Ke kumuhana Ke'āina i loko o Lermontov M.Yu. Lermontov ka poem e pili ana i ka'āina

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov, He oiaio no i kekahi o ka mea nui loa Lūkini haku mele, nona ka inoa i lawe mai i ka moʻokalaleo o ko mākou'āina nā hualoaʻa a kaulana. Ma ka waiwai o kona waiho aku ma luna o ka par me ka geniuses nui me Alexander Pushkin a NV Gogol.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE makakū manawa o ka haku mele: Romantic (1828-1832), ka hoʻololi (1833-1836) a oʻo (1837-1841). Ke kumuhana Ke 'āina i loko o Lermontov holo ma kana hana a pau.

Mai ka hapalua like-1830s, ka haku mele hoʻomaka e loaʻa iā kona kūikawā pilialoha hapai ana o ka mōʻaukala a me ka nohona kaʻina, i hanaʻia i ia manawa ma ka Europa philosophical aesthetics a me historiography (door Schlegel, Hegel GF, GG Gervinus A Z. Herder listen'ōlelo.), like hoʻi me Lūkini a me Europa moʻokalaleo (Schiller, Goethe, Bestuzhev, W. Scott, N. Field, K. Ryleev, i kakahiaka nui Gogol a me na mea e ae).

Palapala na manawa a me na hanauna

Like mai la I. Goethe, ka artist pono haha aku i kēia kaʻina hana like merging pu me ka hala a me ka makana. E like me ke GG Gervinus, makakū kanaka me he lālā o kona nele ia e ke kinai "i loko o ka poʻe kaua o ka make." Hoʻopaʻi ua maopopo i ke kō o ka mau loa pilina ma waena o wā e hiki mai a me ka hala hanana i loko o ka manawa.

Hoʻomaopopo ia iho i loko o ke kūlana like, Lermontov lawe i ka hoomalu ana o ke kanaka kanaka. E manao ana i ka pilina o nā hanauna a me nā makahiki, Mikhail i ka mea ia manawa hele ma kā lākou mau hana keaka nahā i. Ke anu ike maopopo ua kue i ka ike paka i ka ke kumu o ka'ōlohe wiwo i hala o ka Lūkini kanaka. Ua ālai 'ia' o ka hoʻomanaʻo, socially nui hana o ke aloha oiaio, i lawe mai kanaka a pau i loko o ka lahui ulu hui, kau ia ma luna o ka hou kiʻekiʻe o ka pono a me ka uhane ka hoʻoponopono-hoʻi a me ka ulu ana.

Kanaka-moʻolelo-ke ao pau

Contrasting i ka hala e, Lermontov, ka theme like o ke 'ano a me ka motherland a ua hoikeia mai ma na hana, e like me VF Egorova, makemake e hookaawale ia mai ka haʻilula o "paha, ka '-mōʻaukala-ke ao pau" waena ke keʻena. Ikaika aku i ka mōʻaukala, Mikhail ike kona hana i loko o ka palapala hoopii hoahewa o ka Contemporary hanauna o inaction a me apathy (ka poem "Duma"), a he mea hoʻomanaʻo no ka nani'ōlohe wiwo hala ana o na kanaka ( "Borodino").

DS Merezhkovsky debunks ka nā kaʻao o ka mea e hoʻopiʻi ana i Solovyov "demonic" Lermontov. He mai nei i kekahi manawa, heluhelu ke kālā no moʻokalaleo,ʻo ia kaʻikeʻole manaʻo kupu ana ia ia i hooweliweli Lūkini aku o ka lanakila. Palapala ma waena o ka makahiki hope he kanalima ma ke kahua o ka moʻokalaleo a me ka ike maopopo, ka mea kākau kākau, luku aku. Kēia i ka lewa i loko o nā hana o Lermontov.

"Song no Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich"

"Song no Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich ..." ua komo i loko o ka hookahi moʻolelo kikokikona hana ia e ka mea kākau i ka moe uhane, i ka moe uhane ana o ka mea kaʻao nani i hala ka wā o ka Lūkini i "makaala na kanaka" hiki o ka mohai, he'ōlohe wiwo hana a me ka hana i loko o ka inoa o ka luna pahu hopu, " i ke kānāwai mau loa "i inducing he kanaka i ia'ōlohe wiwo hana. Ka mea, e hoʻomau i ka iki hou, akā, noho mau loa i loko o ka hoomanao ana o na kanaka, ma ka hoʻohuiʻia "manawa" e "ao". Ke kumuhana Ke'āina i loko o Lermontov pinepine hoikeia i loko o kēia mau hana, a, e like me Mikhail Yurevich, lakou i ka hou mythological kaao e no ka artist, a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo e like me Alexander i mai la, Pushkin, "oi aku ka pomaikai" ma mua o mōʻaukala Memories.

Nā Lyrics o ka hou type

Lermontov i hanaʻi i kona poetry na Lyrics o ka hou type e hui i ka pololei AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka moolelo, mōʻaukala a me ka pilikino ka hoao ana, a me ka hope philosophical manaʻo. Ua Ua hoi synthesized ma ka makewai o ka honua ka pomaikai a me ka 'imi naʻauao noʻonoʻo, generalization a me pilikino kuko a me Emotions, laa, metaphysical hua'ōlelo a me ka maʻamau o ka olelo.

Lermontov Ua nānā 'ana i nā mea a pau i ka nui philosophical manaÿo e pili ana i ke kanaka a me ka kanaka maoli (Kant, GWF Hegel, Schelling, Fichte IG listen'ōlelo.), Akā, i ole e koho i kekahi o ia mau mea. Kona poetic manaʻo huli i loko o ka mea hana o ka pakiko-ike a me ka ike ana o ke ao nei, e lanakila i ka hoʻokau 'o rationalism a me ka subjectivism kālaiʻike hoʻomaopop' ana i loko o ka ke kālā no romanticism, ke kāpaeʻana disharmony Contemporary ike maopopo, e holo ana e imi maoli nō uhane nā loina.

MY Lermontov,ʻilikai i ka lono kaumaha kahua o kēia Rusia, a manao kanaka ma keia aina, mau imi Oko e hoʻi i kekahi kanaka i ka aina a pau, na kanaka, i ke kookoo o ke Akua. E like me ka hopena, i ka haku mele, assimilate, a hōʻuluʻulu i nā piʻi like o ko Lūkini a me ka honua o poetic manao, au e hamama ana na ka manaʻolana 'ia no ka hooulu ana i ka hou kuhikuhi - symbolist poetry milestone 19th a me 20th kenekulia, e like me ka mea a pau wā e hiki mai ana o poetry.

Ke kumuhana Ke'āina i loko o poetry Lermontov weheʻia i loko o ka pilikia manawa o ka hoʻololi. Me ka mana a me ka expressiveness o Lermontov hookomo honua o nā hana a me nā manaʻo ulu uhane kanaka o Contemporary malumalu wā. I hanaʻia me ka haku mele i loko o ka palena ma waena o ke anoe o ka feudal serf'ōnaehana a me ka nele o ka oiaio, i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, ka mea, ua loa i olelo ia i kēia waena pilikia ma ka manao, haehae na kaulahao shackling kona kahiko manaÿo, akā, no i loaa hou kumu.

MY Lermontov. 'āina: theme like a me ka manao,

Ke kumuhana Ke'āina i loko o nā hana o Lermontov, i ka pilina o ka kanaka, a me ka moku'āina puʻe wale Mikhail Yurevich nānā i ke kahua o ka huʻi pono a me ka kaiapili-philosophical pilikia. I ka Ia manawa ka mea, ua kāpili, e like me ka huahelu i loko o ka manaʻo o ka haku mele i ole he lākou i pili i loko o ke kaiāulu a me ke kanaka, nana aku la au, mai ke kuanaʻike o ko ke ao ano.

"Duma"

Kanaka hōʻike Lermontov i kū'ē i ke ao nei a pau i ka mana, akā, pinepine pilikia no kona hōʻole o ka mea a pau i fettered ku okoa ana o ka poʻe haʻaheo pono kīvila. Ma keia hihia, no ka haku mele huli mai ai i kona wā. Ma ka poem "Duma," i kākau 'ia ma 1838, he kaumaha manaʻo o ka hanauna, make e hele ma ke ola me ka haalele i kekahi kumumea i loko o ka moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, replaces kona kūlana uʻi a moe o ka pilialoha heroism.

Lermontov manaʻo nae e hōʻike aku i kona wā i ka oiaio e pili ana i ka deplorable pilikia ma a he mau i ko lakou manao a me ka uhane. Ma ka manao o Mikhail Yurevich, ka mea, ua he akahai, nāwaliwali-Ke makemake nei anei, hōhē wale hanauna e ola ana me kekahi manaolana no ka wā e hiki mai. Kēia i ka haku mele ka piʻi like mea paha oi paʻakikī ma mua o ka makemake no ka pono o ko lākou aupuni a me kona ku okoa ana, e make ma luna o ka'āwai. No ka mea,ʻaʻole wale nō Lermontov ka poe enemi, akā,ʻo ia mau mea no ka poe ana hōʻike keia kaumaha oiaio, Mikhail Yurevich, ua hoopiiia oia no'alapahi kēlā i ka Contemporary lehulehu. wale VG Belinsky me kona 'Amelika naauao hiki ke ike ia ma ka "kapa a me ka maikaʻi-? Noaaiiiai i" e pili ana i ke ola Lermontov manaoio i loko o ka hanohano a me ka hanohano o ke kanaka ola.

A mama i loko o ka inoa o ka Motherland

Mikhail i ole makemake a me ka hiki ole hūnā i kona mau manao. All poem, dramas, poem a me ka pōʻino nui ma kona peni i loko o ka heʻumikumamākolu makahiki o, piliʻike hoʻokumu - keia meaʻoiaʻiʻo he mama i loko o ka inoa o ka motherland a me ka noho kauwa ole ana. Ke kumuhana Ke'āina i loko o nā hana o Lermontov hoʻi,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka glorification o ka Lūkini lanakila ma ka poem "Borodino", i loko o ke kaulana laina "I aloha aku i ka fatherland ...", akā, i loko o na mea he nui o ka hana, a i ole 'ana kamailio e pili ana i ke ku okoa ana,ʻaʻole e pili ana i ka'āina, akā, no ka kauoha o ka haku mele, ka hopena o ka hanauna, ka mea hāwāwā, ka hookahe koko ana, mehameha paahao, ko o ke ola, o ke pio. Hoʻomanaʻoʻana i kona Contemporary hanauna o ka'ōlohe wiwo hala ana o na kanaka ( "Song e pili ana Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich", "Borodino"), oia hoikeia manaoio i loko o ka makakū a me ka'ōlohe wiwo kanaka Loaʻaʻia, a hiki lanakila i ka pōʻino o ka wā e hiki mai, ka mōʻaukala, a me kaʻikena kulana. Love no ka Lermontov'āina uaʻeleu, ha awina.

Lermontov ka meʻe ma ka poem "Mai Andreya Shene" Hōʻike 'ia ma o ka pono no ka lehulehu' ana i loko o nā hana, "10 July 1830" a me ka "Ma July 30, (Paris) 1830" Ua makemake e komo i loko o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni kaua, a aloha i ka i komo, i loko o ka poem "olelo wanana a" o kona mau pena o Laielohelohe i ka uprising.

'āina i loko o ka kakahiaka lyric

Nā koa o ke kakahiaka nui poetry - Byron a me Napoleon - Mikhail kekahi sings he lehulehu hana. Eia naʻe, i kona ka hōʻike o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni upheavals, e like me ka meʻe o volitional hana Napoleon, e contradictory. Lermontov kakau iho la i kekahi fateful makahiki i ka wa a ke aupuni mō'ī ua hoʻokahuliʻiaʻo ia, kanaka e hooki i ke aloha i ke alii, a me "ka ai ana i na mea he nui ka make a me ke koko." Ho'ākāka 'ia ma kiʻi - i ka hopena o ka uprising i loko o ke aupuni - mea he' aka, a he okoa na mea he hauʻoli manawa i i imi i ka meʻe. He ka apotheosis o chaos, ka make, e loaa ana 'aʻole hoʻi.

"Olelo wanana a"

Ma ka poem "olelo wanana a", i kākauʻia e ka haku mele he poe umikumamaono i ka 1830, Lermontov wanana o imminent catastrophe a me ke kaumaha hopena o ia mau hanana. Ka weliweli huahelu o ka Ilamuku, ua portrays i loko o kaʻeleʻele nani. Kēia metaphor kiʻi o impenetrable ka pouli, i nanaia manawa no o na ao o ka uahi a me ka kenekulia.

Mua i loko o kona mau kakahiaka poem Lermontov expresses disbelief i loko o kanaka a me ke ola, o ka manao. Hope, lanakila i ka attraction kukakuka iho Byron, oia ke imi e loaʻa kākoʻo no kā lākou mau ideals i loko o ka lanakila wale. Ke kumuhana Ke'āina i loko o Lermontov hoʻomaka e puhiʻokoʻa. He wehewehe i ke aloha no ka'āina Hawaiʻi (manaʻo, no ka mea hoike, i ka "'āina" o ka pauku Ka Ikepili o Lermontov), i ka manao o ka merging me ke ano maoli, ua lilo iho la ka hana o ka lokahi a me ke ke ao holoʻokoʻa ( "I ka nalu yellowing, ako").

"Borodino"

Ke kumuhana Ke'āina ua hoikeia mai ma ka kaulana poem "Borodino" ma Lermontov. Kēia hana i paʻiʻia ma ka "Contemporary" i ka makahiki 1837. I ka moolelo o ka poem hele hoʻi a hiki i ke kakahiaka nui pilialoha poem "Field o Borodino." Lermontov ma na aoao o ka palapala hana hoʻololi. Location i ike ole horn, ku okoa ana-puni, akā, i loko o kona volnolyubiya Hōʻuluʻulu, i "makua" - loa ai prosaic narrator, e like me ka pauku Ka Ikepili. Lermontov aina hanau nana houʻoia iʻo no ka mea, o ka mea kikokikona, kekahi walohia hae māhele i ua ua holoiʻia, i ole hoʻopili like me ka ike maopopo o ka hanana. E like me ka hewa auanei, pilialoha ino, a allegedly mai ai ma luna o ka Ewa o ke kaua, ua UAIAaIN e ka maopopo haule ka po, a, Noord-e aku o ka lanakila. Ka mea, uaʻAʻole pono ka mea o ke ano hoohanohano, e like ka hahai ana i ka hoike maoli o ka waiwai nui o ka haawina ana 'o Lermontov. Nolaila, "Borodino" ua lilo i ka par me na masterpieces oi o koʻoia iʻo Lermontov ka "kauoha," "'āina" a me ka "Valerik".

Hoʻololi i ka 'ano moʻokalaleo

Lermontov ka poem ma ka theme like o "'āina" Ua radically loli a me kona 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke. Didactics hoole i kakahiaka nui "Borodino Field" Ua ua hanaumua pono maoli, ironic didactics intentionally na mea a me ka mōakāka ka kakou kamailio ana. Ka huahana o "Borodino" He He His. Kaupalena naʻe, ia mea he didactic puke, ma i ka loa o ke kaua huli i loko o kona polemic i ka inert, sluggish, apathetic, e like me ka mea haku mele, maoli. Belinsky lapaau ana "Borodino" like me ka duality o ka hana i loko o i ka foreground - i ka moʻolelo o ka koa kahiko,ʻoia iʻo portrayal o ka ike weliweli o ke kaua, i kona hoomaopopo, oiai o ka lua - ka awaawa o ka hoino, contrasting i hala a me ka makana, me ka hoahewa ia mea e oi aku ana hopena i loko o ka poem "Duma".

Ke kumuhana Ke'āina i loko o Lermontov ua inextricably ua hoʻopili i ka manaʻo o ke aupuni a me na kanaka. Belinsky kaulana i Ua hoopihaia Lermontov me ka uhane o ke aupuni 'ē aku, merged me ia. E noke hou i ka haku mele hana i loko o ka wā o ka stagnation. I loko o kēlā mau makahiki hoala i ka ninau o ka hou? Acaeoey o ka moku'āina a me kona wā e hiki mai. Mikhail Yurevich patriotic aloha ala ae loa i kakahiaka nui, a a laila lilo ka mea nui. Ia no he keiki o ka umikumamalima, MY Lermontov,'āina theme like i holo ma ka hana a pau, kakau iho la: "ka hale a me ka nui o koʻu aloha aku no na mea he nui" (ka poem "au i ike ai i ke aka o ka oluolu ...").

Ke hou lyrical meʻe

Ma hope o ka makahiki 1837 loli me ka nui loa lyrical meʻe: hoomaka iho la ia e haha like me nā kanaka, aku, mai ka demonic. Wā ia iho me he luahi o ka manawa,ʻo ia ma muli o kona 'elele. Aia ka hoihoi i loko o ke ola a me ka poʻe'ē aʻe, a hiki uhane, loko kohu me ia, kekahi manawa huli i loko o ka hou 'i loko o kekahi koa a pio ( "hoa", "hoalauna", "ka mea i paa," "pio Knight"). Ma keia kokekau ka meʻe o hou kūpono. He ikaika Kahalaopuna ka futility o individualism, ka undecidability o kona kūloko maʻokoʻa, paio e loaʻa kākoʻo no kā lākou mau ideals. Hou e hoʻomaka e kani, a me ka theme like ana o ka motherland i loko o nā hana o Lermontov.

Ke symbolic kiʻi o ka motherland

I ka haku mele, i pilialoha, a ua hana i ka symbolic generalized kiʻi o ko lākou aupuni. Lermontov ka poem ma ka theme like o "'āina" eh ÷ ike ai ia e like me ka kekahi maikaʻi. Mikhail Lermontov, nona ka'āina i ke ano o ka puu, e hoʻowahāwahā kanaka, ka poe e ole i ia, noa mai ka eha a me ka kuko. He hoʻohālikeʻana iā lākou a hiki i na ao (ka poem "ao", 1840), mau me a me ka wehe,ʻana hema mai i hānauʻo pa, ako.