Ke specificity o ka'ūhū: ano a me nā hiʻona o ka hoʻokō '

Ka hua'ōlelo "'ūhū" i Lakina kumu ae. I unuhi 'ia' o ia hoʻi "hu". Na English hoʻohana i ka manawa "'ūhū", loko mai o ka Helene manawa la me ka manao o ka mea hookahi. Nā'ūhū kapaia hana kūikawā nā polokina. Ka mea i hanaʻia i loko o na keena, a i ka hiki e hōʻeleu i ka papa o biochemical keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Ma na olelo e ae, e hana e like liluwelo catalysts. Noonoo hou i ho i ka specificity o nā'ūhū. также будут описаны в статье. E e ho'ākāka 'ia ma kekahi Kind o specificity i loko o ka pauku.

General ano

I ka hoike ana o ka catalytic ha awina o kekahi nā'ūhū ua kena ae la ma ke alo aku o ka helu o nā hui o ole-kumuʻiʻo ano. Ka mea, i kapaʻia cofactors. Ka mea, ua māheleʻia i loko o nā pūʻulu: metala Ion, a me ka helu o'okanikaʻole 'ona e like me coenzymes (ke aloha i huiʻia).

ha awinaʻano papa hana

Ma kā lākou mau Nine Inch ano, nā'ūhū nō i ka pae ana o nā polokina. Eia naʻe, e like me ka hope, nā kumu ma ka nīnau pihaʻi me kaʻeleu paena. He He kū hoʻokahi lākou o ooieoeiiaeuiiai pūʻulu o'aminoʻakika residues. Ka mea, i pololei aʻo i kaʻoihana i loko o ka lewa ku i ka tertiary paha quaternary 'ole o ka'ūhū. Ma kaʻeleu paena o ka hōʻeleu a me ka kūpapakū kala ioauoa. Hope - o ka mea ku pono i ka specificity o nā'ūhū. Ke kūpapakū o ka waiwai e hana ma luna o ke kumuʻiʻo. Mua ia i manaʻo i kā lākou AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ua lawe mai ma luna o ka "laka a me kī". Ma nā hua'ōlelo, kaʻeleu paena pono pili loa Aʻohe i ka kūpapakū. Currently Kīwala'ō ma lalo o kaʻokoʻa kuhiakau. Ua Ua manao ia initially aole mea i hua'ōlelo ń, akā, eia kahi mea akaka i loko o ka papa o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka waiwai. Ka lua - he hōʻeleu - he paena e loli ai i ka specificity o ka hana. Ma na olelo e ae, e Ho'ākāka 'ke ano o ka hōʻeleu i naoh.

'ole

All nā'ūhū e māheleʻia i loko o hoʻokahiʻanuʻu a me ka mau-ke keʻena. Ke kahiko i ke 'ole i' ano like me ka 'ole o ka poe noonoo ole nā polokina. Ka mea, aia no iloko olaila wale ka'amino nāʻakika. Lua o ka pūʻulu - proteid - ka loaʻa o kumuʻiʻo a me ka 'ole-kumuʻiʻo hapa. Hope hana coenzyme mua - apoenzyme. Hope e hoʻoholo i ka kūpapakū specificity o ka'ūhū. Oia hoi, e hanaʻia ai ka hana o ka kūpapakū pauku ma kaʻeleu paena. Coenzyme, niioaaonoaaiii, lawelawe 'ana me ka catalytic māhele'āina. Ua komo ai i ka specificity o ka hana. I hiki ke hana i coenzymes nā wikamina, ke hooheheeia, a me ka haahaa hakakino kaumaha i huiʻia.

catalysis

Hanana o kekahi Nine Inch naoh aie a hiki i ka hookui hookahe koko ana o nā lātoma interacting waiwai. Lākou mau ana i loko o ka'ōnaehana ua nānā 'ia ma ke alo o Loaʻaʻia noa ikehu. Nine reactions pono i nā lātoma i ka hoʻololi moku'āina. Ma na olelo e ae, ka mea e i lawa ka mana no ka hele i ka ikehu ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai. Ua ho i ka palena iki nui o ka ikehu i ka hai aku i nā mea a pau nā lātoma reactivity. All catalysts, nā'ūhū me, hiki ke emi i ka ikehu ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai. Kēia ka poʻea pau i ka hōʻeleu i holomua o ka naoh.

Ma ka ikeia specificity o nā'ūhū?

Ua hiki i ka lewa i loko o ka hoʻonui o wale ana i kēia naoh. Nā'ūhū mea e loli i kekahi, a me ka ia kūpapakū. Eia naʻe, kela mea keia mea o lakou, e hōʻeleu i wale no ka hana i ho'ākāka 'naoh. Ke naoh specificity o ka'ūhū hiki ke ike ia ma ka pyruvate dehydrogenase luna '. Ua loaʻa nā polokina, me ka hoohuoi ana i ka PVC. I ka papa kuhikuhiE i: pyruvate dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase, acetyl. Ke naoh ia ua haawiia i like oxidative decarboxylation o STC. Ke huahana hana like kona aceticʻakikaʻeleu.

Mea Maluna

ʻO kēia mau 'ano o ka hana i ho'ākāka' nā'ūhū:

1. Stereochemistry. Ua Ua hoikeia ma ka hiki ana o ka waiwai, e loli kekahi o ka hiki stereoisomers o ka kūpapakū. No ka laʻana, ka mea, ua hiki no e hana ma ka fumaratgidrotaza fumarate. Naʻe, ka mea, aole ia e pili i ka Kisa no-isomer - maleicʻakika.
2. Loa. этого типа выражается в способности вещества влиять только на конкретный субстрат. Ke specificity o ka'ūhū o kēia 'ano ua hoikeia i loko o ka hiki ana o ka waiwai wale nō kekahi mau' kūpapakū e aloha ia. No ka paha, sucrase reacts me sucrose, arginase wale - arginine, a no laila, ma luna o.
3. Pili. в этом случае выражена в способности вещества влиять на группу субстратов, имеющих связь одинакового типа. Ke specificity o ka'ūhū i loko o keia hihia ua hoikeia i loko o ka hiki ana o ka waiwai, e loli i ka pae ana o substrates me ka mea paa o ka iaʻano. No ka laʻana, alpha-amylase reacts me ka glycogen a me ka pia. Ka mea, i ka pilina glycoside type. Trypsin, pepsin, chymotrypsin lakou aloha ia na mea he nui nā polokinaʻakika'amino hui.

wela

в определенных условиях. Nā'ūhū i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o kekahi ana. No ka hapanui o ia mau mea, e like me ka mea momona a lawe i ka mahana o ka + 35 ... + 45 degere. I ka waiho i ka waiwai ma ka hua'ōlelo o lalo, holo 'awelika, kona hope, e emi iho. Keia ano ua haawiia keia i like me ka reversible inactivation. Ka wā kona mehana hiki hoihoiia. Ua Ua olelo mai i ka wā i hoonoho ai ma lalo o keia, ma na mea i ka luna o nā loina i ana inactivation. Naʻe, i loko o keia hihia ka mea, e ia irreversible, e like me ka hoihoi hou ia ma ua hakumakuma i ka mahana. Keia mea aie a hiki i ka denaturation o ka lātoma.

Kanawai o ka pH

Kaʻakika o kaʻoihana o ke lātoma hilinaʻi nui. Alaila, o ka pH ololi o ka ha awina, a specificity o kaʻeleu paena o ka'ūhū. Kaʻoi loaʻakika inideka no kēlā me kēia waiwai i. Eia naʻe, ma ka hapanui o na hihia ia mea 4-7. No ka laʻana, no ka Alpha-amylase o tuha kaʻoi loaʻakika o 6,8. Ia manawa, aia nō ka nui o ka hewa. Na kaʻoi loaʻakika pepsin, no kekahi laʻana, 1.5-2.0, chymotrypsin a me ka trypsin - 8-9.

lehulehu

Ka oi'ūhū Ua makana, i ka mea kiekie oia ka naoh kōmi. A like ka hopena hiki e holo ana me ka pili ana i ka kūpapakū lehulehu. Eia naʻe, theoretically hoʻoholo no kēlā me kēia waiwai i paʻa kūhohonu i ka pale maʻiʻo. I ka wa i ku ai ka mea a pau i ka hana 'ō a ma ka na kūpapakū. будет максимальной, вне зависимости от последующего добавления мишеней. Pela ka specificity o ka'ūhū mea he i kā mākou, nānā 'ole o ka hope hou o ka pale.

Waiwai-regulators

Ka mea hiki ke maheleia i nā mea kūpale a me activators. Ua o kēia mau waeʻano i puʻunaueʻia i loko o nonspecific a me kekahi. No ka mea hope type nā avtivatoram zhelchnokislye paʻakai (no ka lipase podzheluzhochnoy gland), chlorine Ion (Alpha-amylase), hydrochloricʻakika (no ka pepsin). Nonspecific activators i makanekiuma Ion i aloha ia kinases a me phosphatases, a me ka ho'ākāka 'ia i nā mea kūpale - maʻi peptides proenzymes. Ka hope, ua AEeOEXAaI ano o ka waiwai. Ua ho'ā 'ia paha ma ka cleavage o ka maʻi peptides. Ka mea, hoʻopili like i kekahi mauʻano o kēlā kanaka proenzyme. No ka laʻana, i loko o ka AEeOEXAaI ano o ka trypsin hua mai la i loko o ka palapala o ka trypsinogen. Konaʻeleu oaio? Ua hoopili maʻi hexapeptide, i mea he maopopo inhibitor. Ke ho'ā hope kaʻina o kona cleavage. Kaʻeleu paena o trypsin like me ka hopena o keia, e lilo ia i hamama. Nonspecific nā mea kūpale i paʻakai o ka mea kaumaha ke hooheheeia. No ka laʻana, keleawe sulufahate. Ka mea, i denaturation o ka hui.

inhibition

Ua hiki e nâ. O kŰia ua hoikeia i loko o ka hanana o mall similarity ma waena o ka inhibitor a me ka kūpapakū. Ka mea, komo i loko o ka paio no ka loulou i kaʻeleu paena. Inā ka inhibitor maʻiʻo mea ma luna ma mua o ka kūpapakū ua i hana kopleksferment inhibitor. I ka hoʻokuʻi i ka pale umauma hoʻokahi waiwai hiʻohiʻona loli. E like me ka hopena, i ka inhibitor e e auou caiaiai. No ka laʻana, ka mea succinate e succinate dehydrogenase hana me ka kūpapakū. Nā mea kūpale i oxaloacetate paha malonate. Nâ huahana i manaoia e ho ololi i ka naoh. Pinepine, ka mea, e like me substrates. No ka laʻana, no ka monakō koko 6-posapahate huahana ka monakō koko. Ke kūpapakū e ia i ka ia monakō koko-6 posapahate. Noncompetitive inhibition ua i manao i ka mall similarity ma waena o nā 'ona. Inhibitor a kūpapakū hiki ka poʻe hoopaa i ka'ūhū. Pela ka mea, i ke kahua o ka hou hui. Ka mea, Ua kompleksferment-kūpapakū inhibitor. Iloko o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka hana-oaio? Ua wahi. Keia mea aie a hiki i ka paa ana me ka catalytic paena inhibitor o kaʻeleu paena. Lakou i mea hoike o ka cytochrome oxidase. No keia'ūhū lawelawe 'ana me ka kūpapakū ka oxygen. Cytochrome oxidase nā mea kūpale i paʻakai o hydrocyanicʻakika.

allosteric hooponopono

Ma kekahi mau hihia, koe wale no kaʻeleu iwaena konu, a hoʻoholo i ka specificity o ka'ūhū, he mea kekahi loulou. Na ke keʻena hana me ka allosteric ia. Inā ka ia inoa ua pili i ka mea i activator o ka'ūhū maoli ka laulā. Inā ma ka pane ana i ka allosteric inhibitor komo ka-oaio? A, o kaʻeleu waiwai, pakahi, emi. No ka laʻana, adenylate cyclase a me ka guanylate cyclase pili i ka'ūhū me allosteric hooponopono type.