Ke kūlana o ke kaua i loko o ka puke "Kaua a me ka maluhia". Ke kiʻi o ke kaua i loko o ka puke Ln Tolstoy ka "Kaua a me ka maluhia"

I ka manaʻo o ka puke "Kaua a me ka maluhia" ma Tolstoy i waho i kakahiaka nui me 1856. Hana i na hana mai ka 1863 a hiki i 1869.

Confronting Napoleon i 1812 - ka papa kuhikuhiE hanana o ka mōʻaukala o ke kakahiaka nui 19th kenekulia. Ke kūlana o ke kaua i loko o ka puke "Kaua, a noho mälie '" ua loa nui. Philosophical manaʻo Lva Tolstogo i hookomo pili kēia i kona kiʻi. I ka haku mele 'ana o ka puke War ninoaaeyao he kikowaena wahi. Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich hoʻohuiʻia ka hopena o ka loa o kona mau huapalapala ua me ia. Ke kaua, i lilo ai i loko o kā lākou Kawaihae kuleana ke kahua, ka mea kiʻekiʻe wahi o ka uhane? Acaeoey. Akā, ia mea,ʻaʻole wale nō ke climax o nā mea a pau i ka moʻolelo laina hana, akā, i ka mōʻaukala moʻolelo, a hōʻike i ka hopena o na kanaka o ko kakou aina. Ke kūlana o ke kaua i loko o ka puke "Kaua, a noho mälie '" e e kūkākūkā i loko o kēia' atikala.

War - hōʻike, lawe mai,ʻaʻole ma ka rula

Ua Ua lilo i hana nui loa no Lūkini lehulehu. Lvom Nikolaevichem Patriotic War ua manao like i ola ka hoao ana vnesoslovnogo ke kuʻikahi, o kanaka. ¶ A hiki i ka pālākiō o ka lāhui kanaka ma luna o ka pā hale o ka lehulehu hoihoi. Ka hoohalike ana hoi, o ka lahui kākau moʻolelo o ka Kaua o 1812. Ua hoʻomaka 'ia me ke ahi manawa i loko o Smolensk kulanakauhale, a ma lalo o kekahi mooolelo o ka mua kaua mea i kupono, e like me ka hoʻomaopopoʻia Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich. Ke ahi o nā kauhale e pili pū a me ko laila mau wahi, me ka lakou hee hope ana ma hope o nā kaua lehulehu, i ka'a'āʻana o Moscow, Borodin puhi, lālau kanaka Kalihiwai, guerrilla kaua, pereimka amo - ka mea, ua i ike aku, mai na rula. Mai ka pili aupuni hihiu i pâʻani 'o ia i loko o Europa, ua Napoleon a me Alexander I, i ke kaua ma waena o Rusia a me Farani ka mea, ua lilo ia i kaulana, i ka hope o i ka hopena o ka aina i kaukaʻi. Higher koa Aupuni i ka mea ia manawa ua hikiʻole ke kanaka hoʻoponopono i ke kūlana o nā māhele: kona i ka manaʻo a me nā kauoha mai i hoʻopili like i ka maoli moku'āina o ka noho ana, a i hana.

Ke paradox o ke kaua, a me ka mōʻaukala kumu hoʻohālike

I ka papa kuhikuhiE paradox o ke kaua, Tolstoy ike ia Napoleon ka poe koa, e lanakila kokoke e na kaua, ma ka hopena ua lilo i ke kai eʻe e hina ole nui haʻawina ma ka Lūkini kaua. Ka maʻiʻo o ka puke "Kaua a me ka maluhia" hōʻike i ka pio ana o ka Farani - i ka hoike ana mai o na kanawai o ka mōʻaukala. 'Oiai, ma mua kilohi ia i ka haʻaheo i ka manaʻo i ka mea i hiki mai ai ka irrational.

Ke kūlana o ke kaua o Borodino

He nui Episode o ka puke "Kaua a me ka maluhia" wehewehe i au mamuli o ka oihana koa hana. Pela Tolstoy ua ho'āʻo ana e recreate Hawaiʻi nei oiaio kiʻi. Kekahi o ka loa nui Episode o ke Kaua Honua II - mea, o ka papa, i ka kaua o Borodino. Ua iʻAʻole e pono kekahi i Lūkini paha me ka Palani ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka hoʻolālā. Tolstoy, arguing i kona iho kulana, kākau i koke hopena ua e e, a ka mea ua ai no na kanaka o ko kakou aina i Rusia dangerously pili Moscow ka make ia. Ka Palani aneane luku i kona poe koa a pau. Tolstoy Pono nń i Napoleon a me Kutuzov, e lawe ana a me ka haawi ana i ke kaua o Borodino, hele mai pointless a involuntarily, ua waiho aku hoi i ka ia mōʻaukala nele. Ke no ia mau hopena o keia kaua i ka wanton mahuka mai Moscow komohewa, i ka hoi ana mai o ka Smolensk alanui, i ka make ana o Napoleon ka kaua o Farani, a me ka thousandth elima haneri, e i ma Borodino i kau mua o ka lima o kaʻenemi, me ka uhane ikaika. Ke kaua mea ai, e like nae ka mea, i ole ano, mai ka oiai ua ike mai o koa hoʻolālā, ua he hoike ana o ka inexorable kanawai o ka mōʻaukala. Ua ua inevitable.

Ma ka haʻalele 'Moscow

Ka haʻalele 'ana i nā kupa o Moscow - he kīnā o ke patriotism o ko mākou mau hoa maka'āinana. Kēia hanana, e like me Tolstoy Ua oi nui ma mua o ka hee, mai Moscow, ka Lūkini poʻe kaua. Kēia Ua hoike ia e ka lehulehu hana o civic ike paka i. Kupa i makemake ia e noho mana ana ma ka naʻi aupuni, ua makaukau hoi e hana i kekahi mohai. Ma nā kūlanakauhale a pau o Rusia, aʻaʻole wale nō i loko o Moscow, kanaka haʻalele lākou mau wahi i noho ai, puhi i ke kulanakauhale, e luku mai i ko lakou mau waiwai. Napoleon ka poe koa iʻalo me keia kŰia wale nō i loko o ko kakou aina. Kupa o na kulanakauhale e ae lanakila ma nā mea a pau nā'āina pono noho iho ma lalo o ka mana o Napoleon, i ka mea ia manawa, ua hiki i ka? Eaia lanakila.

No ke aha la e hoʻoholo e haʻalele Moscow nā kupa?

Leo ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia i Moscow heluna o ke kapikala haʻalele spontaneously. National haaheo kūpaʻa kanaka, aka, ma mua o Rostopchin, a me kona patriotic "inoaia." haʻalele i ka loa mua o ka paukü hoʻonaʻauao, waiwai kanaka, ka poe i ike nui pono ia Pelelina a me Vienna noho pū, a me ka mea o ka poe noho i ka hana ana o ke kulanakauhale ma ka Napoleon kana a he leʻaleʻa manawa me ka 'ōlelo Palani, ka mea i aloha ana Lūkini na kanaka a me ka papa, na wahine. Ka mea hiki ole ke hana ole ia, no ka mea, aole ia i nei no compatriots ninau mākou a pehea he hewa, a me ka manaʻo maikaʻi i loko o Moscow ma lalo o ka mana o ka Palani. Ka mea, ua hiki ole ia ia ma ka mana o Napoleon. Ka mea, ua wale unacceptable.

Hiʻona o ka guerrilla neʻe

An pono o ka kaua me Napoleon ua he nui-me ka unahiʻole guerrilla ana. His Lev Tolstoy ke kahea aku nei "i ka laau palau kanaka ka o." ʻenemi lāhui kanaka lanakila unconsciously, e like me ka rabid ilio nahu mai, e make zabegluyu ilio (hoʻohālike o Leo Tolstoy). People luku piecemeal nui kaua. Tolstoy kakau iho e pili ana i ke ola ana o kekahi "poe" (guerrilla pūʻulu) nona ka manao wale no - expulsion, mai ka'āina Lūkini ka Palani.

Me kona manao e pili ana i ka "papa o ka pāʻoihana", i komo intuitively People ka War i hana ai me ka mōʻaukala mea ua paipaiʻia. Ka oiaio Pahuhopu alualu ma ka guerrilla pūʻulu, uaʻaʻole e loa luku aku i ka enemi koa a hopu Napoleon. Wale me he figment o kakaolelo i nā palapala o nā pūkaua a me nā aliʻi i hoʻopaʻa haʻawina, ma ka hoike, communiqués hanana o ka manawa, e like me Tolstoy, ua he kaua. Ke AIM o "kūmūmū" ua maopopo he hana o kela patriot - akaka, mai ke kaua ana o ko lakou aina.

Ka lākiō Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo kaua

Tolstoy, hoapono ana i ka kanaka ka kaua o ka liberation i ka 1812, ua hoahewa i ke kaua, e like me ia. He koho ia e like me ka mea ku ole i ka mea a pau 'ano o ke kanaka, me kona kumu. Kekahi kaua mea i ka hewa ma luna o nā mea a pau manaʻo kanaka. Ma ka Ewa o ke kaua o Borodino Alana Bolkonsky ka mea, ua makemake e make no ko lakou aina, akā, i ka mea ia manawa hoahewa i ke kaua, me ka manaoio aku i ka mea, o "ka loa hoʻopailua mea." He hāwāwā, luku. Ke kūlana o ke kaua i loko o ka puke "Kaua, a noho mälie '" e hoao hoi ia.

I ka weliweli o ke kaua

Ma ke kiʻi o Tolstoy 1812 - ka Mokuna hōʻike, a Lūkini kanaka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ku. Naʻe, i kēia mea ma ka ia manawa ehaeha a me ke kaumaha, no ka weliweli o ka extermination o kanaka. Pono a me ka physical hoomanawanui ua hoano e ia e nā mea a pau - a "hewa" a me ka "pono", a me ka sīwila heluna kanaka a me na koa. Ma ka pau ana o ka kaua mea i accidental hoʻopaʻi hoinoia, a auou caiaiai i loko o ka ua Lūkini aloha a me ka hoʻowahāwahā i kaʻenemi i luku mai. A me ka hopena o nā huapalapala lewa inhumane ano o nā hanana o ia manawa. make iho la o Petero, a me Prince Anederea. Hope wawahi i ka make ana o ke keiki muli loa a ke Countess Rostova a hōʻeleu i ke demise o ke Kauna Ilya Andreyevich.

'O kēia ke kūlana o ke kaua i loko o ka puke "Kaua a me ka maluhia". Tolstoy me he humanist nui, o ka papa, hiki ole ke kaupalena 'ia ka patriotic fervor i loko o kona kiʻi. He kakou e hoohewa i ka kaua, i mea maoli, ina ike a me kona 'ē aʻe hana. Ke kumu nui hiʻona o ka puke "Kaua a me ka noho mälie '" e ano o ka hana ana o keia haku ai.