I ka nui o ka Penza wahi: i ka nui a me ka pa apŘ

Keia wahi ua aia ma waena o ka Volga a me Don muliwai, ma laila nō ka Volga, Black Honua a me Central wahi, a no ka mea, i ka heluna o ka Penza māhele ka loa heterogeneous. Ano o kona hooponopono, e hōʻike i ka palapala kulana i waena o ka puni mau mea. ʻOiai ka maoli a me ka climatic rula, ia mea i 'ano like ia Black Honua, o ka heluna o ka Penza māhele kahakai āu e e oi hoʻokiwikā, a me keia pae mea nui oi aku ma mua o ke kokoke wahi - ka Tambov a me Voronezh'āina, a me ka Saratov a me Ulyanovsk - wahi emi mahope. A pau i loko o ka Penza māhele mea hale i ka 1.341.526 ke kanaka e like me Rosstat (2017), o ka a - 930 004 kanaka i loko o ke kūlanakauhale.

hiʻona

Ke hoʻokiwikā heluna o ka Penza māhele mea emi mai o ke aupuni awelika, akā, kona heluna kanaka ua kiʻekiʻe o mahuahua: i ka makahiki 1990, noho ma hoʻokiwikā wahi a me kanaono-ekolu pakeneka o ka heluna kanaka, a ma ka 2005, ano kanaono-kumamaono. Keia, o ka papa,ʻaʻole maoli hoike o urbanization, e malama aneane wahi ia tendencies, no ka mea, i ke kula, ua losing kona heluna. Like pono me ka hapanui o Lūkini wahi, i ka wahi o keia monocentric. Ke hoʻokiwikā heluna o ka Penza māhele o ka hapalua i kia ma ke kapikala o ka hapalua o ka miliona. He meakino i loko o ka nui kulanakauhale o Kuznetsk - hanalima kikowaena a me Zarechny - iao?, Hope Hoopaa iho la ke kulanakauhale o Rosatom (CATF Penza-19). Ke koena o na kulanakauhale (o ewalu) - tiddly, oi ma mua o ka hapalua o lakou, i na umi o na tausani o ka poe noho i ole.

Nolaila, ua hiki ke olelo aku i ka hoʻokiwikā heluna o ka Penza māhele (me ke koe nae o ka ekolu ka papa) e lawelawe ai kalaka nui-kua'āina Aloha Hawaii, e like me hoʻokiwikā aeuiiai ieaia? Mea, aole i nawaliwali na wahi a pau. Eia hou, nā kūlanakauhale, a me Penza, i ka umi makahiki hope kona kupa e lilo. Kēia mea eloquently helu o ka Penza māhele. Over a pau depopulatedʻuʻuku kūlanakauhale (i ka iwakalua pakeneka o ka heluna kanaka i nalowale no makahiki) no ka mea, perestroika hina no ka nui, e like me na wahi'ē aʻe, i ka aneiai ke keʻena o kā lākou hana kumu o ka meaʻai hana a me ka mīkini hale. ʻO kēia māhele 'āina kikowaena, a Zarechnyi ka paʻakikī i ka malama i ka manawa'ōpio wale nō' ole, akā, he mea uuku heluna kanaka ua hooho ae.

kekahi mau 'ikepili helu

Ka nui nuʻa o ka Penza māhele 'āina kokoke loa i ka awelika i loko o Rusia (Europa hapa o ia),ʻaneʻi kanakolu-nā kanaka no huinahalike kilomika o. Suburban wahi densely na kanaka]: i ka elua haneri a me kanaono Penza, Kuznetsk - kanaono-ehiku kanaka no huinahalike kilomika o. Ka hema? Eou - mahiʻai, a no ia mea, i ka huina o ka umikumamalua kanaka no huinahalike kilomika o. I ka nui o ka Penza māhele ulu iki ma muli o ia nā kānaka eʻe'āina, akā, i emi iki wikiwiki, no ka mea, kanaka, mai ka'āina e waiho ole wale ma Penza.

Nupepa hooponopono Ua wehewehe aku ma ka nui a me ka meakino-pepa paia noho, a Kīwala'ō i loko o ka Black Honua. He mea iki mitigates ka pilikia o ke komo ana o kua'āina kanaka i ka walaʻauʻana nā lawelawe kaiāulu e. Eia naʻe, ma kahi o umi hapahaneri o ka lehulehu, iaono? O ka Penza māhele 'āina i loko o nā makahiki nalowale. Kaumaha o ka hoʻokele waiwai o nā 'āina, a, me ia i kaʻilihune, ka hana pilikia pahu aku ai kanaka mai o ko lākou wahi i noho ai. Ma ke ala, i ka poʻe Polenekia outflow, a hiki hou mai ka hoalauna, kona wahi Ua like hoʻokele waiwaiʻike ākea, a kahi kanaka i ka mea haʻahaʻa makahiki - ma Mordovia, Ulyanovsk a me Tambov wahi. Ke ana o kekahiʻano hoopaa mńlie: heluna outflow i nā wahi, kahi uku luna, e mahuahua wale.

pilikia

Ka hapa nui o nā mea a pau, i ka heluna o ka Penza māhele poino mai i ka nele o nā lawelawe kaiāulu e i ka 2017. Aia He nui oi nui depopulation, a me ka poe oo hoi o ka heluna kanaka, ma mua i loko o nā mea a pau nā wahi a pau o ka Volga māhele. Ka oi aku e kaumaha ana i kēia pena i loko o ke kula. Ehia na kanaka i loko o ka Penza māhele 'āina e ia i loko o elima - heʻumi makahiki, ina oe e ole lawe drastic ana ia,ʻo kanaka i kēia mau momona aina? 'Ikepili helu pono scary.

Ka uku o ka loa haʻahaʻa. Hanahana loa recession lulu iho la ia i ka wahi a pau, a me ka kaumaha i ole i hala kekahi hana (oi loa - i paʻi 'enekinia,), a ma ka mahiai. i No nohona hoʻohiki ai i ka heluna kānaka i, no ka hana i prevalent i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa. I ka nui o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana i haule iho me ka nui loa, palapala hōʻoia no mālama'ʻaneʻane ou i loko o kua'āina wahi.

hiki pomaikai

Ua i loko o nā makahiki e hoomaka ana i ka nuʻu mua a me kekahi nohona pomaikai. Kēia mahuahua ma ka waiwai kūʻai i loko o ka 'āina' 'ole o ka hoʻokele waiwai, no laila, i ka ulu ana o ka waiwai kūʻai o ka heluna kanaka ua manaoia e e kiʻekiʻe. Maoli ai, eia kekahi hana i loko loa ano climatic rula: keʻanoʻaneʻi i hanaia i mea e hoʻoikaika i kekahi aina, mahiai. Keia, o ka papa, iki hoopalupalu mai la i na rula e ola ana o ka poe hune i loko o kā lākou shortage o nā kumu waiwai. Ma kekahi hihia, no ka emi ana huʻi hoʻoweliweli 'o ka pololi. Eia hou, ma keia aniau o ka lawelawe maʻi i ole pela, he pono ole.

O ka palena o ka aina i ko lakou mau mōʻaukala hooulu ana i ka oihana a me ka oihana-oaio? A, mai ka umikumamahiku kenekulia i ka ua i ka ola ana, noho mālie a me ka lōʻihi. Eia naʻe, HI i ole i pai mai ai, e like me ka māhele 'āina ua koho ia e like me ka lōʻihi-elemakule a me ka depopulating. I ka hanau ana o kekahi o ka loa hana nui i loko o ke aupuni, a me ka nohona ma ka palaho i kela mea nui maluna nationwide. Ke maoli emi ma ka heluna kanaka o ka Penza māhele - kekahi pakeneka o ka makahiki, i ka oi palua luna ma mua i loko o ka aina. A i loko o ka elemakule kauhale make hiʻohiʻona mea weliweli nui - iwakalua-nā pakeneka! Mau hea e haawi loa ana i ka influx o ka heluna kanaka i loko o kēia wahi, a ma ka mea mau makahiki i hala iho nei, hana o aku o ka honua, ka mea pono, ua nee aku no ia.

Neʻekau a me ka hopena

Penza heluna iki rejuvenated hoomaikai aku i ka influx o nā kānaka eʻe'āina, akā, ke hoole mai oia ma kona ano maoli nō kiʻekiʻe. Make nei i lalo, ma mua o ka kua'āina wahi - wale heʻumikumamāhā, a me ka hapalua pakeneka, akā, i ka hanau ana, aole ia i manao e paipai ana ma kekahi aoao, ka mea, ua nui haʻahaʻa ma mua ia i kākau i loko o ke aupuni - emi o ewalu pakeneka. No ke aha la i keia ahaʻia nei? No ka mea, i kēia kaʻina ka hoʻomaka 'ana mai o ka Soviet au, i ka wa opiopio poʻe haʻalele i ke kula. I ka makahiki 'ole o ka aina me ka a pau i like me nā mea a pau i ke kokoke wahi me kā lākou kiʻekiʻe pakeneka o ka kūpuna heluna.

Iloko o ka iwakalua kenekulia, ka mea, hele aku la ia maiʻeleʻele paʻa Polenekia outflow. A laila, hele mai perestroika, a me ka hanau ana, ua undergone he nui emi mai ka makahiki 1985 a hiki i 2005 o ka like ana o ke keiki emi mai ma ka aneane i ke kolu. Ka mea, ua 22,5%, a ua 14,6%, i mea kokoke i ka wahi o ka meaʻino nā hoailona. Ho'ēmi i keiki wale nō i loko o ka Nizhny Novgorod māhele 'āina. Naʻe, i ka helu wehewehe puʻe ka loa kiʻekiʻe,ʻeono haneri a me ka iwakalua kanaka mea e hiki ke hana i kekahi tausani hiki-kino puʻipuʻi heluna.

ola expectancy

Neʻekau outflow hoʻonāwaliwali i kekahi mau mea i loko o ka ulia nineties, nae, o ka influx o nā kānaka eʻe'āina i loko o ka Penza'āina ua haʻahaʻa, hoʻowahāwahā i ka nui maoli a me ka climatic kūpono a me ka loa haahaa lilo o ke ola. I ka wā o ka stress Polenekia, mai ka Moscow aina pau, Penza māhele 'āina i hou hoʻomaka' ana e lilo heluna - i loko o ka mua huahelu.

Ua makemake mea i loko o keia aniau, ola expectancy e e kiʻekiʻe. A i 'ole ma ka liʻiliʻi kokoke i na mea a pau-Russian - kanaono-kumamalima, a me ka hapa makahiki. Naʻe, i kēia aka, ma ka Akä naÿe i ka mea kū i loko o ke aupuni, ua hoemiia. Me ka longevity i loko o ka Penza māhele mea,ʻaʻole he pono. Pakahi aku la ia haʻahaʻa ola expectancy no na kanaka ma ka kua'āina wahi - i ka 2005 ka mea, ua like me kanalima-eono a me ka hapa makahiki. Ke kumu - he nui degere o marginalization o ke kauhale.

National haku mele 'ana

kanaiwa-kumamalima pakeneka a oi o ka heluna kanaka i ka Russian Black Honua e mai. Naʻe, i ka Volga māhele 'āina i loko o keia manao ka nui waiwai, no ka mea, ua aia ma ka huina o ekolu lāhui wahi - Finno-Ugric, Turkic a me Slavic. ʻO ka lāhui i haku mele 'ana, ua like a me ka multifaceted. Ma ka Penza māhele oi ma mua o kanawalukumamāono nā pakeneka o Lūkini, ke koena ka hapanui - Tatars a Mordvinians. A me Shemysheyskom, Sosnovy Bor a me Neverkinsky District kēia mau aupuni ma mua o Lūkini heluna.

E like me ka helu 1989 ma ka wahi i noho ai Belarusians,ʻaeʻa, Iudaio, Azerbaijanis, Ukrainians, Chuvash, Armenians, kēia kanaka Kelemānia, Chechens, Uzbeks, Lezgins, auamo, Kazakhs, Avars, Tajiks, Mari, Udmurt, Turkmen, Kyrgyz, Lithuanians, Latvians, Komi a me na Helene - a pau na nationalities o ka helu ana o tenths i-haneri, o ka pakeneka o ka huina heluna kanaka. Eia hou, ka mea, ua noho ihola i laila mea i olelo hoopomaikai, e like Mordovians, Tatars a me Chuvash.

Hoʻokele waiwai, hana

E like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokele waiwaiʻeleu ka heluna o ka Penza māhele no hoi, aole e hōʻike maikaʻi nā hualoaʻa: 66%ʻaneʻi, a ma ka aina - 64% awelike ka noho. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i loko o mua makahiki 'ole, a māhuahua ka like ana o ke kua'āina heluna kanaka, ma kahi hana mea kiekie, a me ka mea maʻamau kuai ana i loko o ka mahiʻai kaiaulu ua,ʻaʻole i hanaʻia,ʻaʻole wale nō i ka 2005, a me kēia lā haʻalele ia e makemake nui lākou.

I ka helu ana o lakou ma ka hanalima kaiaulu no kaʻumi makahiki a hiki i 2005, emi mai ka nui ma mua o ka hapaha. Ke manufacturing hana e oi intensively losing kona cadres, eia nae ke? Iecaianoaaiiie ka leo iki ala. A pau i kēia hoonaukiuki i ke kahe o ka hana i loko o ka hana kaiaulu, akā, ma 'aneʻi, ua hele loa lohi ke kaʻina. kuai kaiaulu hoomahuahua ae la lakou e he kanahiku pakeneka i loko o kēia mau makahiki, akā, i kēia aka mea i piha noonoo ike maopopoʻaʻole paha: 'ikepili helu hiki ole lawe mooolelo o ka hana i ua ole i kakau. Naau wahi me ka nui ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o ka hana a me ka haahaa ka uku o ka poe hana mau ulu oihana a me nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa hana.

loaa o ka heluna kanaka

I ka makahiki 1999, oi aku he kanahiku pakeneka o ka heluna kanaka o ka Penza māhele maʻiʻo me ka uku o nā mea haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hoʻokumu palena iki subsistence pae. Ia mea ke kumu o ka māhele 'āina i lilo i ka loa problematic o nā mea a pau i ka Lūkini Hui. Ikaika aneiai downturn i alakai i ka kiʻekiʻe pae o kaʻilihune, ae kūʻaiʻia ka mana o ka noho 'makahiki kona i loa haʻahaʻa, a me ka mahiʻai, i hoohana ae la o ka loa nui hapa o ka heluna kanaka, ua uku mau uuku.

Ma nā makahiki, ka ilihune ana, ua hoʻemi iki. Aka hoi, aupuni 'ikepili helu hōʻike umikumamaono pakeneka ola ma lalo o ka ilihune laina, a ma ka Penza māhele mea nui maluna o ka pakeneka, ma iwakalua-ehiku pakeneka. Ano, ua lilo aneane mohala i ke koena o ka wahi o ka Volga māhele i ka wahi o nā hoailona.

lapaau

Nā hoailona ma ke kahua pono ole i ka manaʻo ola. Life expectancy ua nō emi. TB mea hiki wale mai a me ka make, ua emi ma mua i loko o Rusia me ka a pau, akā, he mea nui ma luna ma mua o ka helu o ka make, mai mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko maʻi, i mea hoi no i ka poe oo hoi o ka heluna kanaka. Keiki make nei mai i loko o ka nineties ua haʻahaʻa ma mua o nationwide kii, akā, i loko o ka makahiki, a ua lilo keia lanakila Penza māhele 'āina. Aia he mau makahiki i ka wa a keia me kona hiki ole ke hoohalikeia i kekahi'ē aʻe māhele o ka aina.

Hoʻomohala a me ka loaʻa nui o ka 'inikua lawelawe i loko o ka wahi - ano laulā, he hoowahawaha aku ai. Eia ka ka haahaa lako o ka 'inikua limahana - kanakolu-ehiku kauka no he umi tausani heluna kanaka, i ka mea, he kanaono-walu o ka aina o ka wahi. Wale ma Penza keia aka ma luna - kanaono kauka no he umi tausani kanaka. I ka loihi? Eou maopopo leʻa paakiki nele o ka mālama.

ho okumu

Hoʻonaʻauao poepoe, he, ma na aoao ma ke kua o ke kokoke wahi. Wale umikumamaono pakeneka o ka heluna kanaka mua ma mua o umikumamawalu makahiki o ka makahiki i ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe. A me ke aupuni awelika ma ka helu 2002 o heʻumikumamāiwa pakeneka. Mawaena o kua'āina kupa o ka Penza māhele o ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe i ehiku wale pakeneka. Hoʻonaʻauao ma ke kula, ua nawaliwali, mai ke kokoke kulanui-oaio? A - Saratov a Samara - entrants pulls.

Ma ka Penza māhele o elima moku'āina kulanui, akā, me ka mea ulana pukapuka, lala mea underdeveloped. hoʻonaʻauao lawelawe market ua ole e ulu ana, no ka mea, o ka heluna kanaka i oi haʻahaʻa liʻiliʻi iā ia. Haumāna i loko o ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe he nui loa, akā, i ka waihona ipu, he loa haʻahaʻa. Ua Ua lilo nui emi o Vocational hoʻonaʻauao kulanui.