Ke degere o ka dissociation o ka poe ikaika ole a me ka ikaika electrolytes

Kaʻia "dissociation" ma kemika a me Biochemistry o ka palaho i ka kaʻina Nine Inch i Ion a me radicals. Dissociation - o ka kekahi kŰia o ka 'ona a me recombination, a me ia mea reversible. Laupaʻi manaʻo o ka dissociation ua hanaʻia e like ka nui me ka degere o ka dissociation. Ua loaʻa he palapala inoa α a characterizes ka dissociation naoh i loko o kaʻaʻahu (homogeneous) nenoai e like me ka helu kaulike: CA ↔ R + A moku'āina o equilibrium. SC - he huna o ka hoʻomakaʻia, K a me ka A - mea maikai (particles) a popoi ae like me ka hopena o ka dissociation o ka nui particulate mea. Mai i ka mea, penei i ka'ōnaehana e e dissociated a undissociated (particles). Inā mākou e kuhi ana o ka N nā lātoma disintegrated aʻaʻole disintegrated N nā lātoma, i kēia mau loina hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia quantify i ka dissociation, a he pōpilikia me he pakeneka: α = N • 100 / N a pa alima mahele: α = N / N.

ʻo ia hoʻi, ke degere o ka dissociation o ka lākiō o dissociated (particles) (nā lātoma) homogeneous'ōnaehana (pāʻoihana) i ka loiloi mua dala o (particles) (nā lātoma) i loko o ka'ōnaehana (pāʻoihana). Inā ka mea, ua ike ia α = 5%, ka mea, 'o ia hoʻi i wale 5 mai o 100 nā lātoma o ka loiloi mua nā lātoma i loko o ka palapala o ka Ion, a me ka mea i koe 95 nā lātoma mai i decompose. No kēlā me kēia kanaka waiwai α e makemake ai, e like me ka mea hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka Nine Inch 'ano o ka lātoma, a hoi ma ke ana wela, a ma luna o ka nui o ka waiwai i loko o ka homogeneous'ōnaehana (pāʻoihana), a laila ma luna o kona lehulehu. Ikaika electrolytes, a loaʻa kekahi mau nāʻakika, mau kumu, a me ka paʻakai i loko o ka pāʻoihana loa dissociate i Ion, no keia mea i ole e pono no këia dissociation kaʻina. No laila, no ka mea, i ke ao o ka noi nawaliwali electrolytes, na nā lātoma dissociate i loko o Ion ma ka pāʻoihana eʻaʻole loa.

No ka reversible reactions dissociation dissociation a eia i (Kd), i characterizes ka moku'āina o equilibrium, ua nānā 'ia e ka haʻilula: Kd = [K] [A] / [CA]. Pehea ke degere o ka dissociation mau, a ua interconnected, he mea hiki i ka hana ana o ka poe ikaika ole electrolyte e noonoo. Ma muli o ke kānāwai o ka dilution kukulu a pau Logical a kuhi: Kd = c. • α2, kahi e - lehulehu o ka pāʻoihana (i loko o keia hihia i = [SC]). Ua ua ike ia ma ka pāʻoihana buke V 1 Mol dm3 mea hoʻoheheʻe waiwai. Ma ka loiloi mua ana o ka lehulehu o ka hoʻomakaʻia nā lātoma hiki ke kaheaia ma ka: l = [SC] = 1 / V Mol / dm3, a me ka ion lehulehu e e. [R] = [A] = 0 / V Mol / dm3. I a hiki i equilibrium lākou loina i hoʻololi: [KA] = (1 - α) / V Mol / dm3 a [R] = [A] = α / V Mol / dm3, no ka mea hoi Kd = (α / V • α / V) / (1 - α) / V = α2 / (1 - α) • V. I ka hihia o ka uuku dissociating electrolytes, ka dissociation degere (α) i mea kokoke i ka 'Aʻohe, a me ka leo o ka pāʻoihana hiki ke kāheaʻia ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka ike lehulehu: V = 1 / [SV] = 1 / mau. A laila, i ka helu kaulike hiki e hoopahaohao: Kd = α2 / (1 - α) • V = α2 / (1 - 0) • (1 / s) = α2 • ka, a me extracting ka huinahalike kumu o ka mahele Kd / s, he mea hiki, e hoʻomaulia i ka degere o ka dissociation o α. Kēia kānāwai mea i pololei ia ina α Ua oi aku ka li 1.

No ka ikaika electrolytes i oi kūpono manawa o ka maopopo loa o ka dissociation. Ua Ua loaʻa like o ka lākiō o ka nohoaliʻi nui o dissociated huna i kekahi maoli no paha ka wehewehena o ka haʻilula isotonic kaʻi lau waiwai (i kapaʻia ka van't Hoff ololi, a hōʻike i ka hana oiaio o ka waiwai ma ka pāʻoihana): α = (I - 1) / (N - 1). Here I - Van't Hoff ololi, a N - nui o ka hua Ion. No ka pāʻoihana, na nā lātoma paʻa disintegrated i loko o Ion, α ≈ 1, a me ka hōʻemiʻana nā hoʻohui like o α increasingly mālama i 1. a pau keia ua wehewehe ia e ka pähola 'ana o electrolytes ikaika, a hoʻike i ka neʻeʻana o nā cations a me anions Nyos ikaika electrolyte nā lātoma mea paʻakikī no kekahi mau kumu. Mua, ua hoopuniia Ion ma nā lātoma o ka Polar'ūheheʻe, ka mea, o ua kapaia ka electrostatic AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN solvation. ʻO ka lua, oppositely hoopiiia cations a me anions ma ka pāʻoihana, ma muli o ia i ka hana o ka manao lokahi attraction koa palapala hoa a ion hui. Associates hoi me undissociated nā lātoma.