"Ka Lay o Igoa o Igor": ka'imipili. "Ka Lay o Igoa o Igor": he hō'ulu'ulu

"'O ka Lay o Igor's Campaign" he kaha nui loa ia o nā mo'olelo Lūkini kahiko, i kākau'ia i ka 12st century. 'O ka heluhelu'ana i kēia hana e pili ana i nā kānaka, wehe i nā hebedoma hou no lākou.

"He hua'ōlelo no ka papa o Igor." Ka mo'aukala o ka hana

"'O ka Lay o Igor's Host" he mea kākau mo'olelo i kākau'ia, he hana i hana'ia ma Ancient Rus. Ua kākau'ia kēia hana kokoke i ka ho'omaka'ana o ke kenekulia'umikūmālua, a i ka makahiki 1795, ua loa'a'o Count Alexei Ivanovich Musin-Pushkin. I ka makahiki 1800 ua pai'ia. Ua nalowale ka "Words" mua i ke ahi i 1812, i ka wā o ka Great Patriotic War o nā po'e Lūkini me ka Farani.

'O ka hō'ulu'ulu o ka hana

'O ka'ikepili "'O ka Lay of Igor's Campaign" e hō'ike ana he papahana kēia hana, he'ano ma'amau no nā hana o nā puke Lūkini kahiko. I loko o kona ho'okumu'ana, aia ka ho'omaka a me ka hapa nui, a me ka moena.

'O ka ho'omaka ke aloha o ka mea kākau i ka po'e heluhelu, a hō'ike pū i ka mana'o o ka mea kākau e pili ana i kēlā mau hanana āna e wehewehe ai. Makemake ka mea kākau e ha'i i nā mea a pau e pili ana i ka huaka'i a Prince Igor me ka'oia'i'o, me ka hūnā'ole, me ka mana'o'ole'ole. 'O kekahi hi'ohi'ona iā ia,'o ia ka mea kaulana kaulana'o Boyan, ka mea i ukali'ole ma muli o ka mele kahiko, akā,'o ia ho'i kekahi e hīmeni nei i nā mele i nā ali'i o kona manawa.

'O ka'ikepili o "The Lay of Igor's Campaign" he hō'ike pōkole e hō'ike ana ka mea kākau i nā palena manawa o ka mo'olelo penei: ke kama'ilio nei'o ia i ke ola o Vladimir Svyatoslavich o Kiev, a laila hele pololei mai e wehewehe i ke ola o Prince Igor Svyatoslavich.

Ka māhele o ka hana

Ua ho'ouna'ia ka pū'ali Lūkini e kaua me ka'enemi weliweli - nā Polovtsians. Ma mua o ka ho'omaka'ana o ka pā'ani e uhi ka lā i ka lewa, ho'omaka'ia ka pō e ka lā. 'O ka mea e noho ana ma Rūkena'Amelika e hopohopo'o ia, a ua hō'ole'o ia i kāna mau kumumanao, akā'a'ole'o Prince Igor e like me ia. Hele mau'o ia me kona pū'ali. Ua hana'ia kēia ma ka lā 1 o Mei, 1185. Ke kāko'o'ia nei nā mana'o o Igor e kona kaikua'ana'o Bui Tour Vsevolod.

Ma hope o kekahi manawa, hō'ike aku'o Igor i Polovtsy. Ua'oi a'e ka nui o kā lākou helu ma mua o ka nui o nā po'e Lūkini. Akā'o ka po'e Lūkini e ho'omaka nei i ke kaua.

Ua lanakila o Igor a me Bui Vsevolod i ke kaua mua ma Polovtsy. Ho'olu'olu,'ae lākou e ho'omaha. Akā,'a'ole lākou i'ike a'a'ole ho'i i mana'o ua pau ko lākou mau koa, a ua'oi aku ka nui o ka nui o nā pū'ali Polovtsian ma mua o ka nui o nā po'e Lūkini. I ka lā a'e, ua kaua ka pū'ali Polovtsian i ka pū'ali Lūkini a lanakila a lanakila. Ua pepehi'ia nā koa Lūkini he nui, ua lawe pio'ia'o Prince Igor.

Ma nā wahi a pau o Rusia, he kanikau no ka po'e make, a ua lanakila nā Cumana, ka lanakila i ka hakakā. 'O ka lanakila o nā Polovtsians ma luna o ka pū'ali koa o Igor i hana i nā pō'ino he nui i ka'āina Lūkini. Ua nui nā koa i make, a ua ho'omau ka Polovtsi i ka hao i ka'āina Lūkini.

Ke Akua o Kiev

'O ka'ikepili o "The Lay of Igor's Campaign," nona ka hana i pili i kahi mea kākau'ike'ole'ia, e hō'ike ana i kahi moe kupaianaha o Svyatoslav o Kiev, a'ike'o ia iā ia iho i kahi waihona waiwai ho'olewa. A ua ho'okō'ia kāna moe.

I ka'ike'ana o Svyatoslav i ka lilo'ana o nā pū'ali Lūkini, ua hina'o ia i ke kani'uhū. Ua lawe'ia'o Prince Igor. Ua ola'o ia ma lalo o ka mālama'ana o nā Polovtsians, akā i ho'okahi lā,'o kekahi o lāua,'o Laurus, i'ōlelo'o ia e pe'e. 'O kēia ma muli o ka mana'o o Polovtsi e pepehi i nā pio pio Lūkini. Ua'ae'o Igor e pakele. Ma lalo o ka uhi o ka pō, ho'olālā'o ia i kona lio a hūnā malū i ka papa Polovtsian.

Ua hele'o ia i ke kahawai'o Donets no nā lā he'umikumamākahi, a ua alualu'o Polovtsi iā ia. 'O ka hopena, ua mālama'o Igor i ka'āina Russian. I Kiev a me Chernigov ua ho'okipa'ia'o ia me ka hau'oli. Ua ho'opau'ia ka "Word" i kahi'ōlelo ho'opi'i nani i'ōlelo'ia i Prince Igor a me kāna mau hope.

Nā kānaka o ka Lay o Igor

'O ka mea nui o ka Lay o Igor ke Campaign,'o ia ho'i, Prince Igor Svyatoslavich. He po'okela ko'iko'i kēia, a'o ia ka mea nui e lanakila ai i ka'enemi a mālama i ka'āina Lūkini. Me kona kaikua'ana a me kona pū'ali koa lanakila, ua mākaukau'o ia no kekahi mea no ka nani o ka Makuahine.

Ma ke ala, inā'oe e'imi i ka hō'ailona "'O ka'ōlelo e pili ana i ke regiment o Igorev," māka 9, hiki iā'oe ke loa'a ia ma nā hale waihona puke o kā mākou mau kula.

Igor Svyatoslavich ʻo ia i ka hewa, no ka mea, o ka a ka mea, o ka mea i luku mai kaua, Lūkini wahine i wahinekanemake, a me na keiki - keiki makua ole.

'O ke ali'i Kiev Svyatoslav he kanaka e makemake ana i ka maluhia a noho maluhia no Rūsia, ho'okolokolo'o ia iā Igor a me kona kaikaina Vsevolod no ka wikiwiki i ka hana'ana i nā ho'oholo a me ke kaumaha i lawe'ia mai i ka'āina Lūkini. Ua kāko'o'o Svyatoslav i ka ho'ohui'ana o nā ali'i, no kā lākou hana hana kū'ē i nā Polovtsians.

Ke ki'i o Yaroslavna ma ka hana

'O Yaroslavna - ka wahine a Igor -'o ia ka mākau waena o "Le Lay of Igor's Host". Inā'oe e hō'ali'i i ka "Le Lay of Igor's Host",'o ka uē nui o Yaroslavna i loko o ka hana holo'oko'a. Yaroslavna e uwe oukou ma ka lani kiekie loa halekiai pale Putivel (ua kokoke i ke kēia kūlanakauhale Polovtsian hehi). Kōkua'o ia i nā'ano o ke'ano. Ma ka mana o kāna mau'ōlelo, ua'olu'olu lākou. Pāpā'o ia i ka makani i kona ho'oku'u'ana i kāna mea le'ale'a, a huli'o ia i ka Dnieper a me ka lā.

'O ka hō'ulu'ulu'ana o ka "La Lay of Igor's Campaign," he pōkole pōkole o nā mea i hiki iā'oe ke heluhelu ma nā puke o nā mea noi'i'ōlelo, e hō'ike ana ua ho'onui'o ia i ka waiwai i nā hanauna hope aku ma mua o ke kumuhana o ka hana, a ua unuhi'ia'o Weeping i nā'ōlelo he nui. Ke mana'o nei ka mea kākau o ka "Lay" i ka hopena o ka Lament o Yaroslavna i nā mana maoli, a pēlā'o Igor Svyatoslavich i pakele ai mai ka lawe pio'ana. 'O ka'oihana kaulana loa o ke ki'i o Yaroslavna ma ke keaka mele "Prince Igor" na A. Borodin (kākau'ia mai 1869 a 1887).

Polovtsy ma ka "Lay of Igor Host"

'O nā'enemi nui o Prince Igor a me nā pū'ali Lūkini ma ka hana,'o ia nā Polovtsians. 'O kēia ka po'e e noho ana ma ke kula,'o ia ho'i, ka hapa nui'ole,'o nā pae Lūkini S.

'O nā pilina o ka po'e Lūkini me nā Polovtsians'ano'ē a'e, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mau hoaaloha, a he'enemi paha. Ma ka kenekulia'umikumamālua, ua ho'onāukiuki ko lākou pilina. Inā'oe e no'ono'o i ka "Lay of Igor's Host",'ōlelo ka hua'ōlelo gula o Svyatoslav iā Igor o ka pilina me nā Polovtsians. Akā,'o kona mau pilina me ka Polovtsi e mau ana i ka'ino'ole. Wahi a ka noi'i o nā kūpuna, ua pilina'o Igor Svyatoslavich me nā Polovtsian khans Kobyak a me Konchak. Ua mare kāna keiki kāne i ke kaikamahine a Konchak.

'O ka hana ho'omāinoino o nā Polovtsians, ka mea a nā mea kākau mo'olelo a pau i ho'omaopopo ai,'a'ole ia i'oi aku ma mua o ka hana o ia manawa. 'O Prince Igor, i ka pio'ana i waena o Polovtsy, hiki nō ke hō'oia i ka hale Karistiano. Eia kekahi,'o ka pilina o nā po'e Lūkini me nā Polovtsians i ho'opōmaika'i'ia ho'i i nā po'e Lūkini,'a'ole i ho'okaho'ia e ka Ekalesia Katolika. Eia kekahi, ua kū'ai'ia nā waiwai Lūkini ma nā māla Polovtsian, ma ka la'ana, ma Trebizond a me Derbent.

Ka moolelo kahiko o ka Lay of Igor's Host

'Ike'ia'o "'O ka hua'ōlelo e pili ana i ke regiment Igorev" e hō'ike ana ua hana'ia kēia hana i ia mau makahiki i māhele'ia ai'o Rusia ma nā māhele ka'awale.

'O ka nui o Kiev i lilo i waenakonu o ka'āina Lūkia i kēlā manawa ua aneane e nalo. Russian na'lii a lilo kaawale Hawaii, a ua pili i ka hoʻokaʻawale o ko lākou'āina, a hiki i ka Aha o Liubech i ka 1097.

Ua ha'iha'i'ia ke kuikahi i ho'opa'a'ia ma waena o nā ali'i ma ka'aha'ōlelo, a ho'omaka nā kūlanakauhale nui e ho'ā'o i ke kū'oko'a. 'A'ole na'e i'ike iki kekahi mau mea e pono ana'o Russia e palekana, e hele mai ana nā'enemi mai nā'ao'ao a pau. Kū maila'o Cumans a ho'omaka e kaua me nā po'e Lūkini.

Ma ka waena o ke kenekulia 11, ua lilo lākou i mea pilikia nui. "'O ka Lay o Igor's Campaign,"'o ka hō'ulu'ulu'ana o kēia mea e ho'ā'o nei mākou e pa'a, he mo'olelo e pili ana i ka pilikia weliweli o nā po'e Lūkini a me nā Polovtsians.

'A'ole i hiki i nā Lūkini ke kū'ē pono i nā Polovtsians no ke kumu i hiki'ole ai iā lākou ke komo i kahi'aelike me lākou. Ua ho'onāwaliwali'ia ka ikaika o ka moku'āina Lūkini nui loa. 'Ae, ma kēia manawa i Rūsia, ua ho'okahuli'ia ka ho'okele waiwai, akā, ua ho'olālā'ia ma muli o ka pilina o nā pilina ma waena o nā'āina like'ole.

I kēia manawa, aia kahi ho'onohonoho pinepine i waena o nā po'e Lūkini. Ua ho'omākaukau koke'o Russia e ho'ohui i ho'okahi, akā i kēia manawa he nui nā'ano pilikia.

'A'ole kākau ka mea kākau o kēia hana ma nā mea kaua wale nō a nā Lūkini e kū'ē i nā Polovtsians. Ho'onani'o ia i ka nani o kona mau'ōpiopio a me nā ululā'au, nā ki'i nani o kona'ano maoli. Inā i Ka Ikepili o ka "hoahu", i ke ano o ka mea Radio he kūlana kumu nui. Kōkua'o ia iā Prince Igor e pakele mai ka lawe pio'ana a ho'i i Russia. 'O ka makani,'o ka lā a me ka muliwai Dnieper kona mau mea kōkua ma ke ala mai ka home Polovtsian mai.

'Oia'i'o o ka "Lay of Igor's Host"

Ma hope koke iho o ka pa'i'ana o ka "Lay of Igor's Host", ua kānalua nā mana'o kānalua. Ma hope o ka pau'ana o ka puke o kēia hana i ke ahi i ka makahiki 1812,'o ka hua mua wale nō i pai'ia'ia a me ka kope i kākau'ia no ka hō'ili'ili a me ke a'o'ana.

Ua kānalua nā kānaka noi'i he pono ka hana, no nā kumu like'ole. 'O ka mea'oia'i'o,'a'ole hiki ke'ike i ka'ikea o ka mea kākau, a'o ka lua, i ke kumu o nā hana'ē a'e o kēlā au, "He nani loa ka'ōlelo," he mea'ole ia, ma ka kenekulia 12 e hiki iā ia ke kākau i kēia.

I ka makahiki 1963, ua'ōlelo'o'AA Zimin, he kanaka kaulana nui, ma hope o ka wehewehe'ana i ka "The Lay of Igor's Host",'o ka'ōlelo gula a Svyatoslav i mana'o'ia ai e kākau'ia e Joel Bykovsky ka hana i ka 18th century, a laila ua kākau'ia'o Spaso-Yaroslavsky Monastery.

Akā na'e,'a'ole i loa'a koke nā hō'ailona hou o ka'oia'i'o o "Lay of Igor's Host". 'O ka hō'ailona kūpono'ole o kēia Codex Cumanicus, he puke wehewehe'ōlelo o ka'ōlelo Polovtsian, i hō'ulu'ulu'ia ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 13. Ua kū'ai'ia mai ia e ka mea kākau Pelekane Italia nui'o Francesco Petrarca. Ua'ike'ia'o ka hua'ōlelo "Word" i nā manawa i loa'a i nā'ōlelo loan mai Polovtsian mai,'o ia ho'i, nā'ōlelo Polovtsian. Hiki ke loa'a nā hua'ōlelo ho'okahi ma Codex Cumanicus. He mea maopopo loa i ka pau'ana o ka Polovtsian i kēia manawa i ka wā Ma waena. No laila, hiki'ole i ka ho'opunipuni'ana i kēia hihia. I kēia manawa i ka makahiki'umikumamāwalu,'a'ole'ōlelo kekahi o Rusia i ka'ōlelo Polovtsian, no laila hiki'ole ia'u ke ho'okomo i nā'ōlelo Polovtsian i loko o ka puke o ka hana.

'O ka'ike o ka "The Lay of Igor's Campaign,"'o ka hua'ōlelo gula a Kauka Likhachev i'ōlelo ai i ho'okahi manawa, me ke kōkua'ana o Codex Cumanicus, ua hā'awi nui loa i ka ha'awina o nā puke Lūkini. No ka mea, he mea hiki'ole paha'o Forge Codex Cumanicus:'o ka'oia'i'o, ua ho'opuka'ia kēia puke wehewehe e Petrarch i ka makahiki 1362 a hiki i ka Halepule Nui o San Marco ma Venise kahi i mālama'ia ai a hiki i ka makahiki 1828. I kēia makahiki,'ike'ia'o kēia puke e ka German German orientalist Julius Heinrich Klaproth. A i ka hapalua o ka makahiki'umikumamāiwa, ua'ike'o Russian Russian i ka Codex Cumanicus.

Ka wahi kākau "Ka Lay o ka Mea lawelawe a Igor"

'O ka'ike o ka "La Lay of Igor's Campaign" e'ōlelo ana ua piha kēia hana i ke aloha i ka'āina Lūkini a me kona po'e. 'O kahi o ke kākau'ana i kēia hana,'o ia paha,'o Novgorod. A hana'o ia iā Novgorod. Hiki ke ho'okolokolo'ia kēia i nā hua'ōlelo dialect i hō'ea i ka "Word", a laila ho'ohana'ia i Novgorod. 'O kēia mau'ōlelo e like me "karna, Osmomysl, haraluzhny, Goreslavich".

"Ka Lay o Igoa o Igor" - he hō'ailona o kēia hana e hō'ike maopopo ana i ka mea kākau mai Novgorod. Kūkā'o ia i ke kūlanakauhale'o Dudutka, kahi kokoke i Novgorod. 'O nā'āpana kālā e hō'ike ana i ka hō'ili'ili o "The Lay of Igor's Campaign", nogata a me ke kaona, loa'a nā mea noi'i ma kahi o nā mo'olelo kahiko wale nō - ma Novgorod. I Hypatian a me Laurentianʻoihana aliʻi o ole hua'ōlelo. Ua'ike pū'ia ka patronymic Goreslavich a me Osmomysl, i'ōlelo'ia ma ka "Lay of Igor's Host", e nā mea noi'i ma nā manuscript manuscripts a birchbark.

'O ka hō'ailona o ka mea kākau o ka "Word" i hō'oia'ia e ka mea i hō'ike'ia e ka papahana i nā kukui'ākau. Me kona kōkua, ua hō'ike ke Akua iā Prince Igor pehea e ho'i ai i ka home mai ka noho pio'ana. Ma hope paha,'o ka mea kākau o "The Word" i hope o ka Arctic Circle a'ike'o ia i nā kukui'ākau.

Ka'ike'ana i ka "Lay of Igor's Host"

"'O ka Lay of Igor's Campaign,"'o ia ka mea i ho'opuka nui'ia no ka po'e heluhelu a pau o kēia mo'olelo, ua mālama'ia mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia'umikumamāwalu,'o ia ho'i, mai ka manawa i loa'a ai ka Count manusin manusus Count Musin-Pushkin. I ka wa mua, ua pa'akikī ka hana'ana me "Word". 'O ka mua, ua unuhi'ia. 'O ka lua, he mea pono e wehewehe i nā wahi kūpono'ole i hiki ke ho'omaopopo'ia, nā mea nui a pau. 'O ka hapanui o nā mea'epekema kū i'ike'ia i ka'ōlelo "Word" i ka manawa Soviet, aia ma waena o lākou'o Academician A. Likhachev a me O. Tvorogov. Ua'imi lākou e ho'iho'i i ka hua'ōlelo mua o "Word" a hā'awi i ka unuhi kūpono.

Ke a'o'ia'ana o "hua'ōlelo e pili ana iā Igor's Campaign" ma ke kula

"Ua a'o lō'ihi'ia ka" Lay of Igor's Campaign "ma nā kula ki'eki'e a me nā kulanui. 'O kāna a'o'ana he 7, 8, 9 mau papa. No ka ho'omaopopo maika'i'ana i ka hana, ua ho'ohana'ia nā'ano like'ole, me kahi disikā e hō'ike'ia ai ka papa o ka hana kahiko o Rusia. 'O ka ha'awina o ka "Lay" i loko o ka Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve, a loa'a i nā haumāna ka manawa e'ike ai i nā mea like'ole e pili ana i kēia kumuhana.

Nā mea nui o ka hana

'Oiai'oiai ua a'o maika'i'ia'o "The Lay of Igor's Host" i kahi lō'ihi, a no ka manawa lō'ihi,'a'ole i maopopo ia mau mea a pau i ka'ōlelo o ka hana.

'O ka'ikepili o "The Lay of Igor's Campaign,"'a'ole i wehewehe'ia ke'ano o ka hopena, ke hō'ike nei he nui nā mea e pono e nānā'ia. No laila,'a'ole maopopo i ka mea kākau'ia o ka "Words" e pili ana i nā holoholona maoli, ai'ole nā Polovtsians, nona ka inoa o nā kūpuna o nā holoholona. 'A'ole maopopo i ke kumu i hele aku ai'o Prince Igor i ka hale pule'o Pirogoshchy ma Kiev. Ke kali nei kēia mau pu'upu'u i kā lākou mau noi'i.