Foliated lichens: ka hōʻike, ano, 'ole a me nā hiʻona

Lichens i symbiotic pae o ka fungi, omaomao līoho a me ka cyanobacteria. Ka inoa e hele mai, mai aʻo Kīwala'ō o ka meaola i kā lākouʻano i ka nānā me kekahi ili maʻi, a translates mai Roma me "shingles."

Description symbiotes

Ka mea, hohola iho la mawaena o ka aina, a ua hiki ke ulu like maikaʻi i loko o ke anu kahi pohaku'āina, a me ka wela nahele no hoi ia. Lākou mau waihoʻoluʻu hiki e loa'ōniʻoniʻo: ula, lenalena, keokeo, uliuli,ʻeleʻele, eleele. uaʻAʻole maopopo maopopo keʻano papa hana o ka ho okumu ana o lichens. Akā, me ka pololei, ua hiki ke olelo aku i ko lakou ho okumu loli ana ma Map. Aia crustose, loloa ia, a foliated lichens. Thallus mua e like me ka pńpa, i hanohano malaila a hiki i ka kūpapakū. Ka mea, ua uuku na (2-3 knm), merge me kekahi i kekahi, e ulu ana ma ka ili o ka laau nui ilpko o, pōhaku e hana conglomerates me ke anawaena o ka umi o ka kenimika. Loloa ia - oi holomua meaola i ulu hoʻopapakū, a ua hiki ke hiki mau mika i loko o kona kiʻekiʻe. Akā, i loko o kēia 'atikala, e kūkākūkā mākou i ka lua o ka laha' ana o meaola, i ka nānā aku a me ka 'ole o ka foliated lichens ua like no me ko lakou ano lau o ka laau.

He aha nō ka mall hehee iloko

Thallus a thallus - ia ka hapa o ka hookahi-aa? A multicellular fungi, mosses a me lichens. Inā mākou e like me nā mea kanu, no ia mea, o kā lākou mau keiki uliuli lala. Ke thallus ole paha e lau-loloa ia.

GIFA - filamentary me ka ho okumu, ua like no me ka punawelewele, pūnaewele. He He nunui-kāna mau 'ōlelo a me ka nunui-ke kelepona. A ua manaoia no ka omo o ka mahuaola, ka wai, a me ka pūnaewele hiki ke hoʻohana no ka lālau ana i nā meaola (e laʻa me, fungi Moana).

Kūpapakū - ili i ka i ka mea ua ua hoʻopili. He mea no hoi i kekahi? Aneii aina no kekahi o nā mea kanu a me lichens.

Helehelena foliated lichens

Ke thallus i ka ua hoʻokōʻia kinona, lau-hoʻokino a me ka pa-hoʻokino, i kekahi manawa, oia hoi o kekahi a me kekahi mau māhele. A hyphae ulu ma na kihi a ma ka kahahńnai o ka p ÷ ai. Foliose lichens i ka palapala sloevidnoy papa aia ma luna o ka kūpapakū papamoe ano. Pono thallus palapala hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka ili o ka kūpapakū. He aha hana ia oi pono, me ka b. A makemake nana e like lichen.

Ua ua pili i ka lalo o ka mea, me ke kōkua o ke ao pōkole anei, Aia ma ka waena konu o ka thallus. Sama pā anawaena o ka ole oi 20-30 knm mea he manoanoa a me ka leathery. Shade mea hiki ke ĸokoĸa ana nä pane mai pouli uliuli a lauoho i mea eleele a me ka eleele. Ka mea, ulu loa lohi, akā, foliated lichens iki wikiwiki ma mua o ka mea 'ē aʻeʻano likeʻole. Eia hou, ka mea, ua lōʻihi-olaʻana. Kekahi mau lau e oi aku i ke tausani makahiki. Aia He He pololei pilina ma waena o ka kūpapakū a me ka lōʻihi o ke immobility lichen ola.

'ole

Foliated lichens thallus i mau pae, ma muli o kā lākou i dorsovertralnym 'ole. Ia mea, ka mea, i ka luna a me lalo ili. I ka luna o ka hoʻonaninani 'ole i laumania, i kekahi manawa, uhi me protuberances, tubercles a me cilia warthogs. Ma ka lalo he mau kino, ma i lichen i pili i ka kūpapakū. E like me ka 'ole, e hiki no hoi ia i laumania a ino. He mau wahi mea ole wale palapala akā, i waihoʻoluʻu pinepine '.

Ma lalo o ka microscope, pono distinguishable eha ka papa kuhikuhiE anatomical papa:

• luna bipi;
• limu;
• kāna mau 'ōlelo;
• lalo bipi.

Foliated lichens i loosely pili ana i ka ili o ka kūpapakū, a ua hiki wawe ka kaawale mai ia. Akā, ma waena o thallus a me ka waihona ipu, oia ke airbag. Ua nourishes ka oxygen ma ka hapa o ka lichen, e hali ana mai kinoea kuai, a me ka poʻea pau i ka hoʻomāhuahua a me ka mālama o ka ona mau. Hyphae i pili i ka kūikawā organelles - rhizoid.

Thallus mea he hookahi hoike, alaila ia mea monofilament, a me kekahi mau papa i kapaia o polifilnym. Ka mea hope mai,ʻaʻole he mau wawae hoi, kā lākou kumu ua paa ka uhukiia ana i ka ili, no laila ka mea, B loaʻa ma ka kūpapakū. Ka mea, i mai makau o ka makani, makani pāhili a me nā inclement ka ino. Thallus hiki ke dissected i loko o kekahi, oki ma na kihi, ka mea, ua maheleia i lobes. I kekahi manawa, i keʻano o ka lichen kohu i ka luna 'pūnaewele o ke kaula lole.

E lulu aku hoi

Foliated lichens ulu ana ma wahi, kahi o ka nui nui o ke kimu, e hina ia. Ka mea, hiki wawe ke loaʻa ma kela'āinapuniʻole, a me Antarctica, he anuanu. Ka mea, hiki ke waiho ia i hanau i na pohaku a me na pohaku, ma ka nui ilpko o nā lāʻau a me nā laau uuku, ka limu-uhi kumu, ma luna o ka hale kahiko o ka hale. Ko lakou ulu ana ma na alanui, ma na wahi lepo wai, nahele kihi a me ka maloo kula. Holo nōhie, kā lākou Leeuwerikplein wahi a me nā manawa aie i ka waeia o ka kūpapakū. Ka wā? Aneie hoʻololi iho lichens pinepine hoʻololi 'ana i ke kala kokoke i ka pouli a me ka poʻo. Ka honua meaola ulu ka oi aku luxuriantly, uhi nui mau mea o ka aina. Mau nā reindeer ka limu (cladonia wao kele).

Kind foliated lichens

Ma o ka poepoe honua, hohola mai ma 25 tausani. Lichens. Ina e puunaue oe i ka meaola i ka kūpapakū ia a lakou i makemake e e pili, e hiki ia:

• O ka honua - aia ma ka aina a me ke one (e laʻa me,ʻeleʻele Parmelee, hypogymnia nephroma, Solorina).
• Epilithic - pili i nā pōhaku, pōhaku (Girofora, collema, Ksantor, Tsetrariya).
• Epiphytic - e ulu ana ma luna o nā lāʻau a me nā laau uuku, ka hapanui ma luna o lau a me anei i (Parmelee, Fistsiya, Tsetrariya, Lobar, Candelaria).
• Epiksilnye - ke aupuni 'ma luna o nā lāʻau make, iʻa wale me ka wauke, o ka paia o ka hale kahiko (hypogymnia, parmeliopsis, Ksantor).

Ua pono e hoomanao i ka ua genus e komo i loko o nāʻano o foliated thalli, a me ka loloa ia, a waena 'ano apau loa.

lichen Parmelee

E like me kona maloko 'ole ka mea i like loa me ka launahele alga. Kona ili i e yellow, eleele a me ke alo o ka uliuli, a me ka eleele keʻokeʻo inclusions. Rode Parmelee - foliose lichen, i ka loaʻa o kahi o 90? Ueony, wale i loko o ka palena o Rusia, Ua okioki i māhele nui o ka thallium. Kona kōmi 'ana i nā eʻololī a me ka lehulehu. Ua ulu like pono ma luna o ka nui ilpko o nā lāʻau a me nā pōhaku, ka mea, ke hakuloli i ka haumia hoʻokiwikā huliau. Ke kinona o keia meaola ola mea ai like kēia e hōʻoia ana i ka mea i lichens i hoʻolaha wale ma ka helehelena mea e mau loa ana me pono. I World War II, ka lepo mai Parmelee i hoʻohana 'ia e hooki i ke koko me ka eha. No hoi, ka mea, ua pākuʻi i ka palaoa, e hoʻopale ia mai pests, a hoonui i ka holopapa ola.

Foliated lichens, nona ka inoa i paa ole wale ma luna o ka 'ole a me ke kinona, akā, i ka aura o kaianoho koholā, kūpapakū ike i nui like. He nui o ia i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka meaʻai oihana puolo. Ka mea, ua i kūpaluʻia nui a me ka hipa. Nei he lepo lā e hoʻomano hoʻohana like ai mea hoʻonui aha pharmaceuticals. Tsetrarii, no ka laʻana, hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana o Anati-diarrhea, e hoʻoulu i ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana, normalizes ka digestive'āpana, a me ia mea kekahi hapa o na mea he nui antiviral ai'.