Electrolyte pāʻoihana

electrolyte pāʻoihana e kūikawā ke kinowai i mea hapa 'ia' ole loa i loko o ka palapala o ka papa (particles) (Ion). Ke loa kaʻina o splitting na nā lātoma ma ka negatively (anions) a me ka ikaika kauoha (cations) (particles) kapa electrolytic dissociation. Dissociation ma ka pāʻoihana mea hiki wale no i ka hiki ana o na Ion, e pāʻani aku me na nā lātoma o ka Polar wai i hana like me ka'ūheheʻe.

He aha nā electrolytes

Electrolyte pāʻoihana e māheleʻia i loko o koʻana koko a me ka 'ole-koʻana koko. Wai aʻo muli o kona kulana maikai, a ua nui loa he ākea. Ka mea, i loko o aneane na meaola e ola ana, a ua 'Imi' ole i loko o na mea he nui nui liluwelo keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Ole-koʻana koko electrolytes pili no electrochemical keʻano o ka hanaʻana, a me kaʻano o Nine Inch reactions. Lākou hoʻohana ua alakai ai i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o hou Nine Inch ikehu kumu. paani lākou kūlana nui i loko o photoelectrochemical keena, ke aloha hoʻololi kemikala, electrolytic capacitors.

Electrolyte pāʻoihana, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka degere o ka dissociation hiki ke maheleia i ikaika, meakino a me ka nawaliwali. dissociation ka papahelu (α) - o ka lākiō o ka hakina nā lātoma i loko o ka papa (particles) a hiki i ka huina helu o nā lātoma. I ka ikaika electrolytes Alpha waiwai kokoke i 1, ma ka waena α≈0,3, a me ka nawaliwali α <0,1.

Ma ke ano nui ikaika electrolytes nā paʻakai, mau o kekahi mau nāʻakika - HCl, HBr, HI, HNO _3, H ₂ ¶ _4, HClO _4, hydroxides o barium, strontium, kalipuna a me ka mekala 'åkilikai ke hooheheeia. Other kumu a me kaʻakika - electrolyte meakino a nawaliwali ikaika.

Mall electrolyte pāʻoihana

pinepine Education pāʻoihana pū 'oe me thermal' ole a me nā loli i ka buke. Ke kaʻina hana o ka mea hoʻoheheʻeʻia i ka electrolyte i loko o ka loli i wahi i loko o ekolu kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

1. Ka luku ana o Nine Inch makaukau na kaula paa a me ka intermolecular mea hoʻoheheʻe electrolyte pono na koina i kekahi dala o ka ikaika, a laila, wela omo ia lŘlŘ _(iki? H> 0).
2. Ma keia anu u, ka'ūheheʻe hoʻomaka e pāʻani aku me ka electrolyte Ion, kūpono ma ka ho okumu ana o solvates (i loko o koʻana koko pāʻoihana - hydrates). Kēia kaʻina ua ikeia a me ka mea exothermic solvation, a laila exotherm ia lŘlŘ (Δ H _hydr <0).
3. Ka hope ke kahua - maholahune. Kēiaʻaʻahu o ka makana o hydrates (solvates) i loko o ka bulk pāʻoihana. Kēia kaʻina hana pono ka hoolilo ana o ka ikaika, a no ia mea, i ka pāʻoihana ua ho'ēmi _{(palena pau?} H> 0).

Penei, o ka huina o thermal hopena o ka mea hoʻoheheʻeʻia i ka electrolyte hiki ke kākau i loko o ka kēia palapala:

_Sol? H =? H +? H _{hookuu neaa palena pau?} H +

Mai ia, mea makemake e na eiiiiiaiou o ka ikehu 'ole hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka hoailona hope loa o ka huina wela o ka noho male' ana o ka electrolyte kanawai. IeAUPIIe, IAa IO kēia kaʻina mea endothermic.

Waiwai o ka pāʻoihana hilinaʻi nui kuhikuhi ma ke ano o kona constituent eiiiiiaiou. Eia hou, i ka waiwai o ka electrolyte pāʻoihana haku mele 'ana ua alakaʻi ai, puʻe a me ka wela.

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka maʻiʻo o nā mea a pau o ka solute electrolyte pāʻoihana hiki ke maheleia i loa dilute (ma i wale kekahi mau "ko läkou '" electrolyte), dilute (i loaʻa i ka mea uuku nui o ka solute) a i kia (me ka nui electrolyte maʻiʻo).

Nine reactions ma electrolyte pāʻoihana, a i ke kumu ma ka hooholo ia ana o uila pono hiki aku ai i ka hoʻokaʻawale o kekahi mau mea no na nā uila aʻa lolo. O kŰia ua kapa electrolysis, a ua pinepine hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kēia hana. Ma kekahi, ma muli o ka electrolysis loaa Aluminum, hydrogen, chlorine, paʻakai hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, a me ka nui me kekahi mau waiwai.