Ka ho'onohonoho'ana a me ke kau'ana o ka pūpū o ka atom

'O ka'oia'i'o o nā mea a pau i kūkulu'ia i nā hua'ōlelo papahana i mana'o'ia e ka po'e'epekema o'Anelani kahiko. Akā na'e,'a'ole e hō'oia i kēia'oia'i'o a i'ole e hō'ole'ia ia mau lā,'a'ole hiki. A'o nā waiwai o nā māna i ka wā kahiko i hiki ke koho wale'ia ma muli o kā lākou'ike pono i nā mea like'ole.

No ka hō'oia'ana o nā mea a pau e komo ana i nā mea ha'aha'a, hiki i ke kenekulia 19 wale nō a laila. Ma ka manawa ho'okahi, ua ho'ā'o nā physicists a me nā mea'onika a puni ka honua e ho'ohui i ka'ike unite o nā hua'ōlelo papahana, e wehewehe ana i ko lākou hale a me ka wehewehe'ana i nā'ano waiwai like'ole, e like me ke'ano, he kumu pilikino.

Ua hana'ia ka hana a nā mea'epekema he nui i ka noi'i'ana i nā molecuka, nā lolo, a me ke'ano. Ua ho'onui iki ka mākiko i ka noi'i'ana i nā microworld - elementary element particles, a me kā lākou mau hana. Epekema i hoihoi i ka mea i lilo i ka'ātoma nucleus, hypotheses, a ho'āʻo e hoao ia lakou, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kahiko o ka'āina.

E like me ka hopena, e like me ka mea kumu o kumumanaʻo, ua aeia lakou e ka planetary kumu hoʻohālike o'ātoma 'ole i manaoia e Ernest Rutherford a me Niels Bohr. Ma muli o kēia mana'o, pono ke ka'ina o ka pūpū o kekahi a'a, a'o kona mau hō'ailona e ho'ololi ana i nā electrons pono'ole, a ma hope e hana pono'ole ke atom. Ma hope o kēia manawa, ua ho'opa'a pinepine'ia kēia mana'o e nā'ano'ano ho'okolohua, e ho'omaka ana me nā ho'okolohua a kekahi o kona mau mea kākau.

Ke nānā nei nā'ōkōpiu ho'omehana honua hou i ka mana'o o Rutherford-Bohr i ke kumu,'o nā ha'awina a pau o nā mana a me ko lākou mau kumuhana ke kumu ia. Ma kekahi'ao'ao,'o ka hapa nui o nā kumukū'ai i'ike'ia i nā makahiki he 150 i hala iho nei, ua aneane'ole i ho'okūpa'a'ia. Ke ho'ololi nei'o ia i ke'ano o ka'ōkiko'ōkiko ma ka hapa nui no ka nui o ka nui o nā mea i a'o'ia.

'Oiai, ma ka honua o kēia ao,'oi aku ka ma'alahi o ka ho'oholo'ana i ke kuleana o ke kumu aluminika, e like me (ai'ole kekahi mea'ē a'e) ma mua o ka senetuna 19 a'oi aku i nā mea kahiko ma Ancient Greece. Akā, i ka loa'a'ana o nā mea hou i kēia wahi, e hele mai ka po'e'epekema i kekahi manawa i nā hopena ho'ohūhū. Ke ho'āʻo nei e huli i ka pāʻoihana o ka pilikia, na ke kālaikūlohea o haʻahaʻa (particles) uaʻalo me ka hou ho'āʻo a me paradoxes.

I ka ho'omaka'ana,'ōlelo ke kumukulawai o Rutherford e pili ana nā mea ho'ohui waiwai o ka waiwai ma muli o ka mālama'ana i ka pūpū o ka atom a, no laila, ma ka helu o electrons e pihi ana ma kona mau'ona. Ho'omaopopo pono'ia kēia'ano. I loko nō o ka mea i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o hakakino' ole initially kipaku mai ka simplest ho - he hydrogen'Ātoma, heʻoihana o ka nucleus mea like i 1, i ka kumumanaʻo o ka hoakaka pili i nā oihana mua o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina e like me ka pohihihi keia honua i eliiaʻi a me radioactive waiwai, hoʻomākaukau artificially ma ka pau ana o ka hope Ka Wā Kaukani.

Ua'ike'o ia ma mua loa o ka noi'i'ana a Rutherford, he mākiko Pelekānia, he kauka ma o ka ho'ona'auao'ana,'o William Prout, i'ike i ka nui o ka'umekau o nā mea like'ole he nui o ka helu kuhikuhi o ka hydrogen. A laila ua'ōlelo'o ia,'o nā mea'ē a'e a pau,'o ia wale nō ka hydrogen ma kekahi'ano ma'alahi loa. E like me ka la'ana, he hapa'u o ka mea'ai he 14 mau mea'u'uku li'ili'i, oxygen he 16, a me nā mea'ē a'e. Inā mākou e no'ono'o i kēia kumumana'o ma ka honua i kēia mau wehewehe'ana, a laila, ua pololei ia.