Stabilizing koho: ke ano a me ka nui o ka mea i loko o ke ola ana o ke kanaka

Like, ua ike mai kālaimeaola, no kekahi laʻana, he relict mea kanu, e like me ka ginkgo, a ina paha na Crossopterygii ka iʻa me ka Konohana, eiaʻaneʻaneʻaʻohe loli ana o ka miliona makahiki. Pehea la e hiki ai ia ke wehewehe ma ke kumupaʻa o ka laha 'i loko o ka paʻa mutation keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o maoli? Ke pane i keia ninau ua haawiia mai ma ka noonoo ana i ka manaʻo o "stabilizing koho" - i ka olelo ana i ua papahana e kaulana evolutionist II Schmalhausen.

I aku la oʻano o ke koho hiki wale ke malama i ka ikaika? Aneie olelo no kekahi i lawa lōʻihi manawa. I mea no ke aha la i loko o ka ia i hoʻolilo 'ia, ma ka mau, e typical a me ka pono hoʻomākaukau i kona kanaka a me kekahi mau mea okoa, mai kēia mau mutants e make. STABILIZER koho ua hookupaa iho la ia ma ka lawa helu o examples. No laila, ma hope kiʻekiʻe makani a me ka hau ma kahi o 136 pōniuniu wale hapa-make manu liilii i loaʻa i loko o North America, ua ola wale 72 kanaka. Mawaena o lakou, he mau manu liilii he awelika mau eheu, ma muli o ia i ka mea i oi ke ahonui ma mua o ka poe i loaa i ka'ēheu o ka loa lōʻihi a loa pōkole.

Stabilizing koho kaʻina Nā hualoaʻa ma ka phenotypic homogeneity o ka heluna kanaka. Me kona lōʻihi-manawa hopena ma luna o ka papa e haawi aku i ka manaʻo o ka immutability o? Ueo a me kanaka. Naʻe, i kēia mea wale nō ka nohoaliʻi immutability, a e pili wale helehelena. A pau keia'ōewe wai undergoes kekahi loli (mutation ia lŘlŘ).

Stabilizing koho ano o ke kanaka. An hoohalike o Down ka maʻi pale. Ua ua ike ia no e like me hereditary maʻi i ka haunaele ma liʻiliʻi 21-22 hui o chromosomes. Ina o kekahi haiahū kūmau ma ka nui a me ke ano o ka nui chromosomes, aia no he make ana o fertilized hua. Kekahi noho'na makaainana i ulu abortions pinepine i ka make ana o embryos me ka chromosomal abnormalities i loko o ka waena.

Stabilizing koho no ka haneri o nā tausani o nā hanauna a pau, He kuleana no ka mālama o ka laha 'o ka mea hou i ka hōʻike pū' ana i ka promutirovavschie palapala. Ole ia, ka mea makemake ole i ua i kekahi kumupaʻa ma ka ano.

A me ka mea kamaʻilio nui, ua noaaeeecaoee, he mea kekahi kanaka koho, i mea pono i ke kumu hoohalike o ka mea kanu i ka noʻonoʻo. Kona Mānoa, he wahi e hooholo i ka pono o ka mea koho mea kanu me ke kōkua o kekahi kanaka loiloi 'ana i kā lākou mau progenies. Akä naÿe i ka nui koho, e hui pu ole ai i loko o ka anoano kanaka o koho kanu, a lūlū kaawale no kaʻohana i loko o kekahi mau wahi ma ka mea i kiʻi i ka olelo maikai o ko lākou mau keiki kakou nana. Me keia hoʻokokoke mai, e hiki ke kiʻi i kekahi koho ma genotype, aole ma mua o phenotype.

Unconscious koho Ua oi pono i ke kanaka, a ua lawe mai me ka mua kekahi hana. Penei, Darwin hoao ana, no ka mea hoike, i loko o ke alo o ka hoʻokele waiwai kua'āina i loko o nā bipiʻelua, no ka ai ka mea luku ia mea o ka mea e haawi emi ka waiū, a me ka moa no kaʻai meaʻino moa e e hoʻohana iā ia. A i loko o kekahi, a ma ka lua o ka hihia, he kanaka i mea e malama i hoʻomāhuahua ai holoholona, hana i ke koho, mai i kau ia makou iho i ka pahu hopu o ka ulu hou breeds. Ia mea i loko o keia i kekahi mau mea primitive palapala Darwin, a hōʻike unconscious koho.

Ma këia i ke ola o na kanaka a pau o ka Australia, a South Africa, kńnaka i increasingly hoomaopopoia no ka pono o ko lākou mau kānāwai. Unconscious koho no ka lōʻihi manawa e hana i kekahi kanaka ma taming holoholona hihiu. I keia ua i ka hoʻomanaʻo o ka nui ka hopena i ma ka mahiai hou laha 'o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu hiki ke loaa wale ma ka mea o ka mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku. Ke'ī mai, mai ke ao ana mai o ka unconscious koho o Darwin "penei" i ka kekahi, aole e emi nui, i ke ao ana o ka ʻimi hoʻopunipuni koho, i ua ua kālaiʻia i loko o ka palapala o ke kānāwai, e hoolilo i ka mea a pau kaʻina hana o ka ulu hou kanuʻano likeʻole a me nā holoholona breeds.