Etching - ka mea,ʻo keʻano hana? 'ano o ka etching

Etching - he ano o ke akamai wahi, puka kiʻi mai ka cliche hope loa. Panina engraving mea heʻAeʻia mai ka lāʻau, Ka lula ea Ke (linoleum) a me ka acrylic mea, oki ma ka meaʻoki i loko o ka palapala ana i kekahi kumu. Ka helu o nā manaʻo i loko o keia hihia mea i kaupalena '. Etching - he woodcut, i ua ua hanaʻia me ka hoʻohana kūikawā 'enehana he. Ma ka naau o ka etching Print - metala papa, keleawe, kila a kiniki.

etching

Metal papa, billet cliché hoʻokō 'ʻakika ai'. No ka kila hoʻohana nitricʻakika, no ka keleawe - chloro reactant.

Ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia papa o ka pono nui ua anaiia i ka alohi mai, degreased a ua uhi ia me ka kūikawāʻakika-hoʻopale lacquer. Ma hope o ka maloʻoʻana, ka workpiece ua kuluma kāna, a i e ino, a koi hope rework. Ma kekahi mau hihia, i ke kiʻi hiki ke loa pau. Ua pau hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka makemake o ka haku. He nui 'o Puʻohala loaʻa i ka mea e pono ai maikai-tuning o ka cliché, akā, kekahi manaʻo eʻoiaʻiʻo nō, aole ia e pono i ke rectified. Naʻe, i ka iaoiaeii mea,ʻaʻole nui, akā, i ka hope loa hopena. Eia naʻe, etching - he maoli nō i pono akamai nui nā ma e hoomakaukau ai, a i ka makaukau ana o ponoi wahi.

aaioee huakai kaapuni

Ma hope o ka paʻi palapala ma ka hakahaka haku scratched lahilahiʻoi kui kele i nā laina, hemo me kaʻakika-hoʻopale ka penaʻana i loko o ka makemake mau wahi. Pela ka metala i paku ole ia i loaʻa mea kemikala wale ma keia mau kumumanao kahi ia mea e pono ia e ka recess. Makaukau proshtrihovannaya preform ua bapetizo ma kaʻakika, a me ka etching kaʻina huli no. Auau a me ka lāʻau pono e maluhia uhi i ole splashing. Ma keia hihia, ia meaʻoiaʻiʻo, e ventilate i ka lumi, no laila, i ka makani ua ole i kiaʻawahiaʻakika fumes.

Nine Inch lako

Etchings - mea he luna 'kaʻina hana i koi' ia kekahi mau rula e hōʻoia i ka maluhia o ka artist. Ole o aiiay ana ua ole ae. e hoʻohana Nine mea i loko o ka machining o ka mea hao workpieces no etching, e pilikia nui, i ko lakou hopena maikaʻi 'ole ma o ka kanaka kino pono e loa neutralized, a ma ka liʻiliʻi loa minimized. Ma hope o etching i ka hoʻopauʻana o ke pale i holoiʻia i loko o ka wai kahe, a me ka mea hamoʻia HW residues.

Next, ka kūpapakū ua pili i ka inika e hoopiha i ka recess holoʻokoʻa. Oi aku ka inika ua wehe 'ia mai ke alo aku o ka tampon. A laila, etching papa wahi i i ka ua e. Ka pepa ua ikaika loa o Paulo ma ka kumu o ka'aloʻahiʻa paʻi huli pahi a me ka Akä naÿe. Pela, ke etchingʻano hana e leie aku oe, e ho okumu i Nails o kekahi ka manaʻo pohihihi; thinnest laina, curls, kiko kona kiʻi a me nā scratches nana loa organically. Inā i ka helu o ka wahi o nāʻumi a me na lunahaneri, me ka cliché ua i nā holoiia a me ka haalele i Akä naÿe. Ma keia hihia ia mea e pono ai i ke kamepiula update i ka papa, hou uhi ia me ka lacquer, a me kaʻakika-etching e deepen i ka unuhi.

ka paʻi palapala 'ano apau loa

Ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia papa hoʻokō 'kūponoʻia, hou hala pickling kaʻina, hiki nō ke hoʻohana i ka helu o ka manawa. Kēlā me kēia pā o ke pai papa, a i ka etching wahi. Ma ka hapanui o hoopii, keia noʻeau kiʻi. Engraving etching ua manaoia kekahi o ka loa hoihoi 'ano o ke akamai. Ua? Ac? I loko o ke kakahiaka nui 16th kenekulia.

makakū e piʻi like

I ka 1515 huli i keʻano hana o etching ka pena kaulana Albrecht Dürer, i kona mau papa metala etching ho okolohua e noho ana i ka hoʻomaka o ka au o ke olonā i engraving oe. Dürer hui i ka hanaia'na o ka Classic kaha etchings, mau 'ana i kūpono mau i loa i ka hua'ōlelo cia i loko o kāna hana.

Italian pena Parmigianino, unsurpassed haku o etchings, hoala ia i ke ano o ka oiaio nō. Hope, i ka Hōlani pena Rembrandt i loko o nā kiʻi o ka hanana hula o ka malamalama a me ka malu o ka, ma ka hou, hoomaka ae la oia e hana hou-etching, i haawi launaʻole lākou e hehi hohonu.

aquatint

I ka 1765, Palani pena Jean-Baptiste Leprens loaa i ka hou 'ana i kūpono no ka hana loa palupalu nanahe, reminiscent o watercolor. I ka 'enehana a ua kapaia "aquatint". No ka mea mua kiʻi etched contour hoololiia mai Hahai I iaoia nakalyvaniya laila, uhi pale i ka pouli wahi rosin. Papa wela, hehee iho i ka lepo, a uhi iho la i ka ili o ka granular, ahu iho. Bright wahi i hoʻokō 'ia ma ka mau alanui. pinepine Aquatint hoʻohana ma ka hui pu ana, me ka ano pai, he haku i hala o kēiaʻano hana ua manaoia ia Francisco Goya, kekahi o ka maikaʻi-Etchers Artists ma ka mōʻaukala.

Zhak Kallo

Mai ka etching - mea he maalea nō, i nā mea maikaʻi Artists o ka 16-18th kenekulia ho'āʻo ana au e hoao ia lakou iho i loko o ka pilikia 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke. Naʻe, i ukali pūʻia wale nō ka loa loea i ka pomaikai. Kekahi o na haku loa kaulana o etching ke kakahiaka nui 17th kenekulia ua he Palani artist Zhak Kallo. Ke artist hana ma ka 'aka realism kaila, kana mau loa kaulana hana i kekahi hapa o ka moʻo o "ke haiia'ku no ke Kaua", a me ka loa akamai haku o etching kapaia "Hung."

'ano o ka etching

Ma ka 17th kenekulia engravingʻano hana ana ia i loko o iconography. I ka 'elele o ka kula Flemish o ka pena, ka artist Anthony van Deyk, lilo iho la ia i ka lole etcher, hou aku kapu huahelu. etching nō e leie aku e hoʻopio i ka loa maalea nuances o iconic kiʻi.

Kekahiʻano ua i ka ai-kapaʻia nā'ōlelo etching. Ua i aponoia i ka hoʻopuka. ʻaneʻane a pau o na ki i loko o ka buke i paʻi i ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 18th kenekulia, ka mea i hanaʻia i loko o keʻano hana o ka etching. Keia Picture Style ua i ka mea maikaʻi hoʻomākaukau no ka palapala, ai na hana. Oeeo loaa lei a me ka pono hala o Mānoa, o ka moʻolelo. Technically etching haʻalele 'ana ua loaʻa, kŘpa a inexpensive e kiʻi ana, a me ke kiʻi e like ai i koe ma ka pae kiʻekiʻe.

Mezzotint -ʻano o ka hapanui manawa-hoopauia'na, akā, nui loa ka hoʻokō. Ua Ua nānā ana ma ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka nanahe aie i ka "graining" i ka ili o ka cliché. Ka mea uuku recesses haawi roughness i puka hoʻolako laumania nā mahele mai ka malamalama i ka malu. Etchings i loko o ke ano o ka mezzotint okoa velvety richness a me ka malu.

Ka "mua" nānaina - loa noʻeau i nā kiʻi i ua i wale ma ka loa kaulana haku. No ka nui Artists, etching ua lilo ia i ano o ka mākeke, ma i ka mea e hiki ke hoakaka hoʻomaopopo lākou makakū pono kīvila. Ka loa poʻokela kahakaha ana o ka 18th kenekulia ua noʻonoʻo i ka Italia kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Giovanni Piranesi, he mea kākau o na nā kiʻi o Roma cityscapes a me ka Antiques. No emi kaulana Artists o ka manawa, he etcher Giovanni Battista Tiepolo ,, Francisco Goya, Antuan Vatto, Canaletto, Fransua Bushe.

rebirth

Ma ka 19th kenekulia hina iho la i ke akamai o ka etching i loko o naniʻole, ka mea i hiki mai ai ma lalo o ka aoao o ka helehelena o ka paʻi palapala 'ike loea hou ma o ka lei ano. Eia naʻe, ma ka pau ana o ke kenekulia Artists mea kahakaha He kauā a ianoiyuaa a. ole hou ike New etchings i like i ki i ai i ka buke Revised edition, ua lilo piha-fledged hana o ke akamai, noʻeau LIKE i loko o ka pakuhi ka mea. I ke kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia, i aku la lakou ma na mea he nui Palani pena e like me Charles-Fransua Dobini, Kamil Koro a me na mea e ae. He hana kūikawā ma keʻano hana o ka etching a me Parisian Impressionist pena Edouard Manet. Mawaena o na Artists Lūkini engravingʻano hana E ka Haku e Valentin Serov a me Ivan Shishkin. 'Amelika etcher ua Dzheyms Uistler, Kuekene - Anders Zorn ma Kelemania, ma luna o nā kaha hana Adolf Mentsel.