ana i ka manaʻoʻike kūpili o Turgenev ka Ana Aina, a me ka poetry o kona kakou kamailio ana kela ano keia ano. A nae - e pili ana i ke aloha.

Ke theme like ana o ke aloha o kekahi o ka mea nui i loko o nā novels a pau o ka mea kākau, ma na mea he nui o kona mau novels. Aloha ka mea loaʻa, e kaha i ka waiwai o ko lākou mau huapalapala, kā lākou kaʻaeʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe kanaka. Ma ke kino ola o kona huapalapala, Ivan Sergeyevich auhau ia lakou i ka loa stringent koi. No ke aha la pela? Paha, no ka mea kino ola Turgenev loli Hawaiʻiʻano dramatically. Polina Viardo, Palani keaka mele hoolea, lilo iho la ia i kona kukakuka iho, unattainable moe, a me kona 'ohana a me ke ola - ". Haole pūnana" i kona ohana, a me kona hale, akā, i ka lihi o ka No ia mea, i ole i. ʻO ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka kaikamahine, hanau o ka iwilei kaikamahine hoʻi i loko o ka manawa o kona wā'ōpiopio, i ho'ālaʻia i loko o ka ohana Viardot. I kekahi mau loa i ke ola o Turgenev i maheleia i mau halves - ma mua o kona halawai Paulina, a ma hope. No laila, i ka makahiki 1843 e e ia ma luna o ka 'alemanaka, a hiki ma keia manao, o ka mea nui wale hanana no Ivan Sergeyevich.

Alu like 'ana a me kaʻoluʻolu o me ka "Contemporary"

Chronological papaʻaina o ke Turgenev ka ola e e hoomau ia na kii me ka 1850 - o ka hoʻomaka o ka hana i loko o Nekrasov "Contemporary", aloha a me ka ideological alu like 'ana me ka kemokalaka intelligentsia: Nekrasov, Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky a me na mea e ae. 1855 - palapala "Rudin" puke, 1859 - ka muli o "Noble pūnana", 1860 - hanaia'na o ka "Ewa"; 1862 - kala o ka "Man a Sons" puke.

Kēlā me kēia no ka hana a hooku iho la ia i ka lehulehu - ka pane ana i ka ninau e pili ana i ka hiki a me ka e ia i kaʻikena ano, maikai lehulehu huahelu. I kā lākou mau pono a me ka mau manao o ka mea kākauʻohana a hiki i ka Liberal (KS), ka mea manaoio aku ia ola i loko o Rusia pono e loli ma ke aupuni o ka mihi a me ka kipi i ole lawe iā ia me ka lawe wale a me ka mōhai. Moʻokalaleo, pakahi aku la ia Turgenev Koi ikaika ma luna o ka mea mai, aole pono e kāhea "Rusia no ke koi." Ma ke akamai poe hana i he kuleana nui, no ka mea, ka mea, he hoʻonui i ke kahua o ka lehulehu ike paka i. A kipi ka weliweli eʻaʻole lawe mai i kekahi mea maikai i ke kanaka. Ma keia kumu, i ka 1860, ana me ke alakaʻi o ka "Contemporary" lilo i ka mea kākau o loa Makamae, a ma ka 1861 loa hoʻi i kāpiliʻia. keia lā E e pono paa i ka chronological unahiʻole, i Kawaihae o Turgenev.

E noho nei ma kahi e aku

Ka hoʻomaka wahi o ka hou wā i loko o ke ola o Ivan Sergeyevich - 1863. He la ia mea, a hiki i Farani, e noho ana me kona ohana Viardot,ʻo ia ke kōkua 'ia me kana kane ma ka kūloko Media. Aia palapala i kona mau mea maikai na mea hope - puke "Pukoa ae" a me ka "Virgin ka lepo," a me ka moʻolelo "Hao Wai". Ma ka hale,ʻo ia i kekahi manawa e hele mai i loko o ka makahiki hou, uaʻike nō ia me ke kaumaha e waiho ana ko läkou 'o ka moʻomeheu i hala o ka hanohano. Ua ua wale i loko o ka 1870s, ka wā i hou nalu o ka lawelawe liberation neʻe, pohala ae hoihoi ma waena o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, a me kona Lūkini poʻe heluhelu i loko o Rusia. Hiki ana Ivan Sergeyevich i waeʻia pinepine halawai me ke kanaka opiopio, i kona hanohano ma ka palapala, ai ahiahi, kono e hoʻi i ka hale no ka maikai. Turgenev manaʻo e pili ana ia.

"Poem Ka Ana Aina," a me ka make

Iloko o ka 4 makahiki hope o kona ola i kākau Ivanom Sergeevichem uuku lyrical'āhihi ohi ia i loko o ka ohi ma lalo o ka inoa "poem ma Ana Aina,". Succinct, concise masterpieces, kupaianaha hohonu o ka manao, a me ka hemolele o ka hōʻike. Ka mea, ua lilo i ke ano o ka haʻi o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, me kona kino diary, reflective manaʻo, manaʻo, naʻau i loko Turgenev. I ka 1882, ka mea kākau moʻolelo loaa i ka maʻi weliweli - Ka maʻi 'aʻai o ka spine. A me August 22, 1883 (September 3rd) ma Buzhevile make iho la ia. Kanu mea kākau i loko o Rusia, ma St. Petersburg. Mauʻikepili i paʻa i palapala ia ma ka biographical 'alemanaka.