Irene Joliot-Curie: he pōkole Kawaihae, kiʻi

Irene Joliot-Curie (Hawaii photo hōʻike hope i loko o ka 'atikala) - ke kaikamahine hanau mua o Marie a me Pierre Curie kaulanaʻepekema loaa ka Nobel lua ma kemika i ka makahiki 1935 mamuli no o kona loaʻa a me kāna kāne oʻimi hoʻopunipuni radioactivity. He hoʻomaka i kona 'epekema' oihana like me ka noiʻi hope ma ka Radium Institute ma Paris, hoʻokumu 'ia e kona mau makua, oia koke hoʻololi i kona makuwahine lilo i luna. Aia kona hoohui ana me kana kane, a lifelong scientific hoapili ia Frederikom Zholio. E like me ka rula, e kakau inoa i ko lakou mau mea, ua ulu pu ana o ko lākou mau kapaia.

Irene Joliot-Curie: he pōkole Kawaihae

Irene Ua hānauʻia ma luna o 12/09/1897 ma Palika ma ka ohana o Maria a me na Winners o ka Nobel uku , Pierre Curie. Kona noho 'ana kamaliʻi A ua hana - maturation i wahi i loko o ka poʻe o ka maikaʻi loaʻepekema. Na makua i mare i ka 1895, a hoolilo i kona ola, e ke kālaikūlohea, e mālama nei ia mea i loko o kona keʻena hoʻokolohua me ka radioactivity. Mariya Kyuri ua ma luna o ka verge o ka loaʻa o ka radium, i ka wa uuku Irene, a me "kona wahi alii wahine," e like me kona makuwahine ia ia i kona kaikamahine, ua wale he mau mahina kahiko.

Ke kaikamahine la i ole no ka makahiki, akā, ua he hilahila keiki. He loa possessive i huiia i kona makuwahine, ka mea ua pinepine mumulu mai i kā lākou mau ho okolohua. I ka, ma hope o ka lā loa i loko o ke Keʻena, "Queen" halawai me kona makau ai kona makuwahine, ae kauoha mai hua, Mary huli mai la ia, a hele aku la i ka makeke, e hooko i ka makemake o kana kaikamahine. Ma hope o ka untimely accidental ka make ana o kona makuakane Pierre i ka makahiki 1908, he ole nui ma Irene hoomaka ae la e hooikaika i kona kupunakane ma luna o ka makua kāne Ezhen Kyuri. He ao mai la ia i kana moopuna kaikamahine botany a me maoli mōʻaukala, ka wā ua hoʻopaʻaʻia i ke kauwela i loko o ke kauhale. Curie Sr. i kekahi ano o ka pili'ano'ē a me ka atheist, a me ka ia i kokua hana i ka leftist olelo la Irene a me ka hoʻowahāwahā i ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻomana.

nontraditional ka hoʻonaʻauao

Curie ka hoʻonaʻauao A ua kupaianaha. Kona makuahine i ike i ka mea e Irene a me kona kaikaina Eva Denise (1904 p.) Ua hanaia kela la i keia kino a me ka noʻonoʻo 'hoʻokō. Ke kaikamahine i ka governess, akā, no ka mea, Madame Curie ia i haawiia ke kōkua o ke kula,ʻo ia i hoʻonohonoho i ke aʻo ke kākoʻo '-operative, ma a na mamo a Kumu o ke kaulana Paris Sorbonne hele mai i nā haʻawina i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. Irene ka makuahine, ao mai la ke kālaikūlohea, a me kona 'ē aʻe kaulana nā hoapili i aʻo makemakika, kemika,' ōlelo a me nā kiʻi kaula. Koke Irene i ka maikaʻi loa haumāna me ka ike maikaʻi o ke kālaikūlohea a me ka kemika. Mau makahiki ma hope, nae, i kona wa i ua 14, o ka Free i ua olokaa mai, i hoʻokomo i kekahi kula a wahi uku, College Sevigne i ke kaikamahine, a me koke loaa i ka palapala. Ua hoʻopaʻaʻia i ke kauwela ma ke kahakai a ma na mauna, i kekahi manawa i loko o kaʻaha kanaka o ke kaulana a hanohano, me Albert Einstein a me kana keiki. A laila, Irene hele mai i ka Sorbonne e noiʻi i ia e ke kahu.

Hana ma ke alo

Iloko o ka First World Madame Curie hele aku la i ka mua, ma ka hou X-Ray lako a hoʻohana no ka iapaau ana o ka poe koa. Kaikamahine koke aʻoʻia e hoʻohana i ka ia ipu, hana me kona makuwahine, a ma hope ma luna o lākou iho. Irene, hilahila, a he oiaio, ua antisocial ma ke ano maoli, a me ka mālie unruffled i loko o ka maka o ka pilikia. I kona makahiki 21, ua lilo iho la ia mau kānaka kōkua ma i ka makuahine, i ka Radium Institute. Ua i aʻo ai i skillfully hoʻohana i ke ao keʻena, he mea i mea e hiki ai ka haʻahaʻa (particles) ma ke alahele o nā paka ua o ka wai, a lakou e hookoe ai ma ke ala o ko lākou neʻe.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka 'epekema hana

I ke kakahiaka nui 1920s, ma hope o ka lanakila ana o ka huakaʻi i loko o ka United States a me kona makuwahine, a me ke kaikuahine, Iren Kyuri hoomaka ae la e e kona na makana no ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. Hana me Fernand Holweck, hoʻomalu luna hoʻokele o ke kula,, ua mālama 'ia kekahi mau ho okolohua me ka radium, i ka hopena o ka i i paʻiʻia ma ka 1921 i loko o kona' oihana mua. Ma ka makahiki 1925, ua pau ia i kona doctoral ia hoʻi ma luna o ka, alpha kukuna o ka polonium, he hehee ai, a wehe kona mau makua. He nui nā hoapili i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, a me kona wā e hiki mai kane, manaʻo ihola ia i kona makua kāne i loko o kona kokoke pii hana e hoʻohana manao e like. Frederick ua he mau makahiki kaikaina ma mua o Irene, a i ole ka hoao ana i ka hoʻohana 'epekema o ka lako a pan. Ike mai la oia ia noi, e hai aku ia ia no radioactivity, ua hoomaka ana ma keʻano hawawa koʻu ano, akā, e hoomaka koke e e hele loa i loko o ke aupuni. Ka hui i mare i ka 1926, a hoʻoholo i ka hoʻohana 'ana i kekahi hui inoa Joliot-Curie, ma hope o kona mau makua kaulana.

hua nui laulima

Nobel mōʻaukala Irene Joliot-Curie a me kana kane Frederic hoomaka ae la e hoʻomaka ami noiʻi. Ka mea, o ka poe i kakau inoa i ko lakou 'epekema hana, a hiki ma hope o 1932, ua hoonohoia Irene ke poo o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. Ma hope o heluhelu e pili ana i ka ho okolohua o Kelemāniaʻepekema Walter Bothe a me Hans Becker lākou noonooʻeleu ma nukelea ke kālaikūlohea - i ke kahua o ka 'epekema, a ua nō i loko o kona uuku. Wale i ka huli ana o ke kenekulia, nä känaka 'epekema' ike akula i nā'ātoma i ke kikowaena nucleus iloko olaila o ka ikaika i hoopiiia protons. Mawaho e negatively kauoha electrons. Nā Mākua Irene radioactivity hookolokolo aku la ia, he kŰia a ia lŘlŘ ka wā o nā nuclei o kekahi mau oihana mua hoʻokuʻu akula i ka huna a me ka ikehu. Ka mea mua o ka kŘpa a lohi loa, alpha (particles) ua like no me ka nucleus o ka helium'Ātoma me nā maikaʻi 'āhewa' ana. Ma kona hana, i ka hoʻolilo o ka Nobel uku, ka Curie Sr. 'ike akula i kekahi radioactive hehee wale hoʻokuʻu akula (particles) i loko o ka regular, ke wńnana i kēia manawa.

nukelea kuʻi nukeliu

I kona Keʻena, Irene Joliot-Curie i komo i ka huina nui loa o radioactive mea i loko o ke ao nei,ʻo polonium, E wehe i kona mau makua. Kēia Nine Inch hehee ai kī ana, alpha (particles) a Irene, a Frederick hoʻohana i bombard i kekahiʻano o ka waiwai. I ka makahiki 1933, ka mea, bombed lākou Aluminum Kora naʻEsau. Ka hopena ua he radioactive phosphorus. Aluminum ano laulā, he 13 protons akā, ka wā bombarded me ka, alpha (particles) a me nā maikaʻi hoopii Kernel i loaʻa hou protons, ho okumu i phosphorus. Ke kūpono Nine Inch hehee ai okoa mai ka maoli - ka mea, ua i kona kālaiōewe.

Noiʻi ho'āʻo i ka iaoia Alpha pāhawewe, a ma luna o nā mea, 'ike akula i ka wā, alpha (particles) collide me na nā'ātoma e hoohuli ia lakou i loko o kekahi hehee ai me ka nui helu o protons. Irene a me Frederic Joliot-Curie ho okumu ana iʻimi hoʻopunipuni radioactivity. Ka mea hōʻike ma ka kŰia o ka Academy o Sciences i loko o January 1934.

Ka Nobel uku

Opening Joliot-Curie ua o ka nui loa, aole wale no ke gula 'epekema, akā, no hoi no kona noi lehulehu. Ma na 1930s, i loaa nui radioactive isotopes, i i hoʻohana i hōʻailona ma ka 'inikua lapaʻau' ana, e like me ka pono me ka lehulehu ia mea. hoʻomanaʻo i ka pomaikai ua paipaiʻia nā kānakaʻepekema, e hoʻokolohua me ka nukelea ikehu kala.

Ua ua He bittersweet minute no Irene Joliot-Curie. Noho i loko o indescribableʻoluʻolu, akā, he maʻi makuwahine ike i kana kaikamahine i manao ia eʻike, akā, ua make i loko o Iulai o ia makahiki, mai leukemia, kena ae la ia e lōʻihi-kau waiū i ka pāhawewe. A mau mahina ma hope Joliot-Curie aʻo e pili ana i ka paha o ka Nobel uku. ʻOiai ka mea, ua nukelea physicists, ke mau loaa ka ia nā kumu kāki ma ka kemika ku ai i ka hopena o ko lākou mau discoveries ma keia kahua.

Eia hou kekahi, Irene a me Frederic i mea nona o na mea he nui honorary degere a me na luna o ka Legeona o Honor. Akā, i kēia mau uku ka mea,ʻaneʻane i loli. Poetry heluhelu ana, 'auʻau, e holo, eu? A Hiking mea he punahele pastime, Irene Joliot-Curie. Children Helene a me Pierre nui, a ua lilo iho la ia hoihoi i ka lawelawe ka neʻe 'ana a me nā kālai'āina. Atheist me leftist wale, Irene i paipai aʻo kai eʻe no ka wahine ka suffrage. He ua he Hope lawelawe i loko o ka Popular Front Aupuni Leona Blyuma i ka 1936, a laila, ua koho balota Kumu ma ka Sorbonne i ka 1937.

'Ātoma he paki

E hoomau ana kona hana i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ke kālaikūlohea i loko o ka hopena o 1930s, Irene Joliot-Curie lawelawe 'ia ka hoʻokolohua me ka neutron bombardment o ka uranium nuclei. Me kona collaborator Pavlom Savichem ia i hoike mai ia uranium hiki ke Wāwahi i loko o nā radioactive hehee wale. ʻO kona kumu o hoʻokolohua wālua i ke alanui no kekahi physicist Otto Hahn, ka poe i hoao i ka uranium neutron bombardment ke mahele ia i loko o nā nā'ātoma o like kaumaha. O kŰia lilo i ke kumu no ka mea e pili ana o ka'ātoma ikehu - no ka hanauna o nukelea ikehu a me ka nukelea mea kaua.

I ka hoʻomaka o ka Apana World Irene, ua hoomau mai kona mau haʻawina i loko o Paris, naʻe Frederick kana kane hele lola honua. Ka mea, he elua hapa o ka Farani ia'ku neʻeʻana, a ma ka makahiki 1944, Irene mau keiki, hele lakou i Kuikilana. Ma hope o ke kaua, ua hoonohoia iho la ke poo o ka Radium Institute, e like me ka mana ma ka Palani nukelea papahana. Ua hoʻopaʻaʻia kona mau lā i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, a hoomau iho la oia e haawi haʻi'ōlelo, a e hoʻokomo ma ka hōʻike i ke kumuhana o ka radioactivity, eia nae kona ola i nā deteriorated.

Irene Joliot-Curie: A Kawaihae pilikino E pili

, Ua hoʻokuʻuʻia ka poo o ka Palani'ātoma Energy Komisina Frederick, he lâlâ 'o ka Communist Party mai 1942. Ma hope iho o ia, hoomaka ae la ka hui e Uwao i ka hoʻohana 'ana o nukelea ikehu ma ka aoao o ka maluhia. Irene ua he lâlâ o ka World He aloha 'Aha, a i mau huakaʻi i ka Soviet Union. Ka mea, ua i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka "anuanu Kaua", a no ka mea, o ka mea pili hana o Irene i hōʻole wale nô ma ka American Nine Society, ke noi no i ka mea i waiho ia ma 1954.ʻO kona hope na makana no ke kālaikūlohea ua e kōkua ma ka hoʻokumu o ka nui huna accelerator, a keʻena hoʻokolohua ma Orsay, aoao hema o Paris, i ka 1955. Kona ola kino deteriorated, a make iho la 3/17/56 Irene Joliot-Curie, e like me kona makuwahine, mai leukemia like me ka hopena o ka nui huina pāhawewe mahele lāʻau.