Ike kālai'āina na kii o Rusia (i ka papa)

ʻO wai ka mea kūkulu 'ia? He He kanaka hana ma ka pili aupuni haʻawina ma ka 'oihana kiʻekiʻe. Ka mea, ke manao nei i loko o ko lākou mau lima i ka colossal mana. He nui no ia e hele mai i kēia kahua ma ka ulia ole no i kekahi noho ana. Oia na kii no manawa ka hoʻomakaʻana e noho ma ka niche i loko o ka hoʻokele o ke aupuni. Eia naʻe, he mau kanaka e noho ana nā loea kālai'āina, mai ke Akua mai. Ka mea, i kuʻu mai ia me ka kūikawā 'ia paha o nā' ano, e like me ka pono me charisma, no laila, na nā paʻi hua o na kanaka ia lakou iho koho ia e like me ko lakou poe luna, e mai i pono ai i ko lakou hopena a me ko lakou mau lima makaukau, e hahai aku ia lakou a hiki i ka hopena. Hope i loko o ka 'atikala, ua hōʻikeʻike i kekahi mau papa, a e komo i mau kii o Rusia, pū i loko o ka moʻolelo.

XVI-XVII kenekulia

A hiki i ka 16th kenekulia, Rusia ua he mahae ma waena o nā aliʻi, a hiki kela mea keia mea o ia e noʻonoʻo i ka pili a me ka moku'āina alakaʻi o kona manawa. Eia hou, i ka aina o ua hala loa he lōʻihi manawa ma lalo o kaʻauamo o na komohewa. I ka hoʻomaka o ka 17th kenekulia, kanaka hoʻoneʻe mai ke kanaka i manao e hoʻokū i ka kanaka e kaua i ka "occupiers". No laila, i ka luna o ka aina liberation neʻe o ka mua kālai'āina na kii o Rusia. Eia na inoa o kekahi o ia mau mea.

• Kuzma Minin. Eia naʻe, ka mea kiko'ī lā o kona hanau ana i na mooolelo ma laila, akā, ka mea, ua i ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 16th kenekulia. He He He aupuni meʻe a me hoʻokuhikuhi o ka aina liberation paio.
• Prince Dmitry Pozharsky (1578-1642) - collaborator Minin ma ka hoʻolālā o ke aupuni militia. Kia hoʻomanaʻo i nā kiʻiʻelua emblazoned ma luna o ka Red Square.
• Akā, i ka luna o ke kua'āina Kaua o 1670-1671 makahiki o Stepan Razin (1630-1671), ka Cossack Ataman lalau i na nā paʻi hua e ku ei ka tsarist? Eia. Eia he laʻana o medieval Lūkini kū'ē.

Pili huahelu o ka 19th kenekulia Rusia

Iloko o ka noho alii ana o Petero i ka Great ka kaikamahine Elizabeth a me kāna kaikamahine Anny Ioannovny a me Ana II a me kana keiki Paul I, ua nui koʻikoʻi huahelu i loko o ke aupuni. A pau kēia mau kii o Rusia ka pilina i ke kūpono 'ana o ko lākou aupuni.

Ka mua i loko o ka papa inoa o ka mea nui kanaka, malia paha, e ia i ka inoa o Aleksandra Vasilevicha Suvorova. I kekahi o ka mea nui loa koa alakaʻi o ka aina, oia, aole lilo i ka kaua.

Prince Dmitry Golitsyn (1734-1803), he kaulana diplomat a me ka haumāna, kokua aku i ka pono o Rusia ma Farani, a me ka Netherlands. He ua hoa ia me ka Palani akeakamai e like me Voltaire.

LIKE o Ana II

O i ike ole ia i Ekaterina Velikaya hele mai i ka mana i loko o ka hale coup. Kekahi o kona organizers ua he kokoke ÷ ino o ka wā e hiki mai Empress - Alexei Orlov (1737-1807). Kaawale mai ia ia i ka noho alii ana o ke alii wahine i'ē aʻe Lūkini nā loea kālai'āina, ka poe i ua hoʻokumu 'ia, i ke aloha a hiki i ka lokomaikaʻiʻia mai o ka haku wahine o ka moku'āina. Lākou mau inoa: Grigory Potemkin, Sergei Saltykov, Michael Miloradovich, Grigory Orlov, Alexander Yermolov Alexander Lansky, Ivan Rimsky-Korsakov, Piotr Zavodovsky, etc. He paʻakikī, e helu i na punahele o Ana II, akā, aneane kela mea keia mea o lakou, i kekahi ole ma kaʻikepili. aupuni i loko o ka kekahi wā o ka manawa.

Ka mua revolutionaries

Iloko o ka noho alii ana o ka Queen o ka hoʻoili kekahi o ka loa naauao manaʻo o ka manawa ua Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radischev (1749-1802). E holumua ai a me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni manaʻoʻo ia i mua o kona manawa, koiʻo ka abolition o serfdom i loko o ke aupuni. LIKE o kona mau manaʻo, ua hoʻokahuli aupuni Russian Nikolay Ogarev (1813-1877), haku mele a me ka essayist, e like me kona mau hea ka hoa Herzen, Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876) - he theorist o anarchism, a ua hapa o ka 'ōlelo Palani, Kelemānia a me Czech kipi o 1848-1849 .
Lākou mau "hoa paio" hiki ke kapaia Alekseya Arakcheeva (1769-1834) - ka pāhemahema Tsar Alexander I.

Ma ka 19th kenekulia, koʻikoʻi kālai'āina na kii hiki ole ke kapaia Sergei Witte (1849-1915). Kona na makana no ke kūpono 'ana o ka moku'āina hiki ole ke hoohalikeia me kekahi mea. Oe ke olelo aku i ka hoomaikai i kona kū hoʻokahi, ke manaʻo o ka aina ua i ka lele nui i mua.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka 20th kenekulia (mālama '-hoʻokahuli aupuni manawa)

Me ka hoouka kaua ana o ka iwakalua kenekulia i loko o Rusia ma ka Arena kālai'āina i hele mai i ou wahi lihi iki o ka aoao, ka Mensheviks, ka Bolsheviks, ka Octobrists, ka Social Revolutionaries, ka Social Democrats, populists, etc. maoli ai, na luna o kela a me keia o ia hiki maʻalahi e ka papa inoa o "Na nā loea kālai'āina o ka 20th kenekulia Rusia (e hoomaka ana). ".

Iwaena o lakou, i ke koʻikoʻi loa, huahelu ua George Plekhanov (1856-1918) - kekahi o ka Menshevik alakaʻi. Iloko o ke kipi ana o 1905-1907. He mea no ia i hana i loko o ka paio e ku ei ka Bolshevik nā kaʻa mokulele a me ka hoʻolālā. Alexander Kerensky (1881-1970), ka mea iʻikeʻia ma ka mea i ka mea, i koho poʻo o ka wahi aupuni ma hope o ka bourgeois kipi, no kona pili aupuni wale ua M.. Kekahi koʻikoʻi Russian politician ua Paulo Milyukov (1859-1943). He ua luna hoʻomalu o KDPR, a i kekahi o nā alakaʻi o ka lokomaikai hoi o-monarchist aoao o ka aina. I ka ardent monarchists i nā nui landowner a me ka politician Peter Stolypin. Adimarala Kolchak (1873-1920) - i ka luna o ka Black Sea'auwaʻa i loko o ka First World Kaua i loko o ka lāʻau kū-hoʻokahuli aupuni manawa i ku loan-hoʻokahuli aupuni wale. ʻO ia ke ke i mai la o Baron Wrangel (1878-1928) a me Anton Denikin. Iloko o ke kaua, ka mea aʻa Makehewa ka White koa i koa. Akā, ma kaʻaoʻao hema o Rusia ka ee-hoʻokahuli aupuni koa e hoʻokele Nestor Makhno (1889-1934), a me ka mea ua kapaia ma na kanaka, Makhno. I kona aie oi ma mua o kekahi poʻe hoʻoweliweli hana. Ia no ka aina a hiki i ka aoao o anarchists.

Nā luna o ka Soviet? Eia

Mau pono-ike kālai'āina na kii o Rusia no ka mea e like me ka 73 o kona mau makahiki i manaoia meʻe. Ko lakou mau ola, he mau kaao, kākau novels, kapaʻia ko lākou mau inoa i nā kūlanakauhale, nā hale hana a me nā kula, Komsomol a me paionia kauna. Ka mea, he poe luna o na Bolsheviks, a me ka wā e hiki mai - ka Communist Party o ka Soviet Union.
Vladimir Lenin Ilich (Ulyanov). Hânau 'ia i ka makahiki 1870, make iho la ia i ka makahiki 1924 i ka hopena o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli hana. Nä känaka 'epekema, hoʻokahuli aupuni, he koʻikoʻi kālai'āina huahelu. Ma hope o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana, oia i ike i ka luna o na kanaka, ka poe i kekahi hapa o ka Soviet Union - he aupuni hana ma luna o kona hoike.

Hui pu ana o Lenin a me kekahi o na koʻikoʻi Bolshevik revolutionaries ua Mikhail Kalinin (1875-1946). I ka 1923 ua koho Luna hoomalu o ka Central Hoʻokō Komite o ka Soviet Union.

Zheleznyy Feliks - ke kaulana Cheka Dzerzhinsky, o ka i hoomainoino nei i lohe ai na mea he nui. He ua kekahi o ka loa ideological revolutionaries, ina ua iho mai, mai ka aliʻi ohana. Kokoke mai ka lā mua o ka Soviet Union i loko o ka lio, lilo 'o ia i ka People ka Commissariat o Kūloko Affairs.

Leon Trotsky (maoli inoa Bronstein) me he poʻokela hoʻokahuli aupuni alakai o ka Soviet Union. Eia naʻe, ma hope o Lenin ka make ana, hoomaka ae la oia e nema aku ana i ka Soviet alakaʻi, o ka oi aku Stalin, no ka i ka mea i kipaku mai i ka aina. Ua kuewa wale ae la ma Europa, oia noho ma Mexico, i kahi i hoomaka ai e kākau i ka puke e pili ana i Joseph Dzhugashvili - ka hou alihi kaua ana o ka Soviet kanaka. Ka mea, ua Stalin nana i kauoha i ka liquidation o Trotsky. He make i ka 1940 i loko o ka hoouka.

General Kakauolelo o ka CPSU

Owai la ka mea e pono e maikaʻiʻikeʻia i loko o ka Soviet Union ma mua o ka USSR, a Lūkini mau alakai (ma hope o ka USSR'opi). Iwaena o lakou i ke alakai kulana e ku e na secretaries mua o ka pariah. Aia ma lalo o ka piha papa.

• Joseph Stalin (Dzhugashvili). He poai puni i ka oihana alakaʻi KP Lenin ka make ma hope. I kēia lā, i kona inoa ua pili i ka mea hao wale mai repression oi ma mua o elua miliona o ka poe hala ole Soviet kanaka o, a me ka hewa no ka pau ana o keia ua he pathological mistrust o ka Soviet alihi kaua.
• Nikita Hruschev (1894-1971). Mai 1953, ua koho mua ke kakauolelo o ka CPSU Central Komite. i ka wā o ka "thaw" hoomaka me ka hoʻomaka o kona noho alii ana. He nui o na makaainana repressed i loko o nā wahi hoʻomoana, i hookuu a rehabilitated. Naʻe, i ke ao nei, e hoomanao ia, no ka mea, o kona mau eccentricities i loko o ka un General Ahaolelo keʻena, hitting ka podium kona kamaa.
• Leonid Brezhnev (1906-1982). Kona au Ua kaha maha ma ka pono, a me ka palaho bribery.
• Yuriy Andropov (1914-1984). He seemingly malie a me ka unremarkable ke kanaka, ma mua e lilo ana i ka mua kakauolelo o ke KP, poai puni i ka KGB, i hoike ai i kona kupaianaha manao a me ka kuikawā aʻo. Brezhnev ka make ma hope,ʻo ia i hoonohoia ai i ka lāʻau kū o ka mua kakauolelo o ka Communist Party o ka aina. Akā, i loko o kēia wahi ia i noho ole lōʻihi, e 2 makahiki.
• I kekahi kakauolelo o Konstantin Chernenko i pokole alakaʻi i ka Communist Party o ka Soviet Union, wale i ka makahiki. About kona haʻawina, mau kanaka i keia la ke hoomanao.
• A eia ka mea hope, o ka hope nui kakauolelo o ka CPSU - Mikhail Gorbachev. He i lilo i ka mua Peresidena o ka Soviet Union. E pili ana no ka mea, ua hui pūʻia ai i waena o na kanaka. Me kona inoa ua pili me perestroika, glasnost, ka'opi o ka i waena o-nā 'āina' o onei, ka disintegration o ka mokuaina'āina - i komo o ka Warsaw Pact, i ka haule ana o ka Pelelina Wall, etc.

Nā loea kālai'āina o kēia Rusia

I ka hoomaka ana o ka papa, o ka papa, i na inoa o na kanaka e noho ana ma na kêia kanaka o ka hou Lūkini moku'āina. A me ka mua i waena o ia mea Boris Nikolaevich Eltsin. He ua he kahiko Communist activist, akā, lilo iho la i ka luna o ka kūʻokoʻa Lūkini moku'āina, a me ka mua popularly koho pelekikena o ka Russian Hui. I ka 2000, oia ua mea ola kumu i haʻakoiʻia i ka haʻalele.

Ma hope o Yeltsin ka hele ana mai o ka loa kālai'āina o kana mau hana i hulina i hāʻawi ai i kaʻike ui Petersburger Putin. I kēia lā,ʻaʻole naʻe,ʻaʻohe pili luna o ka 21st kenekulia Rusia hiki ole paʻi me ia i loko o ka hiʻona i waena o na kanaka. He Ua palua koho pelekikena o ka mana nui, a ma ka hope o ka lua o ka wā i nā'ōpū i kona compatriot Dmitry Medvedev, i ka mea ia manawa e lawe i ke kia o ka Kuhina Nui lawelawe. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka wā mua Medvedev hoi i ka "koho pelekikena baton" Putin, aʻo ia i ke kia o ka Kuhina Nui lawelawe. Ma pōkole, Vladimir Vladimirovich, No ka mea kolu o ka manawa i ma i pelekikena o ka nui aupuni i loko o ke ao nei.

Alakaʻi o ka pili 'aoʻao i loko o Rusia

Like ma ka pau ana o ka 19th kenekulia, ma na 90s o ka 20th kenekulia ka Lūkini moku'āina, he poʻe kaua o ka poe pili aupuni, i waena a me ka nui i ka "United Rusia", "Apple", ka Liberal kemokalaka Party, ka Communist Party, a me kekahi poe e ae. Ko lakou poe luna papa niioaaonoaaiii hana Vladimir Putin a me Dmitry Medvedev, Yavlinsky, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Zyuganov.

kahi o ka hopena

Ka luna papa inoa o Lūkini koʻikoʻi pili kii, o ka papa, hiki ole ke kapaia piha. mea, ua nui hou ma luna o nā kenekulia. Eia naʻe, inoa o nā loea kālai'āina i i komo i loko o ia mau mea, he mea hiki i ka inoa i ka loa nui.