Iwi Kalevari: mall hiʻona a me Hawaii photo

Kuhukukū nā mea kolo, i mea kaulana, mai nā vertebrates, pakahi aku la ia skeletal 'ole. Ua Ua manaoio ia mau kūlana holoholona i noho ai kekahi 220 miliona makahiki aku nei, e ia i waena o ka mea kahiko mea kolo, mua ma mua o ua moo nei, nahesa a me crocodiles. Hoikehonua, 'epekema ike 327 laha' o nā kuhukukū, a me ka nui o lakou i hooweliweli ia me ia'na.

Iwi honu: mall hiʻona

Honu iwi mea kiʻiona hiʻona ma ka like ana me kekahi'ē aʻe vertebrates, ma i na huhui i aia mawaho o ka pahu o ke kanaka, nui nā pōpoki, elepani, kao a me monkeys. Kapa kila honu iwi o kekahi hapa o ka iwi 'ole. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka aiiay iwi - ia ka mea oi ma mua pono o ka pā e uhi ai. He he integral hapa o ka holoholona ka kino. I ka hoomaka ana e hana iwi iwi, a ua lilo kekahi hapa o ka ulu iwi ka maka lua penei. Ka iwi Ua haku o nā iwi a me ka cartilage.

E like me ka rula, ka mea, ua maheleia i 3 ka papa kuhikuhiE māhele:

• iwi poʻo (cranium, iwi i hoʻomākaukauʻia, a sublingual);
• iho iwi kuhukukū, loko a waho (iwi, vertebrae, ka iwiaoao, a me nā iwi aoao nā mea loaʻa);
• appendicular iwi (lala, umauma a me ka pelvic 'ole).

Iwi honu: ka spine

Iwi honu 'āina ka loaʻa o ka iwi kuamoo a pau a me ka cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral a me ka caudal māhele 'āina. Ua poe like cervical vertebrae 8, kahi o ka mua 2 i loa lawe lima. Ukali ma ka 10 kumu vertebrae, fused me testaceous arcs. Ma o ka wahi o ka sacrum hoʻonoho i lalo kīloi paʻewa ka ulu o ke, e i i i pili i ka pelvic iwi. He nui no ka vertebrae i loko o ka huelo he mea IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ole oi aku 33. kēia 'Oihana Ua wehewehe aku kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻoneʻe.

Ka iwi o ka honu, Hawaii photo o i i hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o ka 'atikala, nā aneane loa ossified iwi poʻo, oia no ka cerebral, a me ka visceral pahu. Nā niho ma kahi e like me neia, e hoonohonoho i loko o kā lākou wahi pepeiaohao papa ho okumu i similarity nuku. Ka hanana hiʻona o ka honu iwi ma mua o nā vertebrates mea i na iwi aoao offsetʻaoʻao.

Ke kū hoʻokahi o ka 'ole o ke kai manu kuhukukū

kai honu 'anatomia i mea kū hoʻokahi i loko o ia mea, o kekahi o na mau mea i loaʻa nā he na a me ka mawaho iwi. All laha 'ole o ka leatherback, ka mea ma waho maoli hoʻolako' ohana ka palekana a me ka kākoʻo no na nā loko. Ua ninoieo o ka iwi o ka iwi, a, ma ka huli, ua maheleia i mau halves: ka lalo a me ka hoaka o ka mea e kahiko ai plastron. A hiki i ka pahale iwi i pili nāʻiʻo. E like me ka'āina, kai manu kuhukukū spine fused me ka carapace.

Lōʻihi manamana ma na lala kuahene haloʻole, i mea ia no ka holo i loko o ka wai. Ua i hoʻohana 'ia e wahine, e eli lua no na hua i ka aiacayueony wā. Ma ka waha o ke kai manu kuhukukū aʻole 'oe i mau kui ia ia. Aka, ka mea, i ka oi nuku, me ka i oe ke hemo mai i ka ai. Leathery waha he i ka helu o undeveloped spines.

'Aʻole nā kuhukukū i ka paakiki iwi

At leathery manu kuhukukū spine ua ole fused me ka iwi, a me ka iwiʻaʻohe iwi, akā, kahi ua uhiia ia ʻoʻoleʻa huila , a i kākoʻo 'ia e ka'ōnaehana o ka moku iwi. Mau ka hoʻololi 'ana ae i ke kuhukukū, e luu i ka hohonu o ka 1.5 ei.

Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi e pili ana i manu kuhukukū

• Kapa kila iwi manu kuhukukū nae oia no ma kahi o 50 kekahi mau iwi. Externally ka mea, kohu kekahi ana ka pale kaua, a me kona loko iwi ninoieo o kekahi mau iwi, a ua hanaʻia ma ka fusing ka holoholona iwi aoao a me ka vertebrae.
• Mai loko o ka iwi Ua oi e like me ka pahu e loaʻa kekahi honu ma waho o kona kino. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka nui o ka holoholona, e like me nā mea kiko'î e ĸokoĸa ana nä pane. No ka laʻana, ka mea ula-honu iwi kekahi lala lōʻihi, a caudal huelo i kane mea hou a me nā pūhaka, a me ka mea pōkole ma mua ia o ka wahine i ka iwi.

• Animal mau loa hoopaaia lakou i kona hale. He hiki ke waiho ia, a lilo aku i kona iho spine a me ka umauma mea'ē aʻe,ʻaʻole kāohi.
• Aie i ka loa a me ka lawe lima'ōlewa cervical vertebrae honu hiki huki kona poo mai o ka carapace, a, conversely, e hūnā ia mea, ua pono ia no ka hoomalu ana.
• Kapa kila manu kuhukukū iwi ka loaʻa o ka kūikawā hoʻoneʻe hui, a hana like me ka ami, a leie aku a pau retract i loko o ke kino.
• Honu leho mea i kapa kila, oiai ka mea, nana i paakiki a me ka impenetrable pale kaua. Aia i hana ai-ma nä olonä a me nā ipu koko, no laila, i ina i hana ino iki mai ka holoholona kona aiiay iwi, ka mea hiki ke kahe mau, a haha aku eha.
• I ka makahiki 1968, elua Lūkini honu e noho ana ma ka makahiki, a hoi mai la unharmed, akā, he uuku nalowale kaumaha. Ma keia ala e hoike i kekahi mea ola e liki hiki e ka I Helu holo.
• I loko nō kona innocuous helehelena, ka mea hiki e ruthless Moana. Aniuea kekahiʻano hiki ulu mai i 2,5 mika ma ka lōʻihi, a pau ke kaupaona oi ma mua o 100 kg a me ka mana mau a ikaika Hook nuku, a me ka manamana o amo muscular huelo. Ua Ua luring i ko lakou pio, i kekahi manawa ka mea, e hiki e kekahi kuhukukū, neʻe maila i kona alelo, a nana e like me ka ilo.
• An hana hoihoi hiʻona o kēia mau holoholona, oia hoi ka mea i loko o ka wa e kaawale aku o vocal chords ka mea, hiki nō ka laulä. Ka hapa nui o ia kāhāhā aku, aole oe e lohe i ka ano o ka'ū iholaʻo ia a me ka cackling. Turtle i, ikaika jerking i kona poʻo i loko o ia i kekahi ala e mole mai o na maʻiʻaʻai ea ola,ʻoiai me ka kekahi kani.

• Ka mea, lilo maoli sleuths ka wā malia. Female wahine hūnāʻia i loko o kā lākou rectum, i loko o ka lua ma ka huelo, a ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka? Aneii, a no ka defecation. Male wale huai ae ma ka honi wahine pheromones pee maloko o ka cloaca.
• Kekahi hana hoihoi 'mea e pili ana i ka hometa i ka lima o ka wahi. Ua huli mai ia ma ka mea e hiki ke hanu! Ma kekahi laha ', ka rectum ua hoʻopuniʻia e ka lahilahiʻili lahilahi ma i kinoea mail ke hana ana i ka tutua kai.
• Kekahi mau laha 'o nā kuhukukū ke ola hou ma mua o ka haneri makahiki.
• Ka mea, i ole e lohi, e like me ka mea hoʻohana i ka manaʻo. Ka mea, i ka hapanui herbivores, no laila,ʻaʻole ka mea, e loaa ia e alualu i kāu palaoa. Ka mea, i ka maikai, anuanu iwi, no laila, i ka mea e ole i e holo aku mai ka ōlaʻi.