Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: Kawaihae, kiʻi, sculptures

Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich o kekahi o na sculptors nui loa o Lūkini classicism, kona hana a ua imbued me kiʻekiʻe ideals o ka mālamalama, huali emotionality a kiekie humanism. E like me ia nō manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka hoʻomaka o ka XIX ke kenekulia, ma kela a me keia o kana mau hana, "hōʻike i ka hailona o ka paʻakikī, naʻau, palapala nana a me ka mea nona ka lima o ka mea kākau."

Mihail Ivanovich Kozlovsky - he sculptor, no nā mea a pau i ka Lūkini Artists i noho, paha, ka shortest, akā, i ka loa,''he keiki ola. O ka pau hoihoi o ka mea nāna i hana, kena ae la i nā kaʻao a kahiko a me ka huapalapala o Lūkini mōʻaukala. Ma ia, oia loaʻa i nā ideals i mea nui ole wale no kona wā, akā, no hoi no ka hanauna e hiki mai.

Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: Kawaihae

I ka wā e hiki mai kaulana sculptor hanau ia ma 1753 ma ka ohana o ka pū, galley'auwaʻa, kekahi o na wahi e pili ana o St. Petersburg kai. Here ia i lilo i kona wā kamaliʻi makahiki.

I ka makahiki o ka poe he umikumamakahi ua (1764) Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich loa hookaawaleiaʻe la ia mai kona home a me nā mākua hoopii i ka nui o na haumana hui ka St. Petersburg Halau o Arts. I keia manawa ma Europa nō - kiʻi kaula, kuhikuhipuʻuone, pena - oʻoʻana a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kino classicism. Ka brightest 'elele o kēia au i loko o ke akamai i ke koʻikoʻi Lūkini sculptor Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich.

Pōkole Kawaihae o ka sculptor:

• .: 1773 puka 'o ia Halau me he mekala gula;
• , 1774-1778 GG: noho ana ma Roma me he kālaiʻike boarder;
• 1780:. Marseilles Halau o Arts i hookoia aku la ia ia i ka inoa o ka academician;
• , 1784-1785 GG: i no ka kinikini kiʻi o Ana II i loko o ka palapala o ke akua wahine kahiko o ka naauao, Minerva i ua ho onui ana hiʻona a iaia o ka wā (ka hookomo hoʻonaʻauao hapai ana o ka maikaʻi mō'ī - i ka 'Aha'ōlelo akamai, a me ka' ili o ka Fatherland);
• i ka hoʻomaka o ka 1788 hou hoouna kahi'ē (Paris) e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina;
• , 1790: Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich hoi mai i ka hale, hana sculptures idyllic pōʻaiapuni;
• i ka 1796 m +-paha ke he nui moʻo o sculptural sketches ma ka theme like o ka Trojan War, a pau i kēia wā ua hoailono aku la ma ka huli 'ana no ka monumentality, hou hiʻona, i lilo kekahi o na eiiiiiaiou e hoʻoholumua i ka artist ka hana;
• i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1799 a hiki i 1801 i ka hana ma luna o kekahi kia luna koa A. V. Suvorovu, hoomaikai aku la ia Lūkini koa o nā lanakila ma ka Italia kai eʻe;
• I ka 1802 Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich i loko o ke Kuhina Nui o ke ola a me ka tālena koke make.

He Ua initially kanuʻiaʻo ia ma ka Smolensk Orthodox ilina. I ka 1931, ua hoʻoneʻe i ke kanu ana i ka Alexander Nevsky Lavra ma ka Lazarevskoye ilina

Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: kiʻi kaula

Kana mau hana - staturnaya ea ke kanaaho, monumental kiʻi kaula a me tombstones - i imbued me ka hohonu loka a me sublime humanism.

Ma ke kaila o kana mau hana a me ka nui loa ka hopena i nā aesthetics o Palani kiʻi kaula XIVIII kenekulia. O kēia mau mea, i ka maikai i ike i: i ke kia A. V. Suvorovu ma St. Petersburg, ke kiʻi "Samesona haehae ka liona ka waha" (e nani ai kā manawa i kekahi o ka Peterhof punawai), "e noho ana Girl" (Winter Palace) a me "Hymen", hana ma ka mea o ka mare ana o Constantine Pavlovich (e like me ka manawa ma ka Winter Palace), i ke kii o ke kanaka, i no ke ao ana i kanaka'anatomia.

Famous no kona bas-ke kanaaho: "Ke hoʻi o Regulus i Carthage," "Camille, hoomahaia i Rome, mai ka Gauls" (ke aupuni 'o St. Petersburg, i loko o ke kinikini Palace), "MOKUNA LXXVI o ka hewaʻole", "Polycrates", "Cupid", "Mercury, a me ka Nymph", " Apollo "(loaʻa i loko o ka iau o Alexander III).

i kakahiaka nui

Ma ka loiloi mua wā o kaʻike hoʻokumu i ka papa kuhikuhiE theme like ana o na hana o ka sculptor o ka theme like o civic pono, ka ikaika, ka hoʻoponopono-mohai a me ka fortitude.

Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich meʻe o ko lākou mau ke kanaaho i koʻikoʻi huapalapala mai ka mōʻaukala o kahiko Roma, a ma ka inoa o ka Fatherland, a me ka pono o na kanaka kaumaha lakou iho. Oia kana hana "Regula aloha me makaainana Rome" (1780), a "Camille eliminates galling o Roma," (1781).

Hill a me concise kiʻi, mōakaaka o ka haku mele 'ana, a me ka forethought mōakaaka o ka laina a me nā' ano apau loa - hiʻona i maopopo i ka hana ma luna a Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich hana i loko o ka kakahiaka wā o kaʻike hoʻokumu. Kiʻi kaula hemolele harmonize me ka kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka hale, i kūkuluʻia i loko o ke kaila o ka wanaʻao classicism.

Harmony kiʻi kaula a me ka kuhikuhipuʻuone

No harmonious kaiāulu o nā mea noʻeau, - kiʻi kaula a me ka kuhikuhipuʻuone - hoikeia'ku auanei i puna ke kanaaho hanaia no ka Concert Hall i loko o ka Ana Park (Tsarskoye Selo). I ka mea kākau o ka lānai, i loko o ke kaila o oo classicism, o George. Quarenghi (1783-1788). Ke kanaaho kaʻana i ka hoʻomaopopo like theme like - ke mele. Orpheus hookani i ka lyre tames holoholona hihiu; Apollo, hookani mele, makemake i ka pepeiao o Ceres; Kukakuka iho Art hōʻike nō ia o kailaʻae - ia mau mea e kukaʻi, i uku hoʻolohe i Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich. Ke kupua (i kakahiaka nui ke kanaaho) oko rhythmic 'ole equilibrated haku mele malimali contours a me ka hanohano kona hanohano kiʻi. A pau kēia mau hiʻona he hoʻonui i ka hanaia'na o ka lānai hanana wahine lewa.

Kiʻi Ana II

A nui kiʻi o Empress Ana II i loko o ka palapala o ke akua wahine kahiko o ka naauao, Minerva (Kahiko Rome) i hana ia e ka sculptor i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1784 a hiki i 1785. Ka Empress Ua lāʻau malumalu ma kahikoʻaʻahu, a helehelena ma ka mahiole (ke akua wahine o keʻAno). I kuhikuhi mai la lakou me kekahi lima e moe ana ma kona mau wāwae o nā Nā Kia i nô i ka lanakila i loaa ia ia. Kekahi empress ua paʻa ana i ka palapala me ka paʻiʻia ka mea, "no ka pomaikai o kona mau makaainana 'kānāwai. Pēlā embodies lākou manaʻo o ka mea hemolele mō'ī - i ka 'Aha'ōlelo akamai, a me ka' ili o ka Fatherland - Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich, sculptures i halihali i ka hehi iho o kona mahalo no ka manaʻo o ka mālamalama.

"Vigil Aleksandra Makedonskogo"

Kinikini kiʻi, i loko o nā 1780s, i ka luna 'semantic hoailona ia. Ke kiʻi o ka nani meʻe o ke kahiko i malama ia e like me ke kumu no ka sculptor e kû ana i ka ideals o ka hoonaauao - hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o ka alualu o kaʻike, a me ka makemake o ka paakiki.

Lula ea pāʻoihana haku mele 'ana a me nā kiʻi pāhawewe hou ka uhane o ka maluhia nui a me ka hanohano naau kupono. Kii kekahi oolea a me ka proportionality, laumania ua kahe ana o kinona a me contours.

kino i ke kanaka opiopio ka me ia mea i loko o ka waiʻona, nanea ana, i kona nāʻiʻo e like "opio i" ka oi kinikini aiʻaihueʻia uhi, o kona poʻo e kau mai ana ma kona lima e kau mai ana ma luna o kona mau kuli. Akā, i ka fallacy o keia nń ku manao o ka maluhia ...

sketches

Ma keʻano o extant Nails, ka hapanui o ka i mea e hoomakaukau ai sketches no ka wā e hiki mai sculptures, Hahai I kā lākou e pili ana i ka papa kuhikuhiE pulakaumaka o ka haku - ma ka laulā o nā kumuhana, a Halaman (pili kūpono loa, i ka Baibala, i ka euanelio), ma ka mea o ka noʻeauʻana i ka manaʻo nui.

Akā, me ka helu o nā Nails Kozlowski i pono e manao like kuokoa, piha Kimia hana. Mawaena o lakou i hanaia i loko o ka 1792 m + "ka Makeʻana o Hippolytus" a me ka "Theseus koe Ariadne." Kiʻiʻoniʻoni kuhikuhi mai i ka hana keaka a me ka 'ehaʻeha o pinepine', a "ha" i kēia mau hana a pau.

"Polycrates"

Ka manawa mai ka 1788 a hiki i 1790-la sculptor hou, ma Paris, kahi ana i hele aku e kuai hou ike a me ka hoao ana. E like me ka hopena o ka weliweli koko o nā manaʻo, kena ae la ma na hanana o ke kipi, e hana ma mua o ka ona, i hanau he hou ka hoʻoulu manaʻo, hou Halaman a me kanaka.

Hoʻokahuli aupuni Paris sculptor kipaku i ka manao e hana i ka moʻolelo o ka moolelo o ka wa kahiko Greece Polycrates make Samo hoʻomäinoino. Aoi ka sculptor Polycrates i mālama ai i ke kumu no ka haku o keʻano o ka allegorical pane i Contemporary hanana. Ka pepa lewa i ka artist ka makemake e hoʻowaiwai i ka figurative 'ōlelo o ke akamai. E ka mea i oi kilakila. I kona kiʻi kaula, "Polycrates" ka Mea Nānā ua ho'īli passionate makewai no ke ku okoa ana, e loaa ana a me ka agonizing aloha o ke ana nou meʻe.

i keʻano o ka uhane maemae

I ka 1792-ka m kekahi o ka loa kupaianaha hana i ua ana - he nani kiʻi o ka "moe Cupid" (pōhaku keʻokeʻo). Ka mea kākau i ka mea kupanaha idyllic a me ka harmonious ala.

Kona counterpart ma ka naʻau i loko ua hana ia e kekahi uuku kiʻi o "Psyche" (kinikini, 1801) kiʻi, embodying uhane maemae, ka nostalgia o unalloyed, hauʻoli wa kamalii.

"Samesona Haehae iholaʻoʻIseraʻela i ka liona ka waha"

Ma ke kupulau o 1800 i ka maikaʻi Lūkini haku i laweia mai e update i ka Big Peterhof cascade. Hana i lawe mai ma makahiki eono.

Ke kikowaena wahi i loko o ka manao i ka pūʻulu hana Kozlovsky - "Samesona haehae ka liona ka waha." Ma ka hanaia'na o ke kumu o ke kiʻi kaula i hoʻohana originated hou i loko o ka manawa o Petero i ka hoailona ia i loko i ka Mea Paipala Samesona i hōʻike 'ia me St. Sampson, ka mea i loko o ka 18th kenekulia i noʻonoʻo i ka haipule haipule o Rusia. I ka 1709, ma ka hoʻolauleʻa o kona iaiyoe (27 June), Lūkini nani lanakila Ua lanakila 'o ia ma luna o ka Swedes i loko o ke kaulana kaua o Poltava. Ma ka no o Peter I, Samesona i ke e ka lanakila Lūkini a me ka liona (i ke kikowaena kiʻi o ka Kuekene kapa ana o na mea kaua) poe pepehi i ke Kuekene alii.

Ma ka manaʻo nui sculptures depicted hana mikiʻala akā, ke hoopaa mai ana o ka poe ikaika a Samesona kino. Haliu ae la ia i loko o ka makahiki i loko o kaʻoni iho, curving kino no laila, ua titanic Makamae nāʻiʻo i maopopo i nanaia, ikaika huki hoʻi wāwae, a kūlou ihola kona poʻo, ka meʻe o nā lima haehae ka liona ka waha.

Noiʻi Ua pono kuhikuhi mai i ka koke i ke kiʻi kaula o Michelangelo ka oe. Akā, i ka ideological a me ka imaginative maʻiʻo pae, hohonu patriotic manaʻo, a ua hookomo ia ma kana hana Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich (Hawaii photo kiʻi kaula ka maopopo o ka mea), i ka hooikaika ka Mea Nānā mea he okoa küpinaʻi - maoli Lūkini lakou olelo ana manaʻo mahalo o ka wahi lulu moolelo o ka naau - kuʻuna.

Kumuhana apau loa Lūkini moʻolelo

Kumuhana apau loa o ka lahui mōʻaukala i ka loa pīhoihoi mākaʻikaʻi i loko o nā hana o ke sculptor. Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o na 1790sʻo ia i hana i ke kiʻi o ka "Prince Iakoba Dolgoruky haehae aliʻi paa" a me ka "Hercules ma luna o ka lio." Most piha ka hoʻokô 'e ho okumu i kekahi kiʻi o ke kiʻekiʻe ke koa a me ka uhane hanohano hoʻomaopopo ma ka sculptor i loko o kona mau kia he Alihikaua A. V. Suvorovu (St. Petersburg, 1799-1801).

Lifetime triumphal kia

Symbolic kiʻi, figuratively ka hoonani aku i Rusia a me kona nui luna - no laila, hāpai Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich kia i Suvorov.

Hana hoomaka i ke ola o ka meʻe. I ka makahiki o he kanahiku Generalissimo i ke ao nei a pau, e mahalo kākou i loko o ka mōʻaukala o nā kāʻeʻaʻeʻa hoʻololi o ka poe kaua Lūkini ma ka Alpino. I ka 63 kēia ho'āla kaua ma Russian i ole he hookahi pio, i kaʻenemi 619 hae i hopu ia e ka lanakila. Famous Italian huakaʻi e ia i ka Lūkini koa a me ka KUMUMANAʻO NUI tālena Aleksandra Suvorova unfading nani.

I ka hana o ka sculptor Kozlovsky ua i ka hana i ka wa e ola triumphal kia. Mea hoʻoponopono kumuhana: mai hana lōʻihi'ōlohe wiwo ola o ka alihi kaua nui hoi, i ka originality o kona noʻonoʻo ke kiʻi, akā, ua hoʻomanaʻo wale nō i loko o ka Italia kai eʻe ia e lewa i loko o ke kiʻi.

Kiʻi o ka 'ōlelo o ka hoailona ia

A huli hou ka sculptor i hoailona ia 'ōlelo. Light slender huahelu ma luna o ka poepoe pedestal - ke keiki koa kaulana ma kapa kila, piha o ka mana a me kaʻana i mua. Kēia mea he kiʻi o ka Roma akua o ke kaua Mars. Ka lima kolohe 'ana o ka lima akau, e paa ana i ka pahi kaua i unuhiʻia ka halawai paa. Vigorously i kāpaeʻia aahu hoʻi. Beautiful lahui maka, hoʻokiʻekiʻe hoala mai i kona poo, hoʻopaʻakikīʻia ka naʻau paulele a me ka naʻi makemake, masterfully hoololiia a hiki i ka huahelu - keia idealized kiʻi i hana ia e ka sculptor akua o ke kaua.

Kona koa pale kaua poi lele akula ma hope ka mea ma luna o ke kuahu i mea Sardinian, a Neapolitan lei aliʻi a me ka papal tiara. Ke symbolicʻano o kēia kiʻi o ua Lūkini mea kaua ma lalo o ka hooponopono ana o Suvorov ka Italian kai eʻe, e pale aku i ka pono o ka aina ekolu poe.

Ma na aoao o ke kuahu ma ke aupuni 'wahine huahelu symbolizing i ka mea maikaʻi o nā kanaka hana pono: manaolana, ka manaoio a me ke aloha.

Ma kaʻaoʻao o ka pedestal ke alo he mea he kiʻi o ka aoao Pohon a me nā lāʻau lala - he hōʻailona o ka mokuaina ano akamai o ke kaua a me ka maluhia.

Hero Kuahene nui ma luna o ke kaua, Nā Kia - kāna mau 'ōlelo, ka pū hae. I ka pa a puni ke kia ua pili ia me nā kaula hao exploding hopeʻia.

Allegorical ano e e loaʻa i loko o kēlā au mamuli o ke kiʻi. A me ka palapala ma ka pedestal: "Prince o Italy, helu Suvorov Rymniksky" wahi e pili ana i ka poe i papahana ke kia.

High maloko oiaio

Ka pepa Kozlowski wale vaguely kekahi 'kiʻi ano oia i hana mai i allegorical idealized kiʻi o ke aloha kanaka meʻe.

Ke elongated huliāmahi o ka maka, hohonu-i mau maka, he nui ka ihu, a me ka typical pauku senile, iki ke alanui waha keleawe akua o ke kaua wā 'ike kāna moʻolelo o ka kekahi mau nui.

Ke ano ka loa blurry a me ka mamao, paia waho Makuahine pololei mea pono,ʻaʻole he makakoho i ka mea nāna i hana o ke kiʻi kaula. Kaumaha ana i nā pono kiʻi, alaila, haawi mai i ka luli makemake, a me ka mana a pau o ka naʻi aupuni o Suvorov. Kozlowski'ōlelo o ka hoailona ia - i hoohalikeia ke akua o ke kaua - a me ka idealized kiʻi o nā koa o ka nui Lūkini luna no ka makahiki. A ma keia - kiʻekiʻe loko oiaio o kana hana.