Iaaiey. Pōʻaiapuni a me ke koho

Na mea a pau'ē mea like i loko o nā algorithms hana.

Flowchart pōʻaiapuni aiao

Pōʻaiapuni me aiao i ka palapala flowcharts (nae ka mea i luna ua hōʻike mai iā ia). Eia ka he Nohie hui 'ole.

XIX. Olelo i na mea kiko'î o ka pōʻaiapuni

Pōʻaiapuni a me na mea kiko'î a kauoha i kekahiʻano o ke kaiapuni.

• LIKE LIKE a me ka palena wā mawaena ( 'ole. E. Iskh.peremennaya palena 1 a me ka palena 2) pono e pili ana i ka ia ikepili type. Inā he mea wale nō hoʻokaulike ma waena o ka loiloi mua a me ka hope aiee o ka Hoʻohana, a me ka kūmole ee iaaanu aey, ka polokalamu e hele incorrectly no ka mea, o ka palena e e hoopahaohao oukou ma ka loiloi mua aiaoʻikepili type.

• pono ia i ke 'ano o kaʻikepili mea e pili ana i ka aiao loina i ka helu. Ua UaʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana i ka maoli type.

• Hoʻololi i ka mea nui i loko o ka loop iskh.peremennaya max mea undesirable. I ole ia, i ka mea hoʻohana hiki apuepue malama Track o hiki ka wahaheʻe ikea.

• Haʻalele nā 'ano o nā pōʻaiapuni, i loko o ka No ... a hiki i ... hana a No ka ... downto ... e koe i hiki ole ke hoʻololi i ka holo ana'ē aʻe ma mua o 1.

Turbo Pascal: pehea e kiʻi mai o ka loop

Pinepine, aia nā pilikia ma a he mea he loop, oa. E. ke ano ka manawa oiaio. E hookani i ke kaʻina hana kōkua i loaʻa mai o ka pōʻaiapuni me ka precondition, postcondition, aiao. E. ko lakou oihana ua 'ōlelo prematurely.

Pōʻaiapuni me aiao ma Pascal (iaaiey i komo ai ka "mau loa"ʻoiaʻiʻo kūlana) hiki ke pani ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i hoomau. Eia ua hoʻonohonoho i ka hana like penei: ka papa iteration o kakahiaka nā kūlanaʻelua kona hooko, hooponopono ua hala aku i ka kekahi hui, akā,ʻaʻole mai o ka loop.

Haʻalele i ke kaʻina hana no mea e pono ai i ka mea e hoʻokō 'ia i ka' oihana o ka ua ālai 'ia i loko o ka polokalamu kuhi. Ua Ua kauoha ae la i loko o ke kaʻina hana (papa) a ma ka ia manawa, o ka hana ana o keia "apana" ua koke 'ōlelo. Inā Haʻalele i ua aia i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE mokuna, a laila ia e hoʻokanaka e.

Oopa ke kaʻina hana no ho'ēmi i kā ka pae'ōnaehana rula o ka kēia: piha hana polokalamu welau.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka hana i ka olelo hooholo

Ka mea hoʻohana e e pono keia mau mea ma hope o këia i ke kumuhana "pōʻaiapuni me aiao ma pascal 'examples mua aʻo, a laila, hana kākau i ke kuhi oe ia oe iho. Simple hana kōkua wā e hiki mai programmers e aʻo i ka pähola 'i loko o ka hanaʻana, a laila, pili ia ana. Ma "pōʻaiapuni me ke koho" examples o pilikia a me ka hooholo ana, e hiki ke loaʻa oluolu a me ka pilikia. Eia nō ka 3 mau hana, a ua hana me ka hana a me ka algorithms i wehewehe a me ka manaʻo i nā manaʻo.

Pahuhopu 1

Ua haawiia elua-dimensional kaua o integers ma ka laulā [0..199], wae randomly. E huli i ka helu o nā huahelu-nā huahelu nona ka huina o nā huahelu mea he mau o ka 2.

Ke algorithm mea:

1. E hana i kekahi mau-dimensional kū'ē.
2. E hōʻoia i kēlā me kēia helu no kaʻaeʻana me ka mea ma lalo nei:

he) ina 9

b) koho i ka lua o ka huahelu helu ma ka māheleʻana i ka mod;

c) e waiho iho i ko lakou anao? aou helu;

d) puunaueia e ka hoʻoholo ma mua dala mod 2;

e) ina o ka hopena, ua like ia 0, i ka ee ua yi e 1.

hana 2

Ua haawiia he hoʻokahi-dimensional kaua o ka helu hehee wale. E huli i ka helu o ka maikaʻi loa.

Ke algorithm mea:

1. E hana i ke kaua o integral hehee wale ho okumu ia ma ka randomize.
2. Ka pōʻaiapuni aiao e kau i ka conditional hoakaka ina, a e kaha i ka haawiia mai hehee ai, e hālāwai me ke kulana X> 0.
3. Inā ke ano ua hoomaona mai la oia, i ka ee ua yi e 1.
4. Ma hope o ka pōʻaiapuni e hōʻike 'ana i ka kūpono helu waiwai.

ʻikepili ma parenthesis,} mau manaʻo. Ka laina 11 ke hōʻike 'ia ma ka pale i ke alo o nā aoao: e haʻalele kekahi ma waena o nā helu e līkaia no i kela a me keia hehee ai o kekahi mau helu o ke keena (i loko o keia hihia, kā lākou 5).

I ka laina 12, e mahuahua ka ee iaaanu aey ee hiki no hoi i ka mau aoao: kekahi i ka kekahi palapala waiwai, e hui aku 1 a me ka mea maʻamau i ho'āʻo Inc. hoʻohana

hana 3

Kuaiia huinahalike'ōpū mai. E huli i ka helu o ka maikaʻi hehee wale i ka mea ma luna o ka papa kuhikuhiE diagonal.

wehewehe:

Ke kaua a nui loa ka papa kuhikuhiE diagonal kŰlń ao mai ka luna hema i lalo akau. A kūikawā hiʻona o ka mea, o ka mea ia o ka lalani, a kolamu indexes i ka ia. Nolaila, hoʻokahi kalapona hooponopono lawa e hoʻoneʻe i nā lalani me busting na kumu mua i koe.

Ke algorithm mea:

1. Hana i kekahi huinahalike'ōpū mai.
2. Hāʻawi i ka ee iaaanu aey kuleana no ka helu o ka 'oluʻolu hehee wale, i ka waiwai "0".
3. Hana i kalapona e hana i kekahi huinahalike'ōpū mai.
4. Hoonohonoho hōʻoia kalapona kūlana: ina ka helu mea ma luna o ka papa kuhikuhiE diagonal> 0, laila, ua yi ke ee ma 1.
5. Ma hope o lā palena pau o ka pōʻaiapuni ma luna o ka pale no ka hōʻike 'ana i ka waiwai o ka ee iaaanu aey i hale kūʻai i ka helu o ka maikaʻi hehee wale.

Confrontation ma waena o nā 'ōlelo iaaiey elua: C a me Turbo Pascal

E like me ka rula, pakiko-no programmer ike mau 'ōlelo. No ka laʻana, ka mea, e ia C ++, Turbo Pascal, Delphi, Iawa, a no laila, ma luna o. D. Confrontation ma waena o ka mau o ia i ka hoʻopuka i ka 80-ies. (C a me Turbo Pascal). I ka pau ana o ka iwakalua kenekulia, e like me ka kaua i malamaia ma waena o C ++ a Iawa.

Ma kaʻike kamepiula makahiki o ke kakini iaaiey 'ōlelo ekolu, eia ekolu loa luku mau, kona kū'ē e ku i ka manaʻo nui o ka cyberspace: Algol 60 a me Fortran, Pascal, C, Iawa a me C ++. O ka holo ana, i kēia mau manaʻo i pilikino, akā, i kekahi manawa a me kekahi i kekahi o ka hui i ka alihi kaua. Kēia i aie i ka hana e pono ai, a me ka nele i kekahi mau lako polokalamu huahana. Ma ka 70-ies. "Alii iho la oia honua" Fortran, ma ka 80 - Turbo Pascal, ma ka 90 - C ++. O ka papa, i kekahi o ia "make". Kaupalena naʻe, ka mea e iho i loko o Ka Uluwehi O Ke lako polokalamu me nā huahana.

Ma ka like o ka iaaiey 'ōlelo oe e hai i kekahi Halaman ano like Ka Mooolelo O. Penei, pōʻaiapuni me aiao ma C e like i ka like hale ma Pascal, koe wale no kekahi mau minute.

Interestingly, na haku polokalamu o Turbo Pascal (Old World) pomaikai, mai Aey? Acaeoey o 'Amelikaʻepekema, oiai i loko o ka New World ua' Imi hoʻohana i ka hopena o Europa noiʻi likeʻole. Ma Europa, ua koi na haku polokalamu i ka nui loa o ke aku a me ka compactness o iaaiey 'ōlelo, a ua haliu mai i ko hou i ka hoʻohana' ana o ka hou-fangled LIKE ma ka palapala kuhi 'Amelika manao.