He aha ka taxonomy ma kālaimeaola? Kālaimeaola: Plant systematics

Anei oe e hoomanao i ka kālaimeaola haʻawina "Systematics a me ka Mea Maluna o ola meaola"? Inā ole, laila mākou 'atikala o ia no oe. Mākou e kiʻi ike i ke kumuhana o keia 'epekema a me ka elaborate ma luna o nā pūʻulu o nā mea kanu a me nā kumu ma luna i ka mea i hui.

He aha ka taxonomy ma kālaimeaola

Ke 'ano o ke ola meaola ma ka Honua mea wale, heʻe piʻoloke ihola. Pono hoi i noonoo ai, i loko o ka wā kēia 8,7 miliona? Ueo ike i kaʻepekema. Ka mea, i na mea a pau e ke Kumu Oréal kaianoho koholā, mai ka wai kino a me ka lepo i ka parasitic ola ana i loko o ola meaola. No ka mea, ua i ka 'epekema i hiki ka hōʻoi' ana i kēia 'ano, a nui Nohie i ke kaʻina hana o ko lākou mau mahele manawa.

He aha ka taxonomy? Ka hōʻike ma ka kālaimeaola, a me ka likeʻole pomaikai i haawiia i na wehewehe o kēia manaʻo. Mākou, e kālele ana ma luna o ka loa kūlike loa. Systematics - ka 'epekema o ke' ano a me ka Mea Maluna o ka noho meaola. Ma Greek keia inoa ua unuhi like "pololei".

Ka mua ho'āʻo 'ē aʻe meaola ka nānā' ana ma luna o kekahi mau kailaʻae, a Ho'āʻo Aristotle Theophrastos. Nolaila, i mea no ka taxonomy ma kālaimeaola, iʻikeʻia i loko o ka honua kahiko.

I ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka taxonomy ua manaoia e ia i Kuekene nä känaka 'epekema Karl Linney. Ua i ka mea nana i hoʻolauna i ka 'epekema a papalua paha aeaie, nā inoa o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. A hiki i kēia lā, i ka mokuna o ka Mea Maluna o ka helehelena. No ka laʻana, kala popela, nini, he pono ole plantain.

Aupuni o ke 'ano

Systematics - he waeʻano ma kālaimeaola, a hiehie ka meaola i loko o nā pūʻulu o ka like 'ano. Ka mea, i kapaʻia taxa. Ka mea uuku o kēia mau mea i ka ike, a me ke kiekie loa - aupuni. Ma waena o ia ma laila i waena taxa. No ka laʻana, he mea kanu o ka genus, ohana, mea, ka papa a me ka puunaue.

He elima aupuni o ke 'ano:

• Mea kanu wehewehe aku autotrophic ala lako, i ka alo o ka launahele pigment chlorophyll ma aeee hiki o kāʻamaʻai, pili I Aloha Hawaii kona palena ulu.
• Animals ma ke ala o ka ai ana i heterotrophic, 'Imi hoʻoneʻe, ulu ma ka nui wale i loko o ka kekahi wā.
• Fish - he pūʻulu o meaola, a ninoaaeyao he palapalaʻoihana ma waena o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Ua hiehie i nā hiʻona o nā aupuni. No ka laʻana, e like mea kanu, e pili fungi Aloha Hawaii. Pela ka mea, hānai hoomakaukau ai me ke aloha 'ona e like holoholona.
• Koʻohune - hookahi-aa? Microscopic meaola i e ole i hoopuka ia i ka nucleus.
• Nā mea hoʻomaʻi - 'ole-ke kelepona hele ola' ano apau loa. Mau nukeleaʻakika nā lātoma i hana, hoopuniia ma ke kumuʻiʻo kapa.

Kālaimeaola, Papa 6: taxonomy o nā mea kanu

Ano, he kokoke nana i ka Mea Maluna o na elele o ka laau aupuni. Ua ike mua ia e like me ka taxonomy ma ka kālaimeaola a me ka mea kūikawā hiʻona i kūlana 'elele o keia Aupuni. He aha pūʻulu ua kaʻawale i loko o ia?

Kālaimeaola a me taxonomy o kiekie mea kanu i manaoia elua: lalo a kiʻekiʻe. ka mua pūʻulu o kēia mau mea kanu mai e hana i nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko. O nā mea a pau i ka līoho. 'O kēia ka loa primitive mea kanu, i muaʻikeʻia ma luna o ka Honua.

E like me ka mea, e komo i ka aina hoomaka mea kanu, e hana i nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko. Ole ia, i ko lakou ola makemake e hiki ole i loko o ka hou 'ia. No laila, i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka evolution o kekahi mea kanu kiekie ae.

lalo mea kanu

He aha ka taxonomy ma kālaimeaola? Ua mea no hoi he 'epekema e leie aku, e hoomaopopo i ka papa kuhikuhi ano hiʻona o ka meaola. No ka mea kanu i mau - mea autotrophic ala o ka ai ana i ka lalo - i ka wa e kaawale aku o ka hana kūikawā keena. No ka līoho, ka mea a pau i ka mea hookahi 'ole. Alu ka mea wale anatomically, akā,ʻaʻole functionally.

ka līoho kino i kapaʻia nā hua'ōlelo "thallus", "Slano" a me "thallium". A me kahi o na aa ka mea, i rhizoids. Ka mea hiki e hookahi paha multicellular a me ka koloniala. Ma waho o ka pigment chlorophyll, ka līoho keena e komo make o nā waihoʻoluʻu. Ke kaumaha ma muli kilakila keia oihana o ka omaomao, ulaula a me kaʻeleʻele, gula līoho. Akā, 'elele Diatom hoopuniia e ka iwi o ka silica i. ka mea, ua hana ma puka pūnao.

Higher: ka mea ano hiʻona

Ka mua nā meaʻeʻe moku i ka aina, aole i loaa he maoli'aʻaʻa. Ka mea, noho iho ia rhizoids, a me ka pakele mea ana papamoe, a me ke'ō manamana. Ma ka evolution o ka mea kanu ola mau lala o ke kino i loaa i ka vertical kulana. Ua 'oi aku ka nui ka hoʻokō rula no ka hanana o ke kāʻamaʻai. No laila, i loko o kiekie ae kanu ka hana kūikawā keena a me nā'aʻaʻa - me mechanical, lawelawe, uhi a me Kora naʻEsau.

Nā hoa loa primitive o keia pa alima i systematically spore. Lākou kēia 'ano i na poe e eha māhele: Moho-, Plauno-, Hvosche- a me ka'amaʻu. Lākou, he pono ole hiʻona i leafy 'ole o ka pakele, nā'ōlelo ma ka mea o spores, alternation i loko o ke ola kalapona o ka moe, a asexual hanauna.

Aʻano o ka hua

More holomua hiʻona o ka 'ole i hua kanu. Ka inoa ia'ōlelo e pili ana i kekahi o na aoao o ko lākou mau'ōlelo. Na anoano, ma Akä naÿe i ka hoopaapaa, i nui lako o ka mahuaola. Ka mea, he hoʻonui i ka oi efficient germination a me ka ulu ana o'ōpiopio mea kanu.

I loko o keia hui, he mau systematics Oihana: gymnosperms a me angiosperms. Me ka Poeikohoia o ka mea mua i spruce, tidara, kaʻa, lāʻau iunipera, kinkgo, Welwitschia. Lākou mau hua hoʻomōhala ma luna o kaʻohana unahi hāmama, hānau. Kēia hiʻona e hoʻoholo i ka inoa o ka taxon. Gymnosperms mai e hana i pua a me ka hua, ka hapanui o ka i nā evergreen.

Angiosperms, a flowering kanu, i ka pae ana o mea kanu, a ma keia manawa kūlana 'he Hoʻohakuʻoihana ma luna o ka Honua. Mahalo i kekahi mall nā hiʻona o kēia hiki? Mua o nā mea a pau, ka mea, o ka alo ana o ka pua, ae hana i na generative hui, kēia hana, ma a ka waʻa fertilization. hua i hana i loko i ka hua e hoʻomōhala ana i like me ka hopena o keia kaʻina. Kēia 'ole i nā palekana i ka adverse rula, maikaʻi' ana a me ka hāʻawi 'ana i mea kanu.

No laila, i loko o kēia 'atikala nānā mākou i ka mea a ka taxonomy ma kālaimeaola. He He 'epekema e hoʻoholo i ka oihana o ka meaola i loko o ke aloha honua'ōnaehana ma muli o ka' ole o kekahi mau hiʻona.