Feudal moku'āina: ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka ulu ana

Feudalism Ku ae la ma ka huli ana o kahiko, a me ka Middle Ages. No ka mea, he ano o ka launa ana o ke kaiāulu kanaka, ke hele mai i loko o nāʻaoʻao. Ma ka hihia mua feudal moku'āina akaka ma ka wahi o ka decomposed kauwawahine moku'āina. It no laila, hiki medievalʻEulopa. Ka lua o ka ala i ke ala o ka hoʻololi mai feudalism a hiki i ka primitive kaiāulu, kahi aliʻi, luna a me na lunakahiko, e ka nui ona o ka noho pilikia kumu waiwai - aina, a me ka holoholona. Like me originated aristocracy a me ka enslavement o kona peasantry.

feudalism Education

Ma ka huli ana i na chieftains kahiko a me ka medieval a me ka tribal warlords lilo na'lii, aha hookolokolo o na lunakahiko i hoohuliia i ka He kokekau wale kōkua, militia reformat ka paʻa poe koa a me ka militia. ʻOiai kēlā me kēia lāhui kanaka feudal moku'āina Hawaiʻi i loko o kona mau aoao, me ka mau, keia mōʻaukala kaʻina ua i ka ia. Uhane a me ka naita ma hanohano lilo kahiko hiʻona, kuahene nui landholdings.

Ia laua i ka mea kua'āina kaiāulu i decomposed a me ka paa ole mahiʻai, e lilo. Ka mea, lilo iho la e kaukaʻi ma ka feudal haku a me ka moku'āina iho. Ke ki hoʻokaʻawale iki ma waena o lakou, a me na kauwa waiho i loko o ka mea ana i ke kalele iho kauwa paha i kā lākou uuku mahiʻai a me kekahi mau kino aʻe.

ka hanaʻino o na kauwa

Like nā palapala i ka pono o ka aina ka feudal fragmentation o ka moku'āina ma muli ma luna o ka loina hooponopono o feudal waiwai. Ua i kükulu 'ana ma serfs a me nā konohiki - ke kaukaʻi o ka mea kahiko ma ka hope.

Ka hanaʻino o kekahi pōʻai ka papa ma kekahi lawe mai ma ka mea o ka muli o ohi o feudal i haehaeʻia (ka mea, ekolu ano o annuities). Keʻano mua i ka hermit,. I ka mea i koiia e hooko aku i ka mahiai i ka helu o ka hana mau lā o ka pule. Ka lua oʻano - he kūlohelohe i? Ieaoa. Me ia ma luna o ke kanaka e pono ai, e haawi aku i ka haku kekahi hapa o ko lakou ohi ana (e like me ka artisan - o nā huahana). Ke kolu oʻano ua dala i? Ieaoa (kala-hoolimalima paha). A lohe kona mau artisans a me kauwa uku i ka haku o ke kālā.

Ke feudal moku'āina i ka nānā 'ole wale ma aneiai akā, no hoi i ole-yeiiiie? Aneiai ka hanaʻino o ka hoʻokaumaha papa o ka heluna kanaka. Pinepine i ninini ia coercion i loko o hamama wale. Kekahi ano i ua heluʻia, a hoʻopaʻa i nā pā kula ano o ka uhaʻiʻana i ke kānāwai. He mahalo i ke kākoʻo mai o ka moku'āina mana o ka feudal haku ana kekahi mau kenekulia, ka wā i ke kulana o ke koena o ke kaiāulu ua pinepine nalu p. Ka Central Aupuni i systematically hoʻokaumaha, a uhi pū i nā nā paʻi hua, hoʻomalu waiwai, a me ka nohona a me ka pili aupuni superiority o ka aristocracy.

Medieval pili aupuni luna kiʻekiʻe

No ke aha la feudal Hawaii o Europa, ua ai hoʻopale ai i na hana nui loa ia o ka manawa? Kekahi o na kumu - he ikaika luna kiʻekiʻe o ka pili a me ka pilina pili. Inā na kauwa hoolohe i na landowners, ka poe, ma ka huli, e hoolohe i oi influential landowners. Ke climax o keia ano o kona manawa i ka hana o ka mō'ī.

Laulea o kekahi feudal haku, mai ka 'ē aʻe ae a hiki weakly centralized moku'āina , e malama i kona palena. Eia hou kekahi, a hiki ina na landowners nui (makualii, helu, makualii) kue i kekahi i kekahi, ia lakou ke hui i kekahi, he pono ole hoʻoweliweli. E like me ia, ana hana waho kaua a me na kaua (i ke kaua ana o nomads ma Rusia, haole 'uao i loko o Western Europe). Penei, ka feudal fragmentation o ka moku'āina, paradoxically, a Wāwahi i ka aina, a kokua ia lakou, e ola mahope aku o ka wahi au i na ino.

Like pono me loko hui, a ma luna o ka mawaho o ka International Arena palena iki kikowaena mana o ke kaa o ka hoihoi ia i ka lāhui kanaka,ʻo ia ka rula ana ka papa. Ma nā mea a pau i ke kaua me ka kokoke aliʻi hiki ole ke hana me ka militia i hele mai i ona lā i loko o ka palapala o ka pūʻulu o kaikaina haku. Mō'ī pinepine hele aku la i ka mea mawaho kue wale i mea e panai ai i na koi ana o kona waiwai. I ke kaua ku e mai i ka kela mau haku hao, a i ka pono, a waiho nunui pōmaikaʻi i loko o ko lākouʻekeʻeke. Pinepine me ke kōkua o ka puali kaua mākualiʻi a me nā Earl hopuia hooponopono ana o ka oihana i loko o ka māhele 'āina.

Auhau a me ka ekalesia

O ka holo 'ana o ka feudal moku'āina ua mau entailed ke anoe o ka moku'āina i hoʻomākaukauʻia. Kēiaʻano papa hana ua mālama mai nā uku haʻakiu mai o ka heluna kanaka, auhau kiʻekiʻe, dute a me na auhau. A pau i kēia kālā i laweʻia mai ke kulanakauhale nā kupa a me ka poe paahana. Nolaila, a hiki ina ke kamaaina wau mea,ʻaʻole e kaukaʻi ma ka feudal haku, ka mea, he e haawi aku i ko lakou mau noho ana i loko o ke aloha o ka poe ma ka mana.

kia kekahi ma i ku i ka feudal moku'āina ua i ka ekalesia. I ka mana o ka haipule alakaʻi i loko o ka Middle Ages Ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka like 'ole a hiki loa aku ka mana nui o ke mō'ī (aliʻi' ole ia Auguseto). Ma ka arsenal o ka ekalesia o ka ideological, ka manaʻo politika a me ka? Aneiai mea, e hoʻohuli i ka heluna kanaka. Kēia hui ole wale, e hoomalu i ko lakou mau haipule Outlook, akā, noho ma koa o ka moku'āina ma ka feudal wā.

I ka ekalesia o ke kū hoʻokahi loulou ma waena o nā wahi likeʻole o ka māheleʻia medieval lehulehu. Nānā 'ole o ina ke kanaka i ke kua'āina, koa a feudal haku,ʻo ia i noʻonoʻo he Karistiano, a no ia mea, e hoʻolohe i ka Pope (ole makua'lii). Ia mea ke kumu o ka Ekalesia i ka ioeaie, hiki i kekahi naita ma ka mana.

Haipule luna kiʻekiʻe excommunicated objectionable a hiki hoole hana ma luna o ka mokuna o ka feudal haku, a me ka mea a ka mea, i ke kaua. Kēia mau anaʻana Ua Ua pono ka hana o ka puʻe ma ka Europa, kālai'āina medieval. Feudal fragmentation o ka Old Lūkini moku'āina i loko o keia ano, he wahi okoa, mai ia o ke Komohana. pinepine nā alakaʻi Orthodox Church e intermediaries ma waena o conflicting a kaua feudal haku.

I ka ulu ana o ka feudalism

Ka loa, he pono ole i ka medieval ke kaiāulu kanaka, kālai'āina nenoaiu ua mō'ī. Emi hui repubalika, a he ano o kekahi mau wahi o Hawaii, Hawaii Rusia a me Northern Italy.

I kakahiaka nui feudal moku'āina (V-IX kenekulia.), E like me ka rula, ka mea, ua ka mō'ī, ma i Kīwala'ō feudal papa i wale e hoomaka ana e lawe shape. He rallied a puni ka mana aliʻi. Ka mea, iloko oia kau i hana i ka mea mua nui medievalʻEulopa Hawaii, a me ke aupuni mō'ī francs.

Kings i loko o kēlā mau kenekulia, he nawaliwali a me ka palena iki huahelu. Lākou mau koa i (nā aliʻi a me nā mākualiʻi) e ike i ka "kaikaina", akā, maoli i hoʻomaha kuokoa. feudal moku'āina ho okumu hoʻoweliweli ma ka huipūʻana me ke kahua o ka panina feudal papa: ke kaikaina naita,ʻo Baron, meakino a me ka nui pakuhi.

I ka X-XIII i wehewehe aku kenekulia ma Europe ma ka pio e-liege mō'ī. I loko o kēia wā, i ka feudal moku'āina, a me ka akau alakai i ka flowering o medieval? Iecaianoaaiiuo i loko o ka subsistence. E finalize i ka fragmentation kālai'āina. Aia i kekahi ki rula o feudal pili "pio e ana o koʻu pio e - i koʻu pio e". O na mea nui landowner i ke kuleana, wale i kā lākou koke haku. Inā aʻe feudal vassalage na rula o kona ma maikaʻi kakali i ka uku, i poʻe hewa nui - kaua.

centralization

Ma ka XIV kenekulia, e hoomaka i ke kaʻina hana o ka 'Eulopa-laulā centralization o ka mana. Old Russian feudal moku'āina i loko o kēia wā i loko o ke kaukaʻi ma ka Gula iā Goga, nae, a hiki no nae ia i hoolapalapa i loko ona i ka paio e unify i ka aina a puni kekahi na'lii. I ka papa kuhikuhiE mau hoa paio i loko o ka fateful confrontation lilo Moscow a me Tver.

I ka Ia manawa i loko o ke komohana aina (United States, Hawaii, Spain) ua mua ka Luna kino: ka Huiia-Nui, ka Reichstag, Cortez. Ke kikowaena aupuni ua i nāʻoi loa, a me ka mō'ī i kia i loko o kona mau lima a pau o ka hou kaiāulu kumu hoʻohālikelike a. King a me Grand Duke hilinaʻi ma ka hoʻokiwikā heluna kanaka, e like me ka mea uuku a me ka haʻahaʻa ano hanohano.

I ka pau ana o feudalism

Nui landowners, e like me ka mea hiki i pale e hooikaika mō'ī. Feudal moku'āina Rusia i ua hoano e kekahi mau koko kanawai kaua, ma mua o ka Moscow aliʻi, ua hiki ke hookupaa i ka mana hoʻomalu ma luna loa o ka aina. Similar keʻano o ka hanaʻana i wahi ma Europa, a hiki i na wahi e ae o ke ao nei (no ka laʻana, ma lapana, kahi la no hoi i kona mau nui landowners).

Feudal fragmentation i kekahi mea o ka hala ma ka XVI-XVII kenekulia. A ma Europe i ulu ka piha aupuni mō'ī i ka piha lehulehu o ka mana i loko o nā lima o nā aliʻi. Luna hana Hookolokolo, ka hikiāloa a me kau i hana '. Ma ko lakou mau lima, he nui 'oihana koa, a me ka nui bureaucratic mīkini, a me na mea a lakou e hoʻomalu aku i ke kahua i loko o ko lākou mau'āina. Class-elele kino lilo kona mua nui. Kekahi vestiges o feudal ana i loko o ka palapala o ka serfdom i koe i loko o ke kauhale a me ka XIX kenekulia.

Repubalika

Kaawale mai na monarchies i loko o ka Middle Ages he aristocratic republics. Ka mea, ua paa nae ka i hoailona ano o ka feudal moku'āina. Ma Rusia, kuai ana o ka repubalika hana ma Novgorod a me Pskov, a ma Italy - Florence, Venice a me na kulanakauhale e ae.

Ka mana i loko o ia no a hiki i ka like kulanakauhale ahalunakanawai, i komo pū 'elele o ka kūloko alii ko lakou. Ka mea nui wale ka pāʻana o no i na poe kalepa, clergy, artisans, a me ka waiwai landowners. Council e kanaka hoʻoponopono i nā kūlanakauhale hana: kalepa, koa, kalaiaina, a pela aku ...

Luna, a me ke keʻena o

E like me ka rula, o ka repubalika i Ua loa uku wahi. Ma Germany ka mea, i ka hapanui hoopaaia i na aina i nā mea a pau, i mea pili loa e pili ana i ke kulanakauhale. I ka Ia manawa, kēlā feudal repubalika i kona kūʻokoʻa 'ana, koi pohō a nenoaiu, i ka pa, i ka pa, o ka poe koa. Ma ke poʻo o ka poʻe hao wale (like ma Pskov a Novgorod) hiki ke kono ia e ka luna.

Ke Lūkini republics i ola ke keʻena o - noa citywide hookolokolo o kanaka, ka poe i Hana me ka lulu popilikia chores (a me kekahi manawa haole) nīnau. Ka mea, ua medieval hoi e pana aku o ke aupuni a ka lehulehu, eia nae ka mea, i ole ana i ke kiekie mana o ka aristocratic waiwai. Aka hoi, i ke ola ana o ka mau pono o okoa nāʻoihana o ka heluna pinepine hualoaʻa ma na kāna hana e lawelawe, a kivila confrontation.

Regional hiʻona o ka feudalism

Ma kela nui 'Eulopa aupuni i kona feudal hiʻona. Avowed'āina nenoaiu o ka pio e ana ua manaoia e ia Farani, a, eia hoi, ma ka IX kenekulia i ka waena o ka Frankish aupuni a pau. Ma Enelani Classic medieval feudalism ua "laweia mai" Noremana lanakila ma ka XI kenekulia. Hope ua ulu keia'ē aʻe ka manaʻo politika a me ka-yeiiiie? Nenoaiu ma Germany. Na kēia kanaka Kelemānia feudalism kūpono 'anaʻalo me ka mea ku pono kaʻina monarchical hoʻohui', a haawi ala i na mea he nui kāna hana e lawelawe (e ku pono ana kekahi laʻana o Farani, kahi feudalism i hana mamua aku centralized mō'ī).

No ke aha la ka mea i hiki mai ai? Ma Germany, alii iho la oia ma ka mamo aliʻi o Hohenstaufen, ka mea i ho'āʻo e kūkulu i kekahi aupuni a me kaʻoʻoleʻa luna kiʻekiʻe, ma kēlā me kēia ma lalo nā halepule a hiki i ka luna hooko. Naʻe, i ole i ke alii i ko lakou mau wahi paa - he paa kumu, i makemake haawi ia kālā kuokoa. Korol Fridrih I ho'āʻo e hana ai monarchic kikowaena o ka'ākau Italy, akā, ma lailaʻo ia i hele mai i loko o kue i ka Pope. Kaua ma waena o ke kikowaena ke aupuni, a me ka feudal haku i loko o Kelemania, he mau kenekulia. Eia hoi, ma o ka XIII kenekulia, ka imperial inoa lilo i koho ma mua o hereditary, losing i ka manawa e noho alii maluna o nui landowners. Kelemania, no ka lōʻihi manawa huli i loko o ka luna 'pae'āina o kuokoa ko na'lii,.

Haʻalele'ākau hoalauna, ma Italy, o ka paa o ka feudalism hele hōʻeleu i uuku ae la mai ke kakahiaka nui Middle Ages. Ma keia aupuni, e like me ka hooilina o ke kahiko koe he kuokoa kūlanakauhale kulanakauhale hooponopono, a e ho'ōla lilo i ke kumu o ka pili aupuni fragmentation. Inā Palani, Kelemania, a Spain ma hope o ka'opi o ka Roma aupuni a pau i massively na kanaka] ma ka aina e poe kanaka ei ma Italy, o ka mooolelo kahiko i i nalowale. Soon, nui na kulanakauhale i lilo i-oaio? A lucrative Kaiwaenahonua kalepa.

The Church ma Italy i ka hope i ka mea kahiko, Donovan aristocracy. Bishop i ai i ka XI kenekulia he pinepine ka ki luna hoʻomalu o nā kūlanakauhale i loko o ka Apennine Peninsula. Mikanele ole o ka Ekalesia i naueue ae ma ka waiwai kuai. Ka mea i hana i ka hookaawale kulanakauhale, hoʻolimalima mawaho luna hoʻomalu, a lanakila kua'āina apana. No laila, puni ua ulu ka loa holomua kulanakauhale i ko lakou mau waiwai, ma nā kauhale ohi auhau a me ka mānoanoa. E like me ka hopena o ka luna o keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o Italy, ua lehulehu aristocratic repubalika i Wāwahi i ke aupuni i loko o na mea he nui a liilii.