He aha nō nā mea kanu? A pūʻulu o ka mahi mea kanu ma laila?

Nature ka loa like, he mau miliona o ka laha 'ana o nā' ano o nā meaola e noho ana i loko o kekahi kihi o ka Honua. E like me ka taxonomy, ka mea, ua māheleʻia i loko o nā aupuni a pau: 'ole-ke kelepona hele, a ke kelepona. Ka mua nā wale nō nā mea hoʻomaʻi, a me ka lua o ka pūʻulu, ma ka huli, lawe pū nā kāʻei kapu: prokaryotes (meaola kona keena pihaʻi me nuclei, o archaea a me koʻohune) a me eukaryotes (ka nucleus mea makana). Kama'āina iā mākou holoholona a me nā pua a pau a hiki i ka lua o ka ano. Eukaryotes i maheleia i elima aupuni: chrome, protists, holoholona, fungi a me nā mea kanu. Ua mea e pili ana i ka hala, a e e kūkākūkā i loko o kēia 'atikala.

Ke kūlana o nā mea kanu

Ole ia he mea hiki ole ia i noonoo ai i ke ola ma o ka Honua. Mea kanu hana nui i hana - o ka kāʻamaʻai ma i i oxygen ua Hawaiʻi. He manawa a hiki i kēia mau meaola, i ka Honua i ka lewa lilo mea, ua ike no ia i keia la - me ka maʻiʻo kiʻekiʻe o ka o oxygen, a'okikene kolu mea poepoe, ka pale 'ia mai nā palapala' ole o ka ultraviolet pāhawewe.

Ka mea, i malama like nui he kumu o ke aloha mea. Mea kanu hiki e mai la oia i ka "hanai" i ka Honua a pau, no ka mea, i loko o kekahi ai kaula, ka mea, i ka mua loulou.

ʻepekema Mea Maluna

Kēlā me kēia kānaka e ike i ka mea o ka mea kanu, no laila, e ka hoʻomaka a me ka mea kā lākou 'epekema Mea Maluna ia mākou noonoo.

A pau o ia e māheleʻia i loko o nā nui pūʻulu: kiekie ae, a malalo. Ka hope nā līoho (eha oihana: ulaula, eleele, uliuli a me ka uliuli-uliuli). Higher mea kanu nāʻeono māhele: lycopsids, Horsetail, hohola iho la ka limu,'amaʻu, gymnosperms a me angiosperms (flowering mea kanu). Mea Maluna o ka mea kanu, ua like penei: Front - papa - mea - 'ohana - genus -? Ueo.

I ka moolelo o ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i mea kanu

A laila, he aha ka mea o ka mea kanu, mai ka manawa kahiko hoihoi nui kanaka - nā kānakaʻepekema, a e hana personalities.

Kapaia o ka "makua kāne o ka botany" hewaʻiʻo ka mea kahiko Helene nä känaka 'epekema Theophrastus, e noho ana i loko o 370-285 makahiki. BC. e ka. He ua kekahi o ka mea mua, ka poe i hoomaka ai e makaikai i ke kumuhana ma luna a ma laila nā mea kanu. D. He i hookaawale ai ia i loko o kekahi pūʻulu e like me ko lākouʻano, flowering manawa, a no laila, ma luna o.

Nō hoʻi, he nui study hou pili i ka mea kanu, alakai aku ia Roma haumāna Dioscorides. He noho i loko o ka mua kenekulia BC. e ka. He nona hana, a wehewehe i ka waiwai o ma kahi o eono lau nahele.

Ke nä känaka 'epekema nana i hana i ka Mea Maluna mua o nā mea a pau meaola e ola ana, ua Karl Linney. Kona ola ana, mai 1708 a hiki i 1778 ma kana hana "Systema Naturae" a me ka makana mea ma luna a ma laila nā mea kanu. Flowering oia systematized ma ka helu ana o stamens i loko o ia mau mea.

I poʻokela noiʻi, ka poe i hoolilo i ko lakou hana kanu ao, ua Augustin Pyramus de Ka Candolle (1778-1841). He nona hana "Precursor maoli nō aupuni'ōnaehana", a wehewehe ma kahi o 60 tausani o okoa? Ueo.

No hoi i na makana nui i ka 'epekema i ia e Adolf Gustav Heinrich Engler (1844-1930), ka mea i komo i loko o ka hana o ke kanu Mea Maluna. He waiwai na hana e like me ka "maoli oihana o ke kanuʻohana", "nō hoʻi aupuni", "Program o flowering kanuʻohana" i, ua hanaia ma ka huipūʻana me nā botanists. Ka mea i hoakakaia ma ka au mamuli a pūʻulu o nā mea kanu i. Ma waho aʻeo ia ka Mea Maluna, Engler kekahi hoʻoili phytogeography. Kinohi mai ua ikeia no kāna hana i loko o kēia hana i ka "Land mea kanu" i ka umikumamalima puke, a me ka "World o East Africa kanu, a me ka puni."

E aʻo e pili ana i keʻano papa o nā mea kanu

Kēlā mea kanu 'Oihana ua maheleia i papa. Lycopsids i wale i ka hookahi ana o ka mea hookahi inoa. By Horsetail pili ka papa equisetopsida. E halii mai i ka limu maheleia i sphagnum, leafy, Andreeva, politrihovye, tetrafisovye, takakievye mosses. Ka 'amaʻu Oihana kikowaena ka eponymous papa a me ka salvinievye a me ka psilotovidnye. Gymnosperms alu ginkgovidnye, sagovnikovye, gnetophyta a me ka tidara paha conifer.

Classes o flowering mea kanu: dicotyledons a me monocotyledons. Kēia nā ka hapanui o ko mākou mau flora. Ka mua papa nā ka papapa maka, Rosaceae, birch, walnut, kaʻuala, wilou, mamalu, e like me na mea he nui 'ē aʻe lākou poʻe'ōhua. Ka lua - lilia, orchid, cereal, maiʻa, onion, iris, loulu a me kekahi poe e ae.

Mea Maluna o ka mea kanu ma ka 'ole o ko lākou vegetative wahi

Mua ma keia rula, he ekolu pūʻulu: mauʻu wanawana, ka nalu a me na laau. Ano, hiki ke maheleia i ka mea kanu iʻehiku ola-ano apau loa. Keia mauu, succulents (loa fleshy anei i, i pihaʻi me nui dala o ka wai, i kēia mau nā cactus, Aloe, kalanchoe, agave, etc.), kumu waina, ka nalu, laau uuku, laau.

Other ano o ke kanu Mea Maluna

Ka mea, i hiki ke maheleia i loko o ka moʻomeheu, hihiu a me ka nāhelehele. Mua - ua mau mea kanu a i ulu ma ka ke kanaka no kekahi hana, ka mea hiki ke systematized no hoi. Ike noiʻi NI Vavilov kākau ai e pili ana i mea i ka pae o ka mahi mea kanu ma laila. Keia kumuhana He hana hoihoi, a he nui na mea e ae. Mahi kanu hiki ke maheleia iʻumikumamākolu nā pūʻulu. Ma ia E e kūkā mai ma lalo nei.

No laila, a pae o ka mahi mea kanu ma laila?

• Inulinonosnye. Mea kanu i pihaʻi me ka polysaccharide i kapaia "inulin". Keia waiwai ua hoʻohana 'ia ma ka oihana lapaau, a ua hoʻohana' ia e like me ke kō pani no diabetics. Kēia hui nā dahlia, chicory, Ierusalema artichoke.
• Zhirnomaslichnye. O lakou na mea kanu i i hoʻohana no kekahi mau mea kāhinu,. Mau D. nā pua nānālā, sesame, rapeseed, safflower, a no laila, ma luna o.
• Food: sochnoplodnye, ka lāʻau tverdoplodnye a me juicy anoano. Kēia hui nā ohia, na ohia, plums, apricots, i nā hua waina, currants, hazel, kamako iki, lāʻau pāma, a no laila, ma luna o. D.
• Kumuʻiʻo. Mea kanu me ke kiʻekiʻe kumuʻiʻo maʻiʻo ma ka hua. Kēia soy, peas, ka papapa maka, lupins, nā legumes.
• Krahmalonosnye. He kuhikuhi uala, palaoa, ota, hua palaoa, buckwheat, raiki, millet, rai, sorghum, uhi, uala.
• Puluniu. Mea kanu i mea hoʻohana no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o filaments. Keia pulupulu, hemp, olona, jute.
• Ke kōpaʻa. Kēia pūʻulu nā wale naʻu, a me ka beets.
• Nō. Keia kamako, kaʻukama, squash, eggplant, peppers, cabbage, carrots, radishes, celery, parsley, kālika, onion, eggplant a oi.
• Noho haumāna kahi a me ka narcotic. Kēia kī, kope, cocoa, paka, poppy a me na mea e ae.
• E hanai. O nā clover, turnips, turnip, rutabaga, alfalfa.
• O ka laholio. Kēia hui nā Hevea, awaawa, dandelion, milkweed.
• Wood 'enekinia, a me ka pharmaceuticals. O nā eucalyptus, cinchona, ʻohe.
• Nani Loa. Kēia pūʻulu nā laholio mea kanu, Roses, Maple, kekahi laha 'ana o Fern, a pama, iʻaneʻi hiki e ke koko, a me nā houseplants.

Ma mea i mahi mea kanu, hiki ke aʻo mai i ka puke Zhukovskogo P. M. "mahi kanu a me ko lakou mau hoahanau," i kākau 'ia ma 1964.