Glycolysis - ia ... Aʻo nā kumu o ke o monakō koko'okesaside

Ma keia 'atikala mākou noonoo i au mamuli o ka aerobic glycolysis, kona keʻano o ka hanaʻana, kālailai i ke kahua a me nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. A nana aku i ka anaerobic 'okesaside o ka monakō koko, aʻo e pili ana i ka evolutionary ka hoʻololi 'ana o ke kaʻina hana, a hooholo kona liluwelo manaʻo nui.

He aha ka glycolysis

Glycolysis - o kekahi o na pepa ekolu o ka monakō koko'okesaside kaʻina kahi'okesaside kaʻina iho ua pu ma ke kala o ka ikehu, a ua waiho ia ma ka NADH a me ATP. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka glycolysis mai monakō koko lātoma hua mau nā lātoma o pyruvicʻakika.

Glycolysis - he kaʻina hana ia i wahi ma lalo o ka aoao o kela liluwelo catalysts - nā'ūhū. I ka papa kuhikuhiE oxidant ka oxygen ma - O _2, nae, na keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka glycolysis hiki ke hoomau aku i loko o kona wa e kaawale aku. Kēiaʻano ua kapaia glycolysis - anaerobic glycolysis.

Glycolysis kaʻina hana i loko o ka wa e kaawale aku o ka o oxygen

Anaerobic glycolysis - monakō koko'okesaside ke kahua kaʻina hana ma i monakō koko ua ole oxidized hoakaka. Ua ano kekahi lātoma o pyruvicʻakika. A me ka hua'ōlelo o ka ikehu, glycolysis wa e kaawale aku o ka o oxygen (anaerobic) Ua emi ka hoʻokō. Naʻe, ke komo ana o oxygen i loko o ka halepaahao i anaerobic'okesaside kaʻina hana paha e huli i ka aerobic, a kahe ana i loko o ka piha palapala.

maomeka o glycolysis

Ke kaʻina hana o ka glycolysis - he eono-kalapona monakō koko decomposition pyruvate like elua ekolu-kalapona nā lātoma. Ke kaʻina iho ua maheleia i loko o 5 kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ka la hoomalolo, a 5 kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao, ma i ikehu ua waiho waho ma ATP.

Ke kaʻina hana o ka glycolysis 2 kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka 10 kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao e like penei:

• Ke kahua me 1, ke kahua 1 - monakō koko phosphorylation. E like me ka hiki i ka hora aono a hiki i carbon'Ātoma o ka monakō koko ia iho saccharide ua ho'ā 'ia paha ma phosphorylation.
• KaʻAnuʻu Hana 2 - Isomerization o ka monakō koko-6-posapahate. Ma kēia kahua catalytic fosfoglyukozoimeraza ua kokoke mai monakō koko i loko o fructose-6-posapahate.
• KaʻAnuʻu Hana 3 - Fructose-6-posapahate, a me kona phosphorylation. Kēiaʻanuʻu o ke kahua o ka fructose-1,6-diphosphate (aldolase) ma ka hana o ka phosphofructokinase-1, i accompanies phosphoryl pae mai adenosine triphosphate a hiki i ka lātoma o fructose.
• KaʻAnuʻu Hana 4 - o ke kaʻina hana o splitting ka aldolase e lilo mau triose posapahate nā lātoma, o eldozy a me ka ketose.
• KaʻAnuʻu Hana 5 - triose a me ka isomerization. Ma kēia kahua, glyceraldehyde 3-posapahate ua hoouna mai ai i ka mea mahope kapuai o ka splitting monakō koko a me ka dihydroxyacetone posapahate i loaa mai ma ke ano o ka glyceraldehyde-3-posapahate ma ka'ūhū.
• KaʻAnuʻu Hana 2, ka anu u 6 (1) - Glyceraldehyde-3-posapahate a me kona'okesaside - ke anu u ma i ka lātoma mea phosphorylated, a oxidized i 1,3-diphosphoglycerate.
• KaʻAnuʻu Hana 7 (2) - kauoha e hoolilo posapahate hui i ADP 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. I ka hope loa huahana o keia kahua i na kahua o ka 3-phosphoglycerate a me ka ATP.
• KaʻAnuʻu Hana 8 (3) - ka hoʻololi mai ka 3-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate. Kēia kaʻina hana i wahi ma lalo o ka aoao o mutase'ūhū. A elue o ka Nine Inch naoh o ke alo o ka makanekiuma (mg).
• KaʻAnuʻu Hana 9 (4) - 2 fosfoglitserta dehydrated.
• KaʻAnuʻu Hana 10 (5) - ma PEP a ADP Neʻe phosphates mai ana i ka hooholo ana o ka mua kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ikehu ua hoolilo e fosfoenulpirovata me ka ADP. I ka naoh koi he potasiuma ion (K) a me ka makanekiuma (mg).

Mutated ano o ka glycolysis

glycolysis kaʻina hana hiki e ukali ma nā hanauna o 1,3 a me 2,3-bifosfoglitseratov. 2,3-phosphoglycerate i alakaʻi ai liluwelo hōʻeleu mea hiki ke hoʻi ia, a hoʻoneʻe glycolysis i loko o ka palapala o ka 3-phosphoglycerate. Ke kūlana o kēia nā'ūhū e lauwili, e laʻa me, 2,3-bifosfoglitserat i loko o ka hemoglobin ke kumu no ka oxygen e hele aku i loko o ka'aʻaʻa, e pono ai dissociation a me ka hoemi O _2ʻo Solomona a me erythrocytes.

He nui koʻohune hoololi i ke kinona o ka glycolysis ma na kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao, hoemi i ko lakou huina helu, a me ka hoololiia'na ia ma lalo o ka aoao o ka likeʻole nā'ūhū. A uuku hapa o anaerobes loaʻa 'ē aʻe ano o ka carbohydrate hoʻololi iho. He nui thermophiles e loaʻa wale 2'ūhū o ka glycolysis, ua enolase a me ka pyruvate kinase.

Glycogen a me ka pia, disaccharides, a me na ia a pau o monosaccharides

Aerobic glycolysis - he kaʻina ano a me nā 'ano o ka carbohydrate, akā, ua hōʻike hewa ia mea hoʻomaopop' ana i ka pia, glycogen, ka hapanui disaccharides (Muñoz, galactose, fructose, sucrose, a me na mea e ae). Na hana o kela ano keia ano o ka carbohydrates ku una pahuna i hoʻomakaʻia ikehu, akā, i ka i Kekahi Mau 'i oko a kona manao, hoʻohana, a no laila, ma luna o .. No ka laʻana, glycogen amenable glycogenesis ana ma ka oiaio, Ua fosfoliticheskim maomeka pahuna ma hoʻomakaʻia ka ikehu i loko o ka splitting o glycogen. Ka loa ia glycogen hiki ke waiho i loko o ke kino e like me ka papaʻa ikehu kahi. Ke'ōlelo mai, no ka laʻana, monakō koko, loaa i ka palaoa, akā,ʻaʻole metabolized ma o ka lolo, a ua loaa ma ke akepaʻa, e e hoʻohana i ka deficiency o ka monakō koko i loko o ke kino, e mālama i ke kanaka e ku e ia mea hoʻolako 'ole' homeostasis.

Meaning o glycolysis

Glycolysis - he kū hoʻokahi, akā,ʻaʻole i ka wale 'ano o ka'okesaside o ka monakō koko i loko o ke kino, aeea like prokaryotes a me eukaryotes. Glycolytic nā'ūhū i ka wai-wailana. Naoh glycolysis i loko o kekahi mau nā'aʻaʻa a me aeee hiki wale i hoʻomaka ai ma kēiaʻaoʻao, e laʻa me, ma o ka lolo a me ka ake keena, nephron. Other ano o ka'okesaside o ka monakō koko ua i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kēia mau nā loko. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole i ka mea hookahi hana o ka glycolysis. No ka laʻana, momona a me ka ake'aʻaʻa i digestion extract i ke kupono substrates no ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka monakō koko mai ka momona. Ua nui na mea kanu e hoʻohana glycolysis i ke ala e hiki ai i ke kumu nui loa o ka ikehu? Iecaianoaaiiuo.