Ludwig Erhard: Kawaihae, kiʻi, ohana mihi. Ke Kelemānia aneiai mana Lyudviga Erharda

Ludwig Erhard, nona Kawaihae e e kūkā mai ma hope, o ka maopopo loa West Kelemānia statesman. In 1963-66 GG. He ua Pekelala Kaulike. Mai 1966 a hiki i ka makahiki 1967ʻo ia i ka mua Luna hoomalu o ka Kristiano kemokalaka Union.

Ludwig Erhard: Kawaihae

Kona makua kāne i kekahi Hui, a me kona makuwahine - he Kalawina-Ahahui Euanelio. Secondary hoʻonaʻauao Lyudvig Erhard ua ma Nuremberg a me Fürth. Iloko o ka First World, la oia i kaua aku ai i loko o ke kaua. I ka 1918, Erhard i eha. No ka mea, o keia ino oia i diagnosed me ka nui atrophy o ka lima hema. Ma ka hopena o na hana ehiku la oia i hai aku ukele no physical hana. Ludwig Erhard a me kona 'ohana pū i loko o ka poe liilii, pāʻoihana. Naʻe, i ka ino ua lilo he nui keʻakeʻa nei no ka mau nō lā hoʻi o ka hana i loko o ka poʻe o kona makua kāne.

kulanui haʻawina

Ma ka Nuremberg Institute o Ludwig Erhard hoomaka ae la e noiʻi i? Aneia iainiiaaiea. He hoomau i kona hoʻonaʻauao a pau ma Frankfurt University. Hoʻomanaʻo haumāna, Ludwig Erhard mai la oia ia ia i manao ai loa mehameha i loko o kēia wā. Not e hoopoina i ka leo o kona leo, hele aku la ia i ka paka ma e kamailio pu ana mai ka leo nui ia ia iho. Këia ma ke Kulanui o Frankfurt, Erhard kaulana ilihune loa ma Hawaiʻi o ke ao ana. Ma keia manao, oia hoopii i ke Dean ka oihana, kahi āna i ka manao no ka ike ana me Frantsem Oppengeymerom. Hele aku la ia i ke kanaka. Mai ka manawa e halawai Ludwig Erhard manao ia Oppenheimer - kekahi o kaʻoi Kelemāniaʻepekema ka poe i waiho i ke kumu o ka lokomaikai hoi o ka worldview.

pakiko-ka hoʻonaʻauao

Koke ma mua o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka Great kaumaha Lyudvig Erhard i komo i loko o ka hoʻoponopono-mahele. Kekahi manawa ma hope, ua hoonohoia oia i Hope Luna Hoʻokele o ka Institute o Economic Research study ma Nuremberg. I ka 1942 oko ao me ka Nazis puʻe wale akula kēlā, e haʻalele i ke kula iā ia. ʻO kēia ka makahiki, Ludwig Erhard lilo i ke poo o ka uuku noiʻi waena. Ua Ua hanaia me ka "imperial pae o ka hana." Ua uku ia ka hooulu ana i ka papa kuhikuhiE noonoo ana i loko o ka konu o oicyenoaaiiie nā mea hoʻololi, o ka pono no ka i i ea ae ka hana ma hope o ka haule ana o ka Nazi? eia.

State ha awina

Mai September 1945, Ludwig Erhard mālama lākou me Kuhina o ke Aupuni no ka hoʻokele waiwai Bavarian. A laila, noho ihola ia ia i luna o ka kūikawā 'Oihana Hana me ke kālā a me ka aie i loko o ka Buffalo. Ma May 1948, Erhard lilo ka luna hoʻokele o ka 'Oihana Waiwai. Back i ka MH 1946,ʻo ia ka hoʻomaka 'kamailio e pili ana i ka pono no nā mea hoʻololi i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai poepoe. Lyudviga Erharda nā mea hoʻololi i kūkala ma luna o June 18-20, 1948. Ma keia hihia, ke statesman i pilikino hana ma liberalization i loko o ka waiwai kaiaulu ma Germany. E like me ke kumu hoʻohālike Amelika, kahi o ka Reichsmark i hoʻolauna i loko o ka hale lio kālā. I ka Ia manawa, Erhard hoopau ia ka centralized moku'āina hoʻolālā a me ka kumu kūʻai ma ka pili ana i ka hapanui o nā huahana. No laila, e hana ma ka aina la ku okoa ana o ka hana. I loko nō o ka inaina ia'ku o ka Social Democrats, Erhard hana mau, e hahai ma muli o ka lokomaikaʻi kulana koi kālā kumupaʻa.

Oihana i loko o ke aupuni o Hawaii

Ma hope o ka ho okumu ana o ka aina o Erhard lilo Kuhina o hoʻokele waiwai i ka noho alii ana o Konrad Adenauer. He pū i ka hope a hiki i ka hope aupuni pekelala luna'aha'ōlelo kulana. Ma hope o ka Korean War hanaia "German mana." Ludwig Erhard, haawiia mai ka pilikia kulana home 'ole i loko o haole kalepa, i puʻe wale eʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai a illiberal kapu pili. Kāki o ka maka mea i laweia mai ma ka hana i loko o Germany, ulu ma ka awelika o ka 67%. Ke kala ana o ka waiwai hoʻolilo mai ke aupuni - 17 wale%. I mea e hōʻoia 'kokololio aneiai ulu ua pono ke hopu na aha kanaka, a kipaku mai la ia ia, mai nā Manufacturers. Inā ka moku'āina hana i ia manawa hooiaioia uncompetitive, ke hele nei makemake wale worsen i ke ano o ka oicyenoaaiiie kaiaulu. Aʻu i manao he hou global kaua.

Ua haawi ala e panic, a ma hope o ka mea - i ka consumer pīhoihoi. A laila, e hana ma waena o Lunakanawai Kaulike Adenauer a me Kuhina no ka Hoʻomohala Waiwai e pili ana i ka hihia. Ke kue ana i kekahi 'ano laulā me ka unahiʻole, e hele ana ma kela aoao o ololi aoao e hooponopono. Concessions i hele Erhard 'ae' ia e loaaʻi ka manawa. Ma hope iho o ia, Germany hoomaka ae la e hana i ke kaua no ia. Ka pilina paʻa hoʻokele waiwai me ka affordable lilo o ko lākou hana makeke hoomaka ae la e hoʻopiha i ka makahiki ma ka pono o nā huahana o iho? Iecaianoaaiiuo waiwai. Ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa auhau ma Germany ka GDP ulu ana i loko o ka hapalua like-20th kenekulia, i ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa i waena o nā mea a pau laila? Ueony i loko o ka ulu 'aina, oiai o ka nui o ke kumukuai, piʻi pū - ka lalo. Ma hope o nā nā mea hoʻololi i loko o ka waiwai kaiaulu i ke ahulau no? Ieoaeunoaa o ka hale mihi.

Ludwig Erhard: mea hoohuoi ia

Ma ka papa o ka hana, statesman loa haalele i ka manipulation o ka moku'āina rula hooponopono, a he mau loa mea mahaloia ma ka hikina, a i 'Imi hoʻohana' ia e kona mau mua i loko o Germany. Erhard aupuni ua ikaika hoakaka like me ka moku'āina o Western moʻomeheu, market hoʻokele waiwai. I ka makahiki 1963, Adenauer hoi. Erhard lilo i ka hou Kaulike o Germany. Eia naʻe, i kona straightforwardness, a hana maikaʻi i loko o manawa o kaʻoi pāonioni ma lalo o ka uhi i hoakaka ia ma ka Adenauer, loa,ʻaʻole pono i ka ia i ke kumu nui pulakaumaka o ke au hou. I ka 1966, ma lalo o puʻe mai o kona kākoʻo, la oia i haʻakoiʻia i ka haʻalele. I kona hope loa mau lā Erhard i koe i loko o ka Bundestag, ka hānau mua hope.

ka mōʻaukala a Mānoa

Aneiai mana Lyudviga Erharda i aku la ia ia kaulana statesman o kona'āina. He Ua haʻakoi e hana i loko o ka 'ia ma ke aupuni' ākeʻakeʻa i loko o ka waiwai kaiaulu ua oi aku maoli no. He ike ia i loko o ke au o ka aoao nui o Socialist manaʻo mea pono e hoʻohana i ka laulā huahelu o nā ana, e hoʻopaʻa i nā lawelawe kaiāulu o ka heluna kanaka. Naʻe, ka ki pulakaumaka o ka i mea e hoʻomōhala i nā manaʻo Lyudviga Erharda, ua e malama i ke kālā kumupaʻa-yeiiiie? Aneiai ku okoa ana. Emi ka waiwai o ke kālā a me ka centralism he kona ka papa kuhikuhiE poe enemi. Erhard makemake e loa kń i kekahi hoike ana mai o ka statism. I ka Ia manawa,ʻaʻoleʻo ia i ho'āʻo e kaua aku i ka ikaika e kū'ē'ē mai. He manao i makemake e akamai, e kau ia ia ma konaʻaoʻao. 'O kēia kaʻoi loa o ka pā o ka hoʻolālā, i lilo aku ia i ke kuai hoʻokele waiwai a male'. Ua haawiia mai makakoho iā ia i loko o ka marketʻano papa hana, akā,ʻaʻole i ka lehulehu pomaikai.

ka hopena

Erhard mau ho'āʻo like ka nui me ka hiki hou loa wehewehe i ka specificity o nā mea hoʻololi, ka mea āna i hana, kahi no, e like me ka ua i ka oihana i loko o ka 20th kenekulia, e komo i loko o demagoguery i ka heluna kanaka. He ua makaukau, e hoohuli i na kamaaina o Kelemania, a hiki i ka manawa e like me ia i mea e hilahila i 'Aʻole i kākoʻoʻana i kuhikuhi i ke aupuni, e malama i ke kumupaʻa o ke kālā. CSU alakaʻi Strauss hoʻomanaʻo aʻela ia, i ka wa i ka mea i hele mai i kekahi market hoʻokele waiwai, ma Erhard puoho talena like me ka'ōlelo. He mea hoihoi i loko, a mailoko o ka pepeiao a me kā lākou ohohia. Erhard ua hiki ke hoomaopopo mai, he koke ia iho, a me ka lanakila i ka paulele o nā kākoʻo.