Ka Red Book o ka Kostroma māhele: holoholona a me nā mea kanu

Na Red Book - o ka papa palapala, a iloko ona i kakauia mea e pili ana i ka papa moku'āina o ka pohihihi a me ka miomio o mea kanu a me nā holoholona laha 'i loko o ke ao nei. Ma ke kumu o kēia mau 'ike ua lawe mai e hoʻomohala i ka' epekema a me ka mea hiki ana no ka maluhia a me ka paʻi hiki ole no ia specimens.

Red Books i kekahi mau pae (lahui, ke aupuni, a me ka 'āina').

Red Book o ka Russian Hui

E hana ma ka puke Red o kēia Rusia i ee aku i ka makahiki 1992, akā, i ka lehulehu ākea ia iho i paʻiʻia wale nō i loko o 2001. Mai laila, ka mea, hoomaka ae la e hele mai nā 'āina' RedʻIkepili Books e pili wale ana i kekahi mau 'āpana' ole lihi. Mau ka lehulehu ākea i pili Red Buke o ka Kostroma māhele. Animals a me nā mea kanu i heluʻia i loko o kēia annotated Edition, hoihoi i loko o kanaka,ʻaʻole wale nō o ka Kostroma māhele 'āina, akā, i nā kupa o ka Russian Hui.

He 'atikala He He manawa pōkole papa inoa o na holoholona o ka Book Ula o ka Kostroma māhele' āina, e like me ka papa inoa o nā mea kanu a me nā manu. A concise ho'ākāka 'ana no kēlā me kēia' ano kaawale, e kōkuaʻoe maikaʻi ike i ka nani a me ka nani o na wahi lulu ano o ko ke ao nei, a e e malamaia a ua hoomalu e mau.

Kostroma māhele 'āina

Kostroma Oblast ua aia ma ka akau-hikina o Europa Rusia. Ua Ua Aia i loko o ka moraine puu, i kekahi manawa, i pohopoho papu.

Ke kahi mea kaulana no kona wai. Ma ka palena o ka Kostroma māhele 'āina, aia nō ma kahi o ekolu tausani muliwai, o ka poe nui a me ka uuku, o ka mea nui o ka i mea ka Volga. Ka hapa nui o ka māhele 'āina i ka ?? eoi? Ua uhiʻia ma ka ulu lāʻau, ka hapanui coniferous. Nolaila, i kekahi Pehea lā ka manaʻo i ka mea waiwai, a pēlā nō ka ka flora a? Aaoa o ka wahi, nona ka kaianoho koholā mea ai okoa, a he nui kona mau maka: ia mea a me ka māpuna muliwai kahe, a me ka wiwi lepo kahawai; keia anuanu mea kanu, a me ka pulu grassy kula.

He aha nō i nāʻano o nā flora a? Aaoa i malama i ka Book Red o ka Kostroma māhele 'āina? Photo a me ka hōʻikeʻano o ia mea e e waiho ia i loko o kēia 'atikala.

? Aaoa. vertebrates

Ka Poeikohoia o na? Aaoa o Kostroma māhele - ka poe no ka mea he oluolu kaianoho koholā nahele a me tundra. E like me ka oihana ike, ma ka aina, he ekolu haneri a me kanaono-ʻeono? Anoee vertebrates, he kanawalu-eono o i i manaoia pohihihi a miomio.

Animals Kostroma māhele 'āina, helu ma ka Red Book - mea, ma luna o nā mea a pau, a me nā manu rodents. 'Oiai, aia nō i waena o lākou, a me Moana, e like me ka mea Europa mink.

Na Europa mink - he ieaeiieoa? O ka weasel ohana. He ola ana ma na kapakai o freshwater me kāhela kapakai, ulu me ka mauu a me alders, i hanai i ka iʻa, crayfish a me na rana. I kekahi manawa e hiki ai e haawi aku i ai nā manuʻaiʻia.

Ka hanohano nō hoʻi hiʻona o kēia 'ano - i ka' auʻauʻili lahilahi ma waena o nā manamana. mink kino lōʻihi papa koa mai ka 28 a hiki i 43 knm, a me ke kaupaonaʻana - mai ka 550 a hiki i 800

Ke Europa mink ua ike no kona waiwai für, no laila, ke Book Red o ka Kostroma māhele 'āina i kekahi olelo hooholo, e lawe iā ia ma lalo o ka moku'āina hoomalu. Ua laweia Similar hana, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe o ka Book Red o Rusia.

? Aaoa. pōkole papa

Pohihihi keia miomio o vertebrates Kostroma māhele 'āina i loaʻa:

Mammalian papa:

Mai ka aoao o Insectivorous - Lei muskrat a me Amelika pygmy shrew.

Mai ka aoao o Bat - Red noctule, loko'ōpeʻapeʻa, lōʻihi-puluʻaha,ʻelua-waihoʻoluʻu ili a me na mea e ae.

Of rodent - Siberian lele squirrel, Sadovaya Sonya, lāʻau lemming, a pela aku ...

Class mea kolo:

Mai ka aoao o ka unahiʻole, i - Anguis fragilis a me ke one moo.

Mai ke kauoha o nā nahesa - Lei copperhead.

Ka papa Amphibians:

Mai ka mea waʻa, - Siberian salamander.

Mai ka aoao o ka tailless - Europa ahi-opu toad, he pono ole spadefoot toad, Marsh rana , a me ka nui, he nui na mea e ae.

No laila, inā 'oe makemake e imi i ka aina Kostroma, e mālama i loko o ka hoʻomaka, heluhelu i ka Red Book, oe e ole accidentally luku waiwai a me ka miomio o? Ueo.

? Aaoa. Vertebrates. iʻa

Kēia manaʻo pili i nā mea a pau lawaia, a mau ipo o spinning, no ka mea, o ka Book Red o ka Kostroma māhele i malama i redkovstrechaemyh iʻa. I waena o lākou mākou e hōʻike i ka Europa grayling, mai ka poe kaua Salmoniformes.

Europa grayling - he freshwater iʻa o ka Salemona ohana, i ka pakahi aku la ia hana 'ia nā pōpō, a ola i loko o ka anu a me ka maemae wai. Kona lōʻihi ke hiki 60 knm, a me ke kaupaonaʻana - 6.5 kg. Grayling ai crustaceans, punawelewele, mollusks, nā mea kolo, a me ka hiki ia liilii.

He noteworthy iʻEulopa graylings i nä meaʻai aroma thyme (ole thyme).

Ma ka Kostroma māhele 'āina e e pale a me nā freshwater iʻa: Sturgeon, Lūkini sturgeon, Lūkini bystranka, Gorceac, huehue vulgaris, a me na mea e ae.

? Aaoa. Vertebrates. manu

Owai la ka mea hou aʻe i malama i ka Book Red o ka Kostroma māhele 'āina? Animals komo i loko o keia papa inoa, no kela papa a me subspecies. Ka mea, ua maikai loa, a admirable i loko o ko lākouʻano,ʻano a me ke kūlana o ke kaiapuni.

Mawaena o ka poe? Aaoa e hoʻolohe i ka eheu-me. Kekahi o ia ai ma lalo o ka malu o ka Book Ula o ka Kostroma māhele 'āina? Manu i oleloia ma ka ia - mea, ma luna o nā mea a pau, i ka poe o Ciconiiformes, he ao alohilohi i specimen o i mea no ka Black kikonia.

Black setoreka - he nani manu hana 'ia nā pōpō. Kona huelo i ka waiwaiʻeleʻele waihoʻoluʻu a pau, e ku e ia i kaʻulaʻula wāwae a me ka nuku, he pololei ai olinolino a me ka, pili.

Manu o ka nahele wahi, kokoke i ka wai, ae ho'āʻo ana kanaka a me ka hale noho like. I hanai vertebratesʻano nui ka poe liilii, a me ka invertebrates (kekahi manawa i rodents, nahesa a me nā hana o ua moo).

Ka hooilo Black kikonia ma South Asia. Kona punahele pastime - soar ma ka lele, eheu hohola-aeto. Hatches kikonia chicks e pili ana i ka mahina, ka mamo i Konakele. Haoʻa i kekahi i kekahi. Over ka mau mahina e hiki mai ana, i ka makua manu hānai i keiki, belching ai.

Other manu, a Shoes ka Book Red o ka Kostroma māhele (a ma laila nō ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kanalima), e hoi nani a me ka insufficiently? Anoee, e like me Black kikonia. Mua o nā mea a pau, ua Hinahina aredea me Little kipoda, Whooper Swan a me Red-umauma Oie, Golden aito a me ka Hula-ai ia aito, Merlin a me oystercatcher, Drozdovidnaya Warbler a me HAWFINCH, a he nui na mea e ae.

? Aaoa. invertebrates

Ka Red Book o ka Kostroma māhele he i ka papa inoa o invertebrate holoholona, koi 'ia kūikawā hoomalu. No a loaʻa he kanakolu-ewalu? Ueo. Mau nā kekahi pūpū (pono ole mussel a manoanoa ka pūniu muliwai mussel), crustaceans (Lai schiten, Summer schiten, Astacus leptodactylus), Dragonfly (Green kupunawahine,''he nani, Lütke-nymph),'ūhini lele me (German racer, Ke kinikini chafer, Widest uhini lele) , Hymenoptera (Big birch sawfly, Average nalo hopeʻeha, bumblebee honua), a he nui na mea e ae.

? Aaoa. Letra Kolohe Kai

O ka ihu, ma lalo o ka hoomalu ana o ka moku'āina hāʻule a me Letra Kolohe Kai lehulehu. Iwaena o lakou - Swallowtail.

Swallowtail - he aloha lā hahai o ka ohana Lepidoptera. i hoʻonaniʻia kona alo fenders me ka aahu hana kāhiko -ʻeleʻele mau kiko a me streaks, e like me ke akeaʻeleʻele palena. A e kūkulu eheu i ka oi kahaha ko oukou naau kumu: uliuli a me ka melemele loʻi hoʻokō i ka ulaula-ʻeleʻele maka, hoopuniia eʻeleʻele oki mare. Wingspan kēiaʻano o ka hahai hiki a hiki i 81 mm o ka poe kane a pau a me ka wahine 94 mm o.

Swallowtail ola i loko o nā kula mai o acee? Iuo oeiia, ma ka ululaau kihi a me e ho'āpono wale, ala a? Uy?.

Wahine kau hua swallowtail, hoʻolahalahai ma loko o ka lewa, ma luna o ke kīloi paʻewa ili o ke kumu a me ka underside o na lau o ka kaua mea kanu, a hiki ia i ka bipi parsnip, dill, parsley, alder Maksimovic, girchovnitsa, fraxinella mohnatoplodny, a he nui na mea e ae. No ka mea, o keia, me ka'ōlelo o nā Letra Kolohe Kai olohelohe ia lakou i ka extermination nui me ka no o ke ahi, mowing mauu, ke mauu nei a hehi kula ikaika ae la.

Eia naʻe, 'Aʻohe wai iaʻu, mai pohihihi keia? Ueo o? Aaoa ma ka Red Book, o ka papa, e komo pū a me ka poeikohoia o ka laau honua.

Flora. pua

Mea kanu o ka Book Ula o ka Kostroma māhele io hanana. Ka mea, e luku mai ana ma ko lakou nani a me ka singularity, i nā akua a me nā mea lahaʻole nani.

Mua o nā mea a pau, ia mea aneane iwakalua laha 'o ka orchid ioeo quire ka buttercup ohana, no ka oi aku umikumamalima laha' o ka sedge a me ka mauu. I waena o ia i kekahiʻano o ka flowering a me ka mea ala flora, olelo ai e e i o ka bulbous Calypso.

Calypso onion - he perennial herbaceous mea kanu o ka orchid ohana, kū mai no kona kekahi pua nani aʻo. I ka nui a me kaʻala pua me kuu iho ilalo poo kīnā i ka lōʻihi o ka hola 1.5 knm, a mai ka lehelehe me ke kikohukohu sac (ka hola 2 knm). waha hoʻokino e like me ka kāmaʻa, i mea ma ke kumu o ka ekolu kaola he melemele lauoho.

Calypso Flowering ia lŘlŘ ma May a me June, a me ka fruiting - i loko o July, a August.

Akuma ka lawe loli pua lau, no laila ka mea, ua uhiia me ka hau mea nō hou uliuli lau, i Hōʻike ka Tropical kumu Calypso bulbous.

Flora. nā mea kanu

Mea kanu Kostroma māhele 'āina, helu ma ka Red Book, ua i kaupalena' ia wale i nā waihoʻoluʻu. Ka mea, i nā Lichens (Lobar akemāmā), ula ka līoho (Batrahospermum lei), mosses (Sphagnum bog, Gomaliya trihomanovidnaya, Dikranum lomkolisty), e like me ka pono me kekahi o na laau a me ka laau uuku. Mua o nā mea a pau, ia mea - Loparskaya Willow, Willow chernikovidnaya, dwarf birch a me ka birch squat.

Ka lōʻihi o ka malama ana ia hoʻokahi haneri a me kanalima eono laha 'o nā mea kanu a me kanu meaola. Iwaena o lakou, olelo ai e e i o ia i ka hua nui flora likeʻeleʻele crowberry.

Crowberryʻeleʻele (aole hoi i eleele Shiksha) - mea he uuku evergreen laau uuku Keola ohana. Uluʻano nui ma ka nui, ua loaʻa crowberry ka nalu ma luna o kahi pohaku mau mea, e like me ka pono me ka coniferous ka ululāʻau a me tundra, a me nā one.

Nā lālā o nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi i he'ōmaʻomaʻo, iʻeleʻele a ulaula iki kala like 'ole, a me ka pua i he omaomao iki a pink ai ka lepera-poni waihoʻoluʻu. Akuma ka crowberryʻeleʻele opaque drupe hua a i lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka'aiaola waiwai.

Ke kumukuai o ka puke

I hiki ke ike, no ka Book Red o ka Kostroma māhele - keia mea he mea nui a me ka hoihoi 'ana keiki. Hoʻonaniʻia me ka aahu ki io i hoʻolako me ka manawa pōkole ano a me ka 'ike e pili ana i ka mea okoa miomio o? Ueony, ia e lawe like me ka maʻamau wahi i loko o kou waihona, a kōkua oe hui i ka pono a me ka hanohano nuʻukia - mālama a me ka palekana o ke kaiapuni.