E kuapo: He aha ka mea? kuapo aku a puni a me ka hewa'ōnaehana

Ka manawa "E kuapo" hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka likeʻole ma o ka iiaie oaoieei hāʻina o nā haʻawina. He aha ka mea? Ma ka loa mau ano - he mea no ka hoʻololiʻana pou i puhi ai (no lepa) a hiki e lolouila, huina'ine-ulana lole paha electromechanically.

Ma ka puali ololi ano ua IeAUPIIe, IAa IO no laila, kapaʻia mea hō'ā kaʻa E kuapo, a i lako pono me kekahi kaa me ka kakolina kiko'ī. Kēiaʻano o nā mea hoʻololi,ʻano nui kaʻa, a me ke kumuhana o keia Haawina.

Ka Ike mea hō'ā kaʻa nenoai

E like me ka mea, uaʻike, i loko o kēlā me ke hoʻohana kalapona kakolina maloko'ā engine, he mea no i koe o ka hoʻomākaukau i kekahi combustible wahie-ea läÿau, a me kona'ā ke kahua. Akā, i ka läÿau, wela, ka mea pono e kekahi mea e puhi.

Ka mua pāʻoihana hoʻohana ma o ka mua kaʻa maloko'ā engine, mea hō'ā kaʻa i ka läÿau, no ka glow şarkı hookomoia i loko o ka paukūʻolokaʻa a me ka preheat mua e hoʻomaka ana i ka engine. A pau kona ana ana wela o ka Tube i malamaia no ma muli o ke'ā ma kēlā me kēia pōʻaiapuni o ka läÿau,.

Interestingly, ka hunaahi mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōnaehana magneto noi ma laua me ka mālama '-mea hō'ā kaʻa o kiko'ī, akā, ma mua wale no ka mea hanalima kinoea engine. Keia rula i koke replicated a me automakers, a ma hope o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o Robert Bosch i ka 1902, i ka mau hunaahi polokalamu hunaahi'ōnaehana ua lilo i ka hae.

I ka rula o ka hunaahi polokalamu mākaʻikaʻi

Currently, ka loa, he pono ole o na pu ki'ōnaehana mea hō'ā kaʻa, ec i ka he kumu i loko o ka palapala o ke kaʻa na pu ki aloha ma hoʻomaka a me ka Hawaii mīkini hana wāwahie ka wā o ka engine e holo, i ka mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōwili hao mea he mea hoʻololi uila me ka kiʻekiʻe anakahi uila kiʻekiʻe o Kahualoa Kokohi i ka a ka hunaahi polokalamu mea hō'ā kaʻa, a me ke kanaka hoʻouna (E kuapo) mea hō'ā kaʻa . Hana kuapo mea i kekahi manawa kū ana i ka papa kaapuni o ka iniiaiie o Kahualoa Kokohi i ka mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōwili hao. Me kela a me keia haʻahaʻa o konaʻikenaʻume mākenēki kahua? Ueony i loko o nā kumu o ka wa e ku e na kaula o ke kiʻekiʻe o Kahualoa Kokohi i ka mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōwili hao, emi loa hikiwawe loa. Penei, ma e like me ke kānāwai o ka electromagnetic a hoʻokomo i ka ia nui ma ka lewa, aia mea he nui loa solenoidal uila ke kahua, a hana i ka kiʻekiʻe pinepine '(i i ka 25 kV) i loko o ke kiʻekiʻe o Kahualoa Kokohi EMF mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōwili hao, hunaahi polokalamu nā uila aʻa lolo haehaeʻia. Ke anakahi uila ma waena o ia koke hiki i ka waiwai kupono no ka hālāwai hope o ka lewa nahā i, a laila, Aina uila hunaahi ignited ka wahie-ea ukuhiia.

I ua ua hō'ā i ka mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōnaehana?

No laila, i ke kaʻa E kuapo. He aha ka mea a ke kumu ua mea e pono? Pokole, i kēia mea, i AIM e uhai i kaʻikena kaapuni i loko o ka iniiaiie o Kahualoa Kokohi i ka mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōwili hao i loko o ka loa pono no keia minute.

Ma o ka eha-hahauʻana maloko'ā engine, i kēia manawa koke nō ia lŘlŘ ma ka pau ana o ka mīkini'opihia hahau (2nd hana hahau hau), koke ma mua o ka kuʻe kīnā ka ai-kapaia luna make ioauoa (TDC), ma i ka mamao, mai kekahi wahi ma ka kuʻe i ka crankshaft (axis) o kuapo o ka maloko'ā engine mea i kā mākou. Mai ka crankshaft hana he hoʻopoepoe rotational ana, ka he haʻahaʻa wahi nakinaki ai i kekahi o kona kulana mua e holo ai ia lakou, a me ka kuʻe TDC kulana. Ka huina ma waena o ka crankshaft kulana, a me ka vertical plane ua kapaia ka mea hō'ā kaʻa manawa. Ua loli aʻe mai ka 1 a hiki i 30 degere.

Ua haawiia i ka mōʻaukala, ka nīnau "Car E kuapo: He aha ka mea?" - E e kuleana, ia mea mua ma paʻi, a me ka hope, e like me ka 'ike loea E hana' ia, lolouila nalu i loko o ka mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōwili hao.

Mechanical precursor mea hō'ā kaʻa E kuapo

Maoli, ke kuapo mea he mea i kapa wale nei, ma hope o ka mea, ua lilo hoakaka uila. Akā, mua, mahope mai o 1910, ka wā i ke kaʻa "Cadillac" ikea no ka manawa mua i 'akomi mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōnaehana, kona hana a me nā hana i hana' ia e ke kanaka hoʻouna (nō hoʻi). Kēia duality He ala ae la i ka inoa no o kona pālua hana i loko o ka mea hō'ā kaʻa nenoaiu. Ma ka kekahi lima, i ka pono ma ka iniiaiie o Kahualoa Kokohi i ka mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōwili hao mea pono e kū ana - ma keia hope aku i ka "chopper". Ma ka kekahi lima, pono alternately haawi i ke anakahi uila kiʻekiʻe o Kahualoa Kokohi i ka mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōwili hao i ka hunaahi kuʻina koʻo o pau na nā paukūʻolokaʻa, a me ka makemake kēpau huina. Nolaila i ka lua o ka hapalua o ka inoa - "kanaka hoʻouna".

Like hana nō hoʻi?

Hana-ala kiwikā o ua kipaku i kuapo ma ka crankshaft oloko kona kumu ma i ua paa i ka dielectric epaepa huila me ka kaʻapuni-slider tokoraznosnoy papa ma kona hope. By kupulau-ukana unaʻaoʻao o kalapona palaki i pili i ke kiʻekiʻe anakahi uila kikowaena hui 'ana ma o ka kanaka hoʻouna uhi, i ka huli ua pili i ka mea kiʻekiʻe o Kahualoa Kokohi i ka mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōwili hao. Tokoraznosnaya pń kekahi manawa kokoke loa i kahi manaʻo i loko o ke poʻi tramblera hui 'ana kiʻekiʻe anakahi uila kaula alakai i ka hunaahi nā paukūʻolokaʻa. Ma kēia wahi i loko o ke kiʻekiʻe o Kahualoa Kokohi spool ia lŘlŘ kiʻekiʻe anakahi uila, a puka nō ia o ka mau makani nahā i: tokoraznostnoy ma waena o ka papa, a me ka papa uea, a hiki i keia hunaahi ma waena o nā nā uila aʻa lolo o ka hunaahi.

Ma ka mea hookahi kumu kaʻikaʻi cams, a helu lākou, i ka helu ana o nā paukūʻolokaʻa a me kēlā me kēia pahupaʻikiʻi protrusions ua wehe ka poʻe me ka pilina hui 'ana mau hunaahiʻikena interrupter i komo i loko o ke kaapuni ana o ka mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōwili hao iniiaiieʻanuʻu.

Ia ma waena o nā hui 'ana o ka nalu e mai i hunaahi ka wā e hamama ana, ua pili ia laua i ka mea kiʻekiʻe-auhau mea pihana. mea, lalau mai I ka weheʻana i ka nalu hui 'ana emf e poloʻai pule ma ka iniiaiie o Kahualoa Kokohi i ka pono, e kauoha aku i ka mea pihana, akā, mamuli no kona kiʻekiʻe nona iho anakahi uila ma ia, a nolaila ke kelepona hamama, o lalo o ka lewa hālāwai hope.

Akā, mea e pili ana i ke alakaʻi huina?

E like me ua ike, a me ka emi ana ma ka alapine (frequency) o kuapo o ka crankshaft ukuhiia i loko o nā nā paukūʻolokaʻa i e ignite kona mīkini'opihia hahau i ka hope, e like ma mua o ka TDC, 'o ia hoʻi, e hoemi mea hō'ā kaʻa ka makau e. Conversely, ma ka hoʻoulu i ka rotational mämä holo i loko o ka mīkini'opihia hahau ana ukuhiia pono ignite i kakahiaka nui, a laila mua huina mahuahua. Ke nō hoʻi hanaʻia kēia kuleana pili i centrifugal mea hoʻokonukonu mechanically hui i ka cams puka kuapo. He Ua huli ia ma ke au o ka kanaka hoʻouna no laila, i ka mea, ma neia hope aku i loko o ka mīkini'opihia hahau wehe i ka hui 'ana o ka nalu i ka läÿau,.

Kēpau huina loli mea pono, a ma kekahi mau alapine (frequency) i ka wa a ka engine haawe loli aʻe. Keia hana ua hana i ka kūikawā mea - i ka holo mea hoʻokonukonu mea hō'ā kaʻa.

Ano o na mea hoʻololi mua

Ma ka pau ana o na 70s o ka hope kenekulia ka mea, ua hoʻomaka iholaʻo ia i ka mea palupalu loa wahi tramblera nō ke kelepona nalu, ma i kahe ka piha iniiaiieʻikena. Ka mea kuni i ka mea, ma o, a mai ka mea. No laila, ka mea mua pāʻoihana ua he kūikawā lolouila kuapo kaapuni, e alalai mai i ka pono i loko o ka'ōwili hao. Ma kona alo Low anakahi uila kaapuni maʻi me kaula, maiʻike mau hui 'nalu tramblera. Ano, nae, ia mea,ʻaʻole 'aʻole i hui' ana huina kala pono o ka mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōwili hao, a me ka mea uuku pono i loko o ka hoʻokomo o huakai kaapuni E kuapo.

Maoli ka lolouila E kuapo i ua structurally papahana like me ka hookaawale pa alima a me ka pili (ma ka noi o ka Keaukaha) a hiki i ka panina nō hoʻi. Kēia mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōnaehana ua kapaia ka papa leka uila. Ua ua loa mea mahaloia imua o na 80s o ka hope kenekulia. E like i keia la e hiki nō kaa i hoʻolako pono me ka mea ike.

E hoohauhee ana i ka papa kuapo lolouila'ōnaehana e hele ana ma luna o transistors.

Na kekahi ka anu u - i ka hoole ana o ka papa nalu

Hoʻokaʻaʻike nalu a hiki i ka haʻahaʻa-he palapala, ua hoʻohana 'ia ma ka hui' ana me ka lolouila mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōnaehana, e noho loa fragile knot. No laila, ua i automakers nui ana e hoʻopau ia. i kau mau hana a me ka pomaikai ma hope o ka hanaia'na o ka ole-papa mīkiniʻimi-kanaka hoʻouna ma ka kumu o ka Hall mīkiniʻimi.

Ano, kahi o kekahi mau cams ma luna o ke kanaka hoʻouna kona kumu, hoomaka ae la e onoaiiaea paukūʻolokaʻa puha pale a me na shutters me oä therebetween, a me ka ai i ka helu o ka makapo kau like me ka helu o ka engine nā paukūʻolokaʻa. Pale a me ka paku kau hele ana ma kaʻume mākenēki kula hua mai la ia e ka paʻa Mākēneki, hala ka'āhihi Hallʻimi. Like loa me ko ia neiʻoniʻoni hala o ka pale o ka pale, ma ka auoiaea anakahi uila o ka Hall mīkiniʻimi ua nalowale. A i ka hoʻopau UAIAaIN ma ka slit me ka Hall mīkiniʻimi lolouila circuitry o ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale anakahi uila ua wehe ', e hoike ana i ka pono, e alalai mai i ka pono ma ka iniiaiie o Kahualoa Kokohi i ka mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōwili hao. Kēia lāʻau ikiʻai wale anakahi uila ka pū i hiki ma ka uea e aeie i ke kuapo pono i loko o ka mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōwili hao, kahi ia o ka mālama '-listen, a laila, hoʻohana i ka mana i ka papa kuhikuhiE mana ka hoʻololiʻana ke kahua.

Kekahiʻano o ka koke mīkiniʻimi mea he kanaka hoʻouna pa alima me ka'ōnohi mīkiniʻimi, ma i ka phototransistor ua hoʻohana ', kahi o ka paʻa Mākēneki ma wahi o ka Hall mīkiniʻimi - alakai. Ke'ōnohi mīkiniʻimi i ke kaʻapuni paku me ka puka, a shutters.

Ke ano o ke kuapo wale

Ke'ī mai, ma ka contactless mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōnaehana kahi o kekahi papa tramblera he mau hookaawale naehana: koke (akā, wale haʻahaʻa anakahi uila) mīkiniʻimi-ala kiwikā a me ka uila kuapo. I ka hana o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka makana anakahi uila o nā hunaahi kuʻina koʻo i loko o ka mīkiniʻimi-hōʻino aku nō hanaʻia me mechanical hoʻokaʻa slider me tokoraznosnoy una.

A pehea i ka mana i ke kī pūʻana huina? Mau hana i no ka hanaia centrifugal a me ka holo regulators like hapa o ka moʻokūʻikena-kanaka hoʻouna. Ka mua o kēia mau mea e huli i nā cams ma ke kumu mea ole, a me ka hoʻololi ai i ka hoʻopau pale, ma ia hoololiia'na ka mea hō'ā kaʻa huina. Ka holo mea hoʻokonukonu kekahi i ka hiki e hoʻololi i ka Hall mīkiniʻimi me kona ke kākoʻoʻana papa, i ka hōʻoiaʻana i kēia huina.

Ua haawiia ka luna, me ka ninau: "Ka laekahi ulia kaʻa E kuapo:? He aha ka mea" - E e haawiia mai he pane i mea structurally kaawale lolouila pa alima contactless mea hō'ā kaʻa kahua.

Hoole o kiʻekiʻe anakahi uila o ka makana

Ka loihi ma ka kuapo malama me mechanical kiʻekiʻe anakahi uila kanaka hoʻouna paukūʻolokaʻa no ka hunaahi. Ka loa hoihoi 'o ia i kēia wahi ua lawa ka ike loea, aʻaʻole i hou hoopii. Akā, 'aʻole i ku malie manawa, a ma ka hoʻomaka o keia kenekulia, ke kuapo pilina huakai kaapuni i undergone nui nā loli i loko o ka e hiki mai ana.

Ma kēia kaa ma kahi kiʻekiʻe anakahi uila o ka makana, mai kekahi'ōwili hao i kekahi ihoiho. Ma ke kue, ka mea, "hoonui" iho'ōwili hao a me ke kila mea kalaima kukui kēlā me kēia paukūʻolokaʻa. Ano, kahi o ka papa ka hoʻololiʻana hunaahi o kiʻekiʻe anakahi uila ua hana contactless ka hoʻololiʻana o nā coils no haʻahaʻa anakahi uila. O ka holo ana, keia complicates ke kuapo huakai kaapuni, akā, na nā papaha o kēia kaapuni manao ka nui nui no hoi.

Ma kēia kaa me ka pahu kui kiko'ī kuapo e hoʻokele ma kekahi hana nona iho e hooponopono pa alima Hawaii, a me ka onboard kamepiula. Mau kumu hoʻohālikelike a ole wale ua kālailai crankshaft kuapo holo, akā, heʻano o nā mea kiko'î characterizing i ka wahie a me ka coolant, mahana o nā eiiiiiaiou a me ke kaiapuni. Ma muli o kā lākou Ka Ikepili o maoli-manawa, a hoʻololi i hoonoho iho la i ka mea hō'ā kaʻa manawa.

E kuapo hewa

Ka loa, he pono ole mechanical e hoʻokō 'ole' tramblera ua wela i kona hui 'ana: nā lawe lima a me ka kiʻekiʻe-anakahi uila hunaahi hui' ana. I keia i ole e hiki mai (ma ka liʻiliʻi loa,ʻaʻole nui koke), oe e mau nānā iā lākou, a ina ka mea i hana i ka waiho, ia mea pono ke wehe i puka o AEIU a me ke olonā i sandpaper.

Inā hewa lā mea pihana i pili i loko o laua a hiki i ka hui 'ana o ka nalu, a he mea pale mū holapū i loko o ka huakai kaapuni a ka Central kiʻekiʻe anakahi uila'ūholo uila, ka mea, i ke auou caiaiai.

Malfunction o ka lolouila kuapo kauoha ma ka ole o ka Hall mīkiniʻimi lāʻau ikiʻai wale pahu hoʻonui leo ole OIeEOEIeAeEIIe, i ka'ōwili hao pono nō kāu ole e lawelawe, no ka mea, e like me ka kuapo ua e pelu ana nō ia. Ma keia hihia, e like me ka rula, o ka hewa lā pa alima ua wale UAIAaIN ma ka hou kekahi.

Pehea e nānā i ke kuapo?

Inā ka engine wikiwiki e hana ole ana "lana", a me ka mea, i nā wahi ma luna o ka hele, a 'aʻole e holo, e kaha i ke alo o ka hunaahi, mai ka mea hō'ā kaʻa kanaka hoʻouna pili i ka Hall mīkiniʻimi candlelight. E hana i kēia, unscrew ia e komo papale broneprovodov, kau ihoiho ma ka "kaumaha" a me "milo i ka" crankshaft like me ka. Inā he mea ole hunaahi paha ia mea nawaliwali, e pono e neʻe ana i ke kuapo.

Akā, pehea e hoao i ke kuapo? He pono, e hoohuli i ka mea hō'ā kaʻa ma luna a me ka Loiloi ana i ka voltmeter kui kele ma ua deflected. Inā ke kuapo mea OK, a laila ia e deviate ma nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. First pua ninoaaeyao he palapala wahi i loko i loaʻa koe 2-3 kekona, a laila puka mai a hiki i ka hope (palena iki) kūlana. Inā ka pua koke lawe kona hope kulana, e hiki ke ho'āʻo e puku i ke kuapo.

Ai pili aku i ke kuapo

Pehea e hoʻohui i ka kuapo i ka contactless mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōnaehana? Ua hoʻomanaʻoʻia ai ia i kona maʻi hihia ua pili ia e mau kaula i ka maʻi "B" a "K" o ka mea hō'ā kaʻa'ōwili hao, he ekolu-uea mea kaua me ka hūlili - i ka Hall mīkiniʻimi ma ka mīkiniʻimi-kanaka hoʻouna, a he hoʻokahi uea - i "ke kaupaonaʻana". Me ka maʻi "+" i pili i ka pu ki kuapo kaapuni ma ka maʻi "B" o ka'ōwili hao.