Makamua House o Rusia. He aha maalea hoʻomohala i loko o ka Kievan Rus?

Makamua House o Rusia - kekahi o na kia ma luna iʻanuʻu ka palapala moʻomeheu o ko mākou'āina. Kona Kinohi lawe ka mea, i loko o ka primitive ke kaiāulu, ka wā a pau nā hana a pau like, a me na mea paahana, - i ka loa noonoo ole. Eia naʻe, hiki i ia manawa ko kākou mau kūpuna, he mau nona i ka alualu o ka nani. Created me Kāʻeokūlani, e kakau mai a ua hoʻonaniʻia me nā mea e nani ai ohua mea, alaila, haawi mai he kupaianaha palapala. E like me ka rula, a pau e like me kekahi e olelo manawa, Nani Loa oihana mua i ke kilokilo waiwai: mālama,,ʻo pōmaikaʻi. Hikina Slavs ua like i loko o kēia mau mea i ka mea'ē aʻe ohana. Kilakila kahiko oihana o Rusia kūikawā 'ana i kūpono a me epekema, mua ways. Ma ka manawa o ka Kievan moku'āina, ko kākou mau kūpuna, he haku o na laau o ke akamai.

Hana - kahuna hana, a kilo

Ma nā mea kahiko o kana oihana i loko o Rusia nanea i ka kūikawā hanohano, ia mea,ʻaʻole paʻakikī e maopopo i ka lehulehu manao, kaao a me nā'ōlelo akamai. Pinepine i loko o ka moʻolelo i loaʻa i ka hana, ua i ka meʻe o ka hana mana pahi kaua, pinepine ka mea, ua hāʻawi mai ia me ke kilokilo mana a me ke akamai.

Metal aaioee ma Rusia ua io kekahi o ka loa, imi ae la-ma hope o Hawaiʻi. I mea kekahi o ka mua i waho me he kuokoa hooiaio ana. koʻi kaua Smith a me ka hanohano, a me ka mea i manaoia oberezhnym i ka hao lako e hiki no i ka lapaau akau, a me ka hōʻihi e pili ana i ka mea e hoomalu i kona haku,ʻaʻole wale nō, mai kanaka hewa, akā, no ka hewa koa.

Ka hooulu ana o handicrafts ma Kievan Rus i ka pa'ē kiekie: ko kākou mau kūpuna iʻikeʻia i aneane laekahi 'ano a pau o ke hooheheeia. Loa pinepine ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia forging, nā kāwaha, eleele, ninini a me ka hahiʻana.

nä meaʻai nō

Special hoomanao pono o ka Jewelry hana. He no hoi ma Rusia hiki nui kiekie. Ka punaheleʻano hana i mua, ua kapaʻia nā kāwaha (nā kāwaha), lawe lima, e like me ka pono me ka palaoa a me ka enamel (enamel). Creation o nā haku o Kievan Rus, a ma hope kekahi manawa i kunewa. No ka laʻana, ka mea enamel ua e like me ka mosaic kumu no laila, ke akahele ka pela mai, i loko o ka maka imprinted huapalapala e ike hiki i ka pouli haumāna, a he wahi lilelile paha keʻokeʻo. Hana i like nā kiʻi mai ka'āpana o nā pōpō aniani. Kā lākouʻai i, a hui pū me ka wai iki me. Ua piha ke kūpono nuipa a me nā lāliʻi o ko lākou mau huahana, a laila, pūlehu akula i ka kekahi mau manawa. E like me ka hopena o ka enamel fused me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia.

Mea hao kaula uliuli a me kaʻehu

Kāwaha tracery ua he wahi gula o ke gula maikaʻi a me ke kālā uea. Ma kēiaʻano hana likeʻole i na mea e nani ai, Jewelry poho a me kekahi'ē aʻe hale mau. Kāwaha haawi ia kūikawā he lauwili anei a me ka airiness. Me ka exaggeration, mau huahana ke kapa i mai i kekahi mea hao kaula.

Hua liilii i kekahi hapa o ka mea hoʻonani o nā huahana. Ua nana aku la e like moku kulu kāpīpī ihola ma luna o kaʻilikai mea hoʻonani. Akamai paahana i ike palena: lei mānoanoa mea pinepine i oi aku 0,4 mm o.

ʻO ka inika mea he kālā oka a me ka luaipele. Ma ka hana o ka Jewelry ma luna o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia workpiece scratched kumu. A laila, hoʻopiha ia me kaʻeleʻele, a pau ka poe i hoounaia'ku e kālua. Ma lalo o ka hana o ka kiʻekiʻe ana wela oka a pau e pili ana, ua piha unuhi me ka luaipele a me ke kālā ukuhiia. Ma hope o ka haku i wale e wehe AND haʻawina o ka Mob. E loaa huahana okoa Akä naÿe no nä aliʻi metala gloss, a me ka matteʻilikai kumu.

E hana me ka pālolo

Ka lua o ka manawa ma hope o ka helehelena o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia hana maikaʻiʻole i loko o Rusia ua Pottery. Initially, kīʻaha a me nāʻoihana a koli ihola ma ka lima. Eia naʻe House ma Rusia? Ac? Hoʻomaka koke, a ma 9-10 kenekulia. Slavs i ua hoʻohana 'ana i ka potera ka huila. E like me ka hopena, Pottery maluna o ka moku'āina. Pottery oki ia e ka rarity. Kēlā me kēia no kēia mau huahana i hana, i kekahi mea okoa, mai ka hana o nā artisans. Na kupua e paa ana ia, i ke kālā no 'ōlelo, i ko lakou iho kaila. Oko ao ke hai aku i kaʻanoʻenehana aʻe: ke ana wela a me ke kī pūʻana manawa, o ka lepo haku mele 'ana, - a hoanmike: ano i hoʻohana, na ano o ke kinona, na houʻai hehee wale.

Fashion ma Rusia, mahope mai o ka hookamaia o Karistiano hoomaka ae la e hoʻomōhala e like me ka Orthodox canons. Potera, i hou i ka kuʻuna toys a me nā ipu, hoomaka ae la e paka likeʻole ikamu pono ai no ka ekalesia, a me nā kile - Nani Loa nā kile, i i hoʻohana i mea hoʻonani.

ola mea

Ka oihana kahiko o Rusia ka paakiki e noonoo ai i na ole o ka woodcarving. Ua i hang nei i ko kākou poʻe kūpuna i ka wā kahiko. Hoʻonaniʻia me ke kalai ana i toys a me ka lako, hale lako no ka hale a me ka home. Wood ua manaoia mehana, ola mea. E like me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, ia mea hiki ke hoomalu, e malama mai o ka pilikia, no laila, ua halawai mai la me ka wahie i nā huahana i loko o ka moku'āina kahiko mai'ō a'ō. pâʻani 'He He nui kūlana i loko o kēia, a me ka loaʻa nui o ka mea. Wood kūkulu hale, hua mai la distaff a me ka kālī, toys a me cradles, sledges a me arcs. I nā manawa ma Rusia, ua malamaia lakou nei, me ka hanohano nui noʻu. E ke Kumu ho'āʻo e maopopo i ka uhane lelo i loko o ka apana o ka lāʻau, a me ka pili ana maʻamau a laa e hoopii mai ai, wehe ia i mea i hiki, me ka pepa he nui loa, mai oe ia oe iho.

Most mākaukau carvers noʻonoʻo Novgorod. Ma ka palena o ke kulanakauhale kahiko i kekahi manawa aku nei he kilakila kia o ka laau kuhikuhipuʻuone i ua loaʻa: ka uku kolamu, ka launa pū, mai ka 11th kenekulia. Ka holoʻokoʻa lōʻihi o ka mea, ua hoʻonaniʻia i ke kalakalaiʻana, motifs i ole hai.

hoʻopoina 'ana i kūpono

E like me ka pinepine o ka hihia, a me ka Hekikai o hou mea a me nā 'ike loea hou obsolete ike mae i loko o ke kāʻei kua, i kekahi manawa loa hoʻi, i kekahi manawa noho wale ma ke ano o ka pohihihi keia' ikamu i luku ma ka manawa. He nui na oihana Kievan Rus ana paha ma keia aoao. No ka laʻana, i kēia lā, mau kanaka ike i ka lāʻau kalai ana, e ku ana ma Christian hana, hoʻohana ole wale i ka hana kūloko ma, a mawaho mea hoʻonani o ka ekalesia Kalaiaina. Masters i iconostasis, a Kyoto - ka mea, nani loa-ike mea. Nalowale ma Time Art laau icons. Ma o ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o nā kiʻi ho'āno woodcarving i kēia mea uuku ua ike ia ka hoʻohana 'ana.

Stone hana gula

Fashion ma Rusia i ua pili i kekahiʻano o nā mea māhele i ka mokuna o ka hikina mai Slavs noho. He okoa ka poe ua oleloia, o ka haku hoʻohana i ka pohaku. Products i o ia mea i emi iki mahope o loko o ka hiehie a me ka nani o ka laau puke i haku ai. Stone ke kalai ana i hoʻonaniʻia hale, pinepine kukulu o keʻokeʻo limestone, slate paha pōhaku keʻokeʻo. Kēlā wā i kēia wā kona huiʻana ma luna o liʻiliʻi kamaaina. Ma Rusia, iwi waihona meli, a me nā icons i ua puunaue. Masters hana ma o ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o nā kiʻi uuku o ka poe haipule. Mau icons hiki ke pohole a puni ka ai, a kau ma luna o ke kaula. Pinepine, ke kālaiʻana i ka pōhaku nā kile hoʻokō i ka ekalesia.

Ke kulana o na haku

Makamua House ma Rusia kuaiia okoa. Ka mea, ua māheleʻia i loko o nā pūʻulu. Ma ka koʻi kaua manao Jewelry (goldsmithery), ikona pena pāʻoihana a me kekahi mau mea e ae. Mawaena o ka "ʻino" no, e like me Pottery.

Ma ka hapanui o na hihia, ka haku hana, e kauoha. Poe paahana no i ka mea ia manawa a hiki i kekahi strata o ke kaiāulu. Ma na kulanakauhale oe ke Me Singles Masters. Ka mea, Ua pū ma ka blacksmithing, Jewelry hana, embossed a me ka iconography. Nā aliʻi a me nā boyars iwilei, mea koikoi a me nā mea koikoi noho e kaukaʻi artisans a me ka poe kauwa. Kaiapuni 'o Puʻohala Hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka monasteries.

Creation o ka wahine lima

Ua mea i loko o ka monasteries loa ke kino na House kahiko o Rusia i Nails a me ka ulana. Ka mea i hanaʻia e nā wāhine. Product haku o ia manawa a me keia la, heʻe piʻoloke ihola me kona nani. Fabrics i mai hemp, olonā, a me ka hulu hipa. Ke? Iecaianoaaiiie kaʻina Ua lilo nui maʻalahi mea ma hope o ka ano o ka papamoe loom. Ua hiki i ka huli ana o ka 12th a me ka 13th kenekulia.

Commonʻano o ka wahine humuhumu lopeʻano'ē i kuluma kāna ulana: Bran, humuhumu ma canvas, "silika pyalichnoe hana" (Vshivkov me Hoop) a no laila, ma luna o. Masters hoʻonaniʻia me nā lauana likeʻole o ka ekalesia oihana a pau a me ko ka hale ona mau. Old Russian humuhumu kālepa pinepine hoʻolilo i nā'āina. Aia ua i keia manawa, ao ka makemake ia.

he pokole emi

flowering manawa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka loa pinepine ua auou caiaiai ma luna o nā makahiki a me kekahi manawa kenekulia o ka palaho. He loko ia o ka moku'āina, he akamai o Rusia o ka 14th ke kenekulia, oiai ka loa maoli nō domination o ka Mongol-Tatar Khan. Ua make nui na haku i na kaua ma ka ho'āʻoʻana, e hoomalu aku i ko lakou mau kulanakauhale. Iloko o ke ola ana i loko o Rusia o ka Mongol-Tatar auamo kokoke loa i papani ai hoi i ka ulu ana o ka Jewelry hana, oki ae la? Iecaianoaaiiie o enamel, nā kāwaha a me ka granulation. 'Aʻole i emi iʻa a me nā akamai. Eia naʻe, ma ka hou o ka noi e kilokilo ai, i lilo ai i loko o ka hope, i ka 15th kenekulia.

hou pomaikai no

Ma waena o 15 a me 17 kenekulia i ka manawa o ka hooikaika ana i ka hou Lūkini moku'āina. Center o ka United ko na'lii, ua Moscow. Makamua House ola i loko o Rusia no kenekulia, hoomaka ae la e loaa hou momentum. I imi e hoopuni ia oe iho me ka eha 'ikamu, hana maʻamau a me ka waiwai. A hiki i ka pā hale o ke aliʻi, a laila, i ke aliʻi, ho'ākoakoa paahana komo i loko o ka pōhaku kālaiʻana a me ka woodwork, ulana a me ka humuhumu, Jewelry hana.

Development loaa a me huakūʻai-kala ana. E like me ka hopena o ke akamai i loko o Rusia ma ka 16th kenekulia ua lilo i kumu nui kumu o ka uku no ka poʻe e noho ana ma na kulanakauhale he nui. I nā hana homemade kilokilo a me ka akamai. Ka mea kahiko i waena o lākou ua i waho i ka 16-17 kenekulia i loko o ka Trinity-Seregio hoailona. Eia ka haku hana ma ka woodcarving a me ka iwi, a me ka hope i waho a me ka liʻiliʻi ka iʻa.

World hoku

Ma hope o ka 15th kenekulia, 'Imi hoomaka ae la e hoʻomōhala Aneane a pau o kana oihana i loko o Rusia. No na keiki ka oi aku kama'āina i waena o ia Khokhloma pena a me Dymkovo toys. Kēia mau 'ano o nā mea noʻeau, a me ka akamai, a me keia la, ua nui kaulana, i ole wale ko kakou aupuni, aka, i kahi e.

Khokhloma maalea lako oukou i loko o Rusia 17th kenekulia. Kēiaʻano o ka pena hoʻohana i decorate na laau oihana a pau a me kaʻoihana. Khokhloma mea pono recognizable no i ka mea kahiko waihoʻoluʻu: ulaula,ʻeleʻele, a me ka uliuli ma luna o ke kāʻei kua gula. Mākou, he mau haku o ka pena kā lākou mau mea. No ka laʻana, no ka kāʻei kua ma luna o ka wahie ka i waiho gula he lepo la, a me ka hui o ka piuta, a me ke kala. Ua laila, uhi nā huahana me ka kūikawā hui a me ka hana kālua i loko o ka umu kekahi mau manawa. Pela ka mea, ua loaʻa i ka makemake gula mea eleele. Khokhloma pena mau loa uhi i ole i ka nui o ka huina hoonui ma luna o ka laau.

Bright, a me nā hana

Kekahi kaulana nō o kana oihana, ka hoʻomakaʻana apparently i loko o kēia wā - ia Dymkovo liʻiliʻi. Kona inoa, ua loaa ia ma ka wahi o ke kumu. Kirov hooponopono Dymkovo ua kaulana no kona ulaula palolo. Ma ke ao nei, aole he huahana e like me ka hoomalamalama ana a me kaʻoliʻoli liʻiliʻi. Interestingly,? Iecaianoaaiiuo 'ike loea i ka mea loa ai na mea, a me ke kiʻi ina oe makemake, e hiki ke hoolilo ia oe iho.

Fashion o kahiko Rusia ka mea, aole au i hoopoina i keia la. Oe ke hiki e'ōlelo aku i ka mea, i ka hou kahua o ka? Acaeoey. Hou hoihoi i hoolaʻi mooolelo o ka kahiko: ka hilinaʻi, costumes, na aoao, a me nā mea noʻeau, a me nā akamai. Fashion 'Imi aʻo like i ka hana kūikawā kūpono ma kulanui a me kona iho. Fashion ke nânâ i kēia lā i loko o nui koi, akā, no ka mea, o ka haku me ka olioli huli i ka kuʻuna oihana. Ka 'enehana ma keia hihia undergoes heʻano o nā loli: i o ka hou mele, pena, mau kumu, a me ke haka pono maila, ma kekahi hihia - pou nā mīkini home. Ma ka kekahi lima, ma kekahi manawa, he ano o ka hana i ka pau koe ua hoʻololiʻia.

It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka ninau o ka ano o ka maalea hoʻomohala i loko o Rusia, e mea pono ia no ka hoʻomaopopo i ka palapala Lūkini moʻomeheu, ka mea e kokua e haha aku i ka uhane. Ka hou o ka hoihoi i loko o kēia kumuhana hōʻike i ka pilina o ia keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Mākou ke i aku nei au i ka hana i loko o Rusia (kiʻi o nā huahana ma ka likeʻole ma o ka hoʻopiha i ka Internet, wale keʻae i ka mea,) i ola a me ka hoʻomau i ka hoʻomohala.