Distance mika ma ka honua. Nā Papahana no ana i ka mamao

Distance ana - kekahi o ka walaʻauʻana hana ma ka geodesy. Ua nui na ano o ana i ka mamao like pono me ka nui helu o nā mea hoʻololi i, e lawe mai i kēia mau hana a pau. Pela, ke manao i kēia pukana i hou au mamuli.

Direct mamao huahelu iaoia

Inā koi 'ia e ka hoʻoholo' ana i ka mamao i ka mea i pololei i ka laina, a me ka wahi mea i loaʻa i ke ao, hoʻohana 'ia o ka mea manaʻo no ana i ka mamao me he kila lola. Kona loihi - mai ka umi a hiki i ka iwakalua mau mika. Aka ka mea, hiki ke hoʻohana kaula a uea, a me keʻokeʻo kaʻaʻai kahakai a me ka ulaula, elua umi mau mika. I ka wa e Pono e ana curvilinear mea i hoʻohana 'elemakule, a me nā luawai-ike mau-mika laau mahele waiwai (anana) paha, e like me ka mea i kapa ia, "Kovylek". I kekahi manawa, he mea pono ia e ka mua ana He kokekau wale pololei. Ia i keia ma ana i ka mamao o ke kapuai hookahi (nā kapuwaʻi o ka helu ana i ka ulu ana like hua 10 a 20 knm).

Ana mamao ma ka honua remotely

Ma ka hihia o loaa i kekahi ana mea i loko o ka laina o ka maka, akā, i loko o ke alo insurmountable nā pilikia, e ka mea hiki ole keia i pololei komo i ka mea (e laʻa me ic ??, na muliwai, wahi lepo wai, na awawa,, etc.) hoʻohana mamao ana loihi pilikia makapō iaoia, a oi ua hōʻike hewa epekema, mai laila loaʻa nō kekahi mauʻano likeʻole:

1. High-waho e neʻe ana.
2. Lowʻikena a He kokekau wale ana.

Ka mua nā ana ma ka mea o kūikawā manaʻo, e like me'ōnohi huahelu finders, electromagnetic a paha lolouila telemeter, ka malamalama, a me kukuna huahelu finders, kani ultrasonic huahelu finders. Ka lua oʻano kikowaena ana iaoia e like me ka pilikia makapō anahonua. Here a me ka hoʻoholo 'ana i ka mamao mai ka angular nui o nā mea, a me ke kukulu ana o ka like-huina triangle mauna, a me ke ano o ka pololei serifs nui'ē aʻe geometric ano. E noonoo i kekahi o na aoao o ka kiʻekiʻe-miomio a me ka He kokekau wale ana.

Ke'ōnohi mamao mika

Oia ana o ka mamao ma ka hapa millimeter ma maʻamau me ka hana pono e pono infrequently. Ma hope o nā mea a pau,ʻaʻohe iauaeoia oo? Ecia, i ka oihana akamai e ole e lawe i ka pono a me ka mea kaumaha i. ʻano nui ka mea, e hoʻohana i ka 'oihana a me ka surveying? Ieoaeunoai hana. Pinepine hoʻohana me ia i ka mea no ana i ka mamao i ka'ōnohi rangefinder. Ua hiki e ka poe ikaika, a ee iaaanu aey parallax huina, a ho i kīʻamo iʻike mau theodolite.

Ana i i ka vertical a me ka papamoe ana koʻokoʻo me ke kupaianaha AUOO pae. I ka pololei o ia mau ana rangefinder i lawa ke kiekie a me ka hewa o keia hoopunipuni ke hiki i ka waiwai o ka 1: 2000. Huahelu huahelu mea uuku, a dala i wale ma waena o 20 a me ka mai i 200-300 mika.

Electromagnetic a me kukuna rangefinder

Ka electromagnetic a mamao mika e pili ana i ka ai-kapaia impulse type manaʻo, i ka pololei o ka huahelu ua noʻonoʻo, a me ka awelika hewa o keia hoopunipuni hiki i waena o 1,2 a me 2 mau mika. Akā, i kēia mau manao maalea i ka nui ia Morohiha maluna o ko lakou mau'ōnohi counterparts, e like me ka maikaʻi no ka hoomaopopo ana i ka mamao ma waena o ka neʻe maila mea. Distance huahelu ka mea, i ke ho omaulia like me ka mika a me kilomika, pela ka mea, e pinepine ia i loko o ka hooko ana mai Honolulu.

Like no ke kukuna rangefinder, ka mea, ua papahana e ana i ka mamao i ole nui loa, ka mea, ua kiʻekiʻe pololei a me ka loa kana olelo hoopomaikai. He mea oi loa aku hoi oiaio no ke kālā no lawe kukuna ana lola. Mau manao maalea ana i ka mamao o ia mea ma ke kaawale ana o 20-30 mika, a i ka 200 mika, a me ka hewa o ka ole oi aku 2-2.5 mm o ka lōʻihi.

kani ultrasonic Distance Measurer

'O kēia kekahi o ka poe noonoo ole loa a me ka hoʻohana-aloha manaʻo. He oluolu a me ka hemahema hoi i ka hana, a pili ia i ka mea e hiki ana i ka angular wahi o ka wahi, a kaawale ia wahi ma luna o ka'āina. Aka hoi, ke kaʻawale mai ka maopopo pono ia mai a me ka hooluolu. Mua, no ka mea, o ka uuku huahelu o ka mamao ana huahelu ma keia i hoʻomākaukauʻia i ke pōpilikia wale i loko o 'īniha, a mika - a mai 0,3 a hiki i 20 mau mika. Nō hoʻi, ke ana pololei i ke hoʻololi ikiʻia, mai ka leo EYI māmā holo hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka nuʻa o ka meakino, e like me ka mea uaʻike, hiki ole e ikaika. Naʻe, i kēia mea mea hemolele no ana e hoʻokēʻai ai uuku e mai i koi kiʻekiʻe miomio.

Geometric ki ina hana like no ke ana ana i ka mamao ma ka maka

Luna i hana ai me ka 'oihana ala e ana mamao. A me ka mea e hana ai, i ka wa a ka lima mea i ho'ākāka 'ia i kaawale mika? Eia ke hele mai i ke kokua o ke anahonua. No ka laʻana, e ana i ka laula o ka wai ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai, e mea hiki ke kūkulu i kona kapa mau equilateral pono triangle mauna, e like me ka hoike ana ma ke kiʻikuhi.

Ma keia hihia, no ka AF muliwai laula, ua like ia DE-BF pana pua ke align me ka panana, heʻahā like a lahilahi o ka pepa, a hiki i'ālike mau lālā i kela kapa. Eia, o ka pilikia e alaʻe oia.

Nō ka mea, Ua hiki e ana i ka mamao i ka pale ma ke keʻakeʻa nei, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka geometric iaoia i kauoha serifs kūkulu i ka akau triangle me vertex ma luna o ka pale kaua a me ka mahele ana ia i loko o nā-kapakahi. Aia o he ano o ka hoomaopopo ana i ka laula o ka'ākeʻakeʻa mai ka hoʻohana 'ana i kekahi mea ke kōmi' o ka mauu a me ka pae, ai ke ala e kōkua kau i ka manamana nui ...

He waiwai noʻonoʻo 'ana i kēia hana ma hou au mamuli, no ka mea, o ka easiest. Ma kaʻaoʻao e ku pono ana o ka ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai ua koho conspicuous mea (eʻoiaʻiʻo, e ike i ka He kokekau wale kona kiekie), kekahi maka paa hou mai la, a me nā koho mau ukana uaʻonou hoalaia manamana lima. A laila, me ka hookiekie ana i kou manamana lima, ae pili hamama maka, a wehe paʻa. Manamana lima huli i pili i ka mea koho mea ua hoʻoneʻe i kaʻaoʻao. Ma muli o ka oaeuiinoe kiekie o ke kumuhana, no ka nui o na mika ua hoʻouna 'ana i ka manamana lima ua nee aku no ia visually. Ua loihi ua hoonuiia ka umi, a me ka hopena o ka He kokekau wale laula o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai. Ma keia hihia, ke kanaka ia ia iho akaka like stereophotogramrnetrical mamao mika.

Geometric mamao ana i na aoao. He aha makemake oe e olelo aku e pili ana i kēlā me kēia au mamuli, ka mea e lawe i ka puu o ka manawa. Akā, ka mea a pau i He kokekau wale, a ua kupono wale no ka hana hea kahi kūlike loa ana me ka mea i hiki ole.