Ka lono kaumaha hopena o ka "Britannica". Ka moku "Britannica": kiʻi, Ana, mōʻaukala

O Paliuli a hiki i kona waapa mua kukulu kanaka a pau, a ua i ka lanakila i ka moana a me ka moana, ka mea, i nui kenekulia. A pau i kēia manawa, kanaka pu o ka moku. Over manawa, i ka nui o na moku mahuahua like me ka helu ana o ka mōhai i loko o ulia.

All mooolelo o Hanalei wawahi i ka 20th kenekulia, ka wā e mehe mea, ua aʻo mua, e kūkulu i ka ike loea a me ka ikaika moku, cruisers a me nā moku,ʻaʻole subordinated wale i ka windswept laau holo moku. Liner "Britannica" - kekahi o ka luahi o ka moku.

Ka moʻolelo o ekolu moku, na hoahanau

Hōʻeleu i ka uuku ae la o ke ola i loko o ke kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia, ninau mai quicker neʻe ma ka makahiki mua o ka mea, ua mua. Hoʻomaka koke ka ulu 'oihana ma waena o nā'āina, a me ka nuipa emigration i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, mai Europa a me na wahi e ae o ke ao nei i hana i ka pono no ka kiʻekiʻe-mana a me ka kiʻekiʻe-māmā transatlantic moku.

I ka 1902, ka mea a hemo "Lusitania" pāhana, ma aʻAmelika 2 o ka launa nui a me ka mämä holo o ka moku i ua hana. Kaikuahine moku "Lusitania" a me ka "Mauritania" i ma luna o ka transatlantic amo, a kau i ka pomaikai o ka Pelekania kalepa'auwaʻa i ka aneane e make.

Ma muli o ia he hana nui loa i ka US ma na shipyards 'Harland a me Wolff' i loko o Belfast, ka mea i hoʻoholo i kūkulu i ka 3 airliner, no ka oi kona nona iho a me ka pono o ka 'Amelika. Ke Customer Ua lilo kekahi o nā alakaʻi o "White Star Line" ke kāki hoʻouna poe.

Pela no i ka 1907, hoomaka ae la ka papahana o ka Beritania Admiralty, no laila, i ka malamalama i ike ai i ka muli o ekolu moku-hoahānau - " 'Olumepika", "Titanic" a me ka "Britannica". Moku ohua like me ka waeʻano o na moku, pela iho, lilo nui māmā ma mua o na i ka manawa o ke kaua battleships, i ke aloha i ka lako a me ka mea hope loa 'enehana.

Hiʻona "Britannica"

He aha ka hana hoihoi i pili i na moku ekolu o ka iaʻano māhoe o Beritania poe, o ka mea i i kūkuluʻia kēlā me kēia ka mea i hahai ana ka mea mamuli o kekahi moku ma mua hewa, akā, i ka mea maikai hoʻopaʻi ua nō i loko o ka ipu mua - " 'Olumepika". ko lakou "mau kaikaina" Haʻalele, ia oi ma mua o 500 manawa i kela kapa o ka 'Akelanika, oiai ka "Titanic" ua wale 1 holo, oiai ka "Britannica" - 5.

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka "Titanic" shipbuilders i loko o ka mooolelo a pau o ka hewa i alakai aku ai i ka downfall o keia moku, i ka hana o ka "Britannica". Ka moku ua apparently mea i like loa me kona "hoahanau", akā, hoao iho la e e nui aku ikaika a me ka hemolele. He Uaʻoi aʻe o moku, a me nā pā ma waena o nā bulkheads ua e pale aku caiieiaiey o ka moku i loko o ka hanana o ka ulia. Kēia au mamuli ua he nui ka lanakila o ka "Britannica". Ka moku 17 Ua watertight i pohā, e ka mea unsinkable 6 hamama ka wā e hoopiha mai ana i ka wai compartments.

Ua Hoʻololi 'Ua kekahi ano o ka moku, iluna no. Ke ano e ana o davits, a hoʻouka ia i wale ma na aoao, akā, no hoi ma ka hope, ae ohua e evacuate ma kekahi kapa liner.

Moku hoakaka:

• hauna o lōʻihi - 269 ka m;
• akea o - oi ma mua o 28 m +;
• kiekie, mai ka waterline a hiki i ka moku, iluna no ua 18,4 ka m;
• no ka hana o ka engine 29 hoʻohana mahu ieoaeunoai no ka eha-paukūʻolokaʻa mahu kiko'ī mau, pili me ka mea ma waho nā kui nao (16 000 Hp ..);
• ka huina o ka mana o ka engine mea 50 000 ho'āo ai. p.;
• moku holo ua mai i 25 knots.

Ma Pepeluali 1914, ka mea i hemo aku ma luna o ka "aliʻi". Ka moku, he Hawaii photo no i ua ma na pepa i nā'āina a pau i pepehiʻia e kona nui a me ka grandeur.

paneʻe

Day o Pepeluali 26, 1914 ua ka watershed, "Harland a me Wolff" (Belfast) no ka shipyard? Ieoaeunoai e ka poe e hana. iho ana moku ka i wahi me ka mauʻoluʻolu o ka hue Kamapane ma luna o ka papa, no ka mea, o ka moolelo i ole iwilei.

No ia manawa i ka nui o ka "Britannica" a me kona pono, aohe ona lua - ia ke lawa 790 ohua 1 papa, lua - 835, kolu - 950 luina mau lala ka i no hoi he nui wale - 950 kanaka.

A pau i na manao e pili pū ana ma ka amo lehulehu ona me ka transatlantic holo ana, i kue i loko o August 1914. Ke outbreak o ka First World War ua hoomakaukau "Britannica" i ka hopena o ka lana haukapila. Ma ka papa, ua kau 437 lālā o ka 'inikua limahana, 675 kanaka mai ka moku o ka moku, a me 3.300 poino nā mea maʻi.

Perestroika "Britannica" ma ka haukapila

I mea e hoolilo i kekahi ohua airliner i loko o ka haukapila waeʻano, ia i kekahi mau e hoʻololi i ka nānā aku a me Kalaiaina o "Britannica". Ka moku i "hoʻonaniʻia" He omaomao ka paopaoʻana a me eono ula nā keʻa - kiʻiona na hoailona e hoike ana ia ia mea he maluhia Halemai Moiwahine,ʻaʻole he koa moku.

Kūloko hoololi, he oi nui. Ke keena i hoohuliia i pae'ōnaehana hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, e kū pono me seriously eha, a me ka dormitory no ke kookoo. Ua fits ma luna o ka moku i ka 2034 a me ka 1035 o ka poe noonoo ole pelu moe. Promenade kāhiko i hoohuliia i ka 'Oihana no na koa me ka nīnūnē nā palapū.

I ka luna o ka moku hou o Charles A. Bartlett.

First huakaʻi "Britannica"

hoomaka i ka moolelo o "Britannica" like me Mokukaua Moiwahine 23.12.1915 makahiki ia ia i hele mai mai o Liwapula, makaukau e lawe mai i ka eha koa, a poai puni i no Napela, a me ka Helene awa o Moudros ma ka mokupuni o Lemnos.

Together a me nā'ē aʻe liners refitted - "Aquitaine" a me ka "Mauritania",ʻo ia cruised i loko o ke Dardanelles.

Captain "Britannica" Ua hoʻolauna i ka ikaika? Eia i ka poe malama ole wale i ke kookoo, akā, i ka hoʻomanawanuiʻana.

• 6.00 + ala i loko o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kahi moe;
• aina kakahiaka ma 7:30, ukali ma ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe lumi;
• Captain ka huakaʻi ma 11,00;
• aina awakea ma 12:30 me ka, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka lumi lumi;
• kī 16,30;
• Ahaaina ma 20,30;
• piliwaiwai i ka luna ma 21:00.

Ke kanana 'ka hoʻopaʻi hoʻohana' ia e malama i ka haukapila ma ka mea. Ua i, e hele i Napela oe pono e refuel i ka moku i December 28, 1915, a i ka "aliʻi". Ka moku, i mea he Hawaii photo i loko o ka hou lākouʻaʻahu ka mea, ua recognizable i ke aouli o ka Kaiwaenahonua, hiki lanahu a me ka wai, a hele aku la i Moudros, kahi āna i manaʻo i kaʻeha.

Loading ana 4 lā, a ua 9.1.1916, ka moku ua pae nā mea maʻi i loko o Southampton. E hoolilo ana i 2 hou "salable" no ka eha koa, "ke aliʻi" hoi aku la i ke kalepa'auwaʻa ma muli o ia i ka hoohiamoe ia i loko o ke Kaiwaenahonua.

E hoʻi o ka "Britannica" i ke kaua

Ma September 1916, ke Kaiwaenahonua hehi kekahi manawa hou i koa hana i koi 'ia ke alo aku o kekahi moku nui no ka mea hoʻoliloʻeha ma luna o ke kahua kaua.

German U-moku plying i loko o ia mau wai, e luku aku i ka enemi i ka hei ai lakou, mai ka poʻe kaua o ka lana ana mines i loko o ka puali hapa o ke Kaiwaenahonua kai. Ma ka hoʻokokoke mai ai i ka oihana kumu ma Lemnos Ally moku pinepine hāʻule i loko o kēia mau pahele.

November 21, 1916 ma ka pilikia ma waena o nā mokupuni o Kea a me Kythnos ili nā "Britannica", ia ia i holo i loko o kekahi o ka papa anuʻu loa kai noʻu. Ka Naita me ia ana i 8 hora, 7 minuke, i ke kakahiaka, i ka wa a ka hapa o ka hoʻomanawanuiʻana, a me ka kookoo ua nō i loko o ka lumi lumi ma ka aina kakahiaka.

Hope minuke "Britannica"

Ke kāpena e auhau i ke kulana, a hoʻoholo i ka mea makemake e hiki ke lawe mai i ka moku i ke kokoke iuka, a holo ka moku. Kēiaʻoihana kaʻa i wale hooikaika mai i ka moku palemo, e wehe mai i ka paku paia ma waena o nā compartments e.

ua hiki ke wehewehe ana i ka make i ke kai "ke aliʻi" kekahi moku hoike. Elua Naita me ia - o ka mua, mai kaʻaoʻao'ākau, a ma hope o kekahi mau minuke o ka lua, mai ka hema, i ka moku kuekue wawae. hoomaka koke i ka wai, e hoʻopiha i ka kaua a me ka keena, a i wehe i ka ventilate i ka pa-portholes.

Ke piʻoloke Ua lawe mai i loko o ka waapa ma ka pololei oe ano, e like me nā mea a pau e hoomanao, i i hoʻomakaʻu na ohua o "Titanic." Ka mua mau lifeboats i kuʻu iho i loko o ka wai, e hoʻi ai i keia mea o ke kokoolua, i aia ma laila, mai na kanaka e ala hou mai ma lalo o ka wai, akā, ke hana "Britannica" nā kui nao.

Ma hope o 55 minuke, ihu o ka moku i ka pa a ke ku i ka lalo, a mai ka hitting pa i ka moku, a capsized. Mahalo i ka mea hahau, a me ka mōakāka alakaʻi o ka luna a me ka poʻe i kōkua mai i ka hoolohe ana o ka moku 1066 ohua pepehi 30 kanaka.

Cousteau huakaʻi

Ua ua loaʻa i ka make ana o "Britannica" he wahi lihi iki o na lono a me hoopiiia. Kekahi la i ke Aupuni iho Beritania waikahe moku, 'ē aʻe hoopiiia ma na torpedoes kī mai ka Kelemānia mokuluu ma unarmed haukapila.

Created like me ka transatlantic ohua liner, "ke aliʻi" i ole e kekahi hele ma ka 'Akelanika, aʻaʻole hoʻoneʻe he hookahi ohua. He hele aku la ia ma ka moolelo like ka nui moku e komo 'ana i loko o ka First World War.

E hana i ka mea i ka mea, Pohō i ka moku, i hele mai i loko o "Calypso" Aegean Sea ma luna o kekahi moku i ka 1975, he kime alakaʻiʻia e ka mea kaulana Jacques-Iva Kusto. Ma muli o ka 'ikepili i haawiia mai ma ka Beritania Admiralty nńnń, ke kime i i loaʻa i ka moku, a hoomaka ae la e huli no ka mea, me ka hoʻohana' Radar. Ma hope oʻekolu lā o ka huli ana no ka luina o "Calypso" Ua loaʻa kekahi wahi o ka make ana o ka liner loa ma lalo o ka 'ē aʻe wahi.

Ka pahuhopu o Cousteau huakaʻi ua e hooholo i nā kumu o ke kui a me ka hōʻike o pehea ka make "ke aliʻi". Ma ka lalo o ka noiʻi loaʻa hauna kokoke i ka moku o, a ua akaka hiki wale i kekahi anaʻe mai hitting i ka ihu i ka lalo. haʻawina More nui i i mālama 'ia ma muli o ka mea i kaupalena' Lako o ka manawa. Ua ua i ka manawa hookahi-ma, ma i ma ka mua 'aoʻao o nā mea a pau o nā nūpepa ma laila i e moe ana ma kona mauʻaoʻao'ākau, "ke aliʻi". Photo ma ka lalo i haawi ala i na mea he nui ka lono, haawi mai ia i ka moku i hōʻike i aneane 7 mile mamao aku, mai ka wahi e Hōʻike ke kāleka.

I ka loaʻa mai o ka oiaio

I ka 2003, he huakaʻi o kela hoʻoholo ihola e hoao i nā hua'ōlelo o ke Aupuni Kelemānia i ka "aliʻi" ku i koʻu. Ka mea i loaʻa i kekahi o koʻu mau kahua, a hiki i ka i koe iho o ka lele, i ke olonā wāwae o ka moku. Lakou noho ana ma ke kaula, e kū ana i ka lalo.

ʻO kēia luʻu lako a pan ae e kiʻi i loko o ka moku, a huli i mea maoli i loko o ka minute o ka Naita me ia i wehe i ka watertight bulkheads, e hoike ana i kekahi o ka palaleha '.