Humanities a me ka hoopaapaa e pili ana i kona kūlana ma ka iwakalua kenekulia

Kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka oiaio, mahalo i loko o ka iwakalua kenekulia, haawi ala i ka pilikia a me ka mea hou antinomy. Ka loaʻa o ka psychoanalysis kōkua hoʻololi ia, mai ke ano o ka lapaau ana ma ka philosophical a me ka manaʻoʻike ana o ka pilina ma waena o ka manao a me ka unconscious ma ka ke kanaka. Pragmatic kokoke loa i kahi wawahi i ka hana kuʻuna hoomaopopo ana o ka oiaio, no ka mea, ka mea i manaoio aku i ka oiaio o kekahi kumumanaʻo o kona "nona iho no ka hana", i ka mea ana i ia mea pono i loko o ka hoao ana. Akā, i ka loa hanohano i ke akeakamai o ka 'epekema a me ka' ike loea, a i kau ma ka naʻau o ka mea kauoha ma ka Str global pilikia. Ka e hina ai ma waena o nā kula likeʻole o ka manaʻo i nā humanities.

Analytic kālaiʻike i categorical rationally-scientistic kūlana. I aku la oia i ka 'epekema ka ike o ka wale hiki. Logical positivism, na poe e Russell, Carnap, ka poeikohoia o ka Vienna Circle hoʻohana i ka nakeke o ka makemakika kūpili, e hana i kekahi kūikawā 'ōlelo. He Ua manao i ka hana wale nō me ka verifiable manaÿo. Mai ia mea mea hiki ke kūkulu i ka pahuhopu nei Logical nā hale i i "hiki tolerate" like theories. Ua mea akaka i ka mea kahiko humanities ma keia wanaao oia mea, e like me ka mea, ma ke kua. Akā, i ka ole a pau. Ka pähola 'o "' ōlelo pāʻani" Wittgenstein a me kona mau ukali i kākoʻo 'ia i ka incompatibility o maoli, a me ka makemakika ka hoʻopaʻi' ana a me ka " 'epekema o ka uhane."

Loa maopopo keia au ua hoikeia i loko o ka manaʻo o Karl Popper. He noʻonoʻo i nā humanities wale nō pili a me ka pono hoole aku ia lakou i ka pono a hiki i ke kumumanaʻo. I ka mea kākau o ka "hamama ke kaiāulu kanaka," ma muli o nā kumu. Mua, i kekahi systematization i loko o ke aloha kekahi i kekahi poepoe mea, ua pilikino, a me ka lua - ka 'epekema iho mailoko o "holism", i hana ia e hōʻike i nā kūʻikena a me ka imi i kekahi ano o ka ole-existent ano hoopono. Eia hou kekahi, ka mea i irrational. Nolaila, Popper hooukaia mai ma luna o nā Kekahi Mau 'a pau o keia wahi o ke kanakaʻike. Humanities - hoopiiia mai i ka poe akeakamai - intellectually irresponsible. Ua Ua nānā 'ana i irrational manaʻo a me nā kuko i hunaʻi, puunaue me ka paa ole kūkākūkā.

Naʻe, i keakea ole iaʻi lakou a pau kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana, a me ka hiʻona o ka mea e ku pono 'ana ma muli o ka humanities. Kēia hoʻokokoke i hana i ka maka o ka iwakalua kenekulia,ʻaʻole ka liʻiliʻi loa, i Popper. Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka philosophical hermeneutics o Hans-Georg Gadamer. Iʻaelike ai i na kino a me ka kanaka 'epekema fundamentally oko ma ke ano o ka hoohalike ana, ka mea, ua i manaoia poe akeakamai io a me ka maikaʻi? Acaeoey. I ka makemakika, ke kālaikūlohea, kālaimeaola kumumanaʻo ua hana e like me ka hoʻomanaʻo. A me ka mea hope kupu mai ka ike o ke kānāwai a me kaʻaʻahuʻoluʻolu (causal) loulou. Eia hele mai i ke kūlana o ka humanities mea i kā lākou oiaio mea kokoke i ka maoli ola, i kanaka a me ko lākou mau manaʻo. No ka pähola 'o maoli ka hoʻopaʻi' ana i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea - ka mea, hoʻopili like me na olelo. A no na humanities, e like me ka mōʻaukala - ke kihi i maopopo ka wā o ka pā o ka hanana iho lawe ae la i kona koloka.

Gadamer kekahi o ka mea mua, e hoʻi i ka maikaʻi 'ia nā pōpō manaʻo o ka "mana". Kēia ka mea i ka " 'epekema o ka uhane," He aha ka mea, i. Ma keia wahi, ua hiki ole ke ike me ka kōkua o ka mua, a no ka mea, kauoha Radio kūlana loa nui ka ai no mākou. Mākou rationality ua wale kōkua ia makou iho, e koho i ka mana i ka a mākou hilinai. A me ka moolelo i mākou ma hope. A mea keia ke kuikahi o ka hala a me ka makana i ka kūlana o nā humanities.