Makamua Rus: akamai, i ko lakou mau ano, i ka ulu ana o ka

I ka make ana o ke kanaka, ke kaiāulu-tribal hoahanau, a me ka muli o hoʻomalu ololi nāʻoihana - i kēia mau loli i wehewehe aku i loko o ka walu a me ka iwa kenekulia kahiko Rus. Fashion haawi ala i na kulanakauhale, e hoʻokēʻai i ka heluna kanaka, mai ka hana ma luna o ka honua. Keia mea aie a hiki i ka Hekikai o ka hoʻomalu mua - haku ma kekahi mau 'ano o ka maalea, a i kia ma ka tribal-oaio? a - kulanakauhale.

Kūlanakauhale - Luncheon-oaio? A

E ho'āʻo i kūkulu i ke kulanakauhale no laila, i kona Leeuwerikplein kulana e leie aku nā ka oihana hiki ke hana maikaʻi, a ma ka mea hookahi manawa ana hoomalu aku i na enemi o. No ka laʻana, ma kekahi wahi ma nā muliwai, a puni o ka puu. Ma nā kūlanakauhale, a me nā noho luna. No laila, ka mea, ua pono ka hoomaluia. Ke kiʻekiʻe, a me ka hooulu ana a akamai, hoomaka ae la e ho i koa pakaua i wale i ke kulanakauhale, a huli ae la i Kūʻai malls.

Ke kūlanakauhale oaio o ka Kremlin, i noho Haku. He kuleana ua puni iho la ka ia me ka pakaua paia, a me ka puni ipu lepo pā. Eia kekahi, a puni ka eli hohonu auwaha i piha i ka wai. A pau kēia mau kaiapuni e pono e hoʻopale ai i na enemi o. Mawaho, a puni ka Kremlin i ka hooponopono ana o kahuna hana, ka ai-kapaia noho. Aʻu i kapa aku i kēia hapa o ke kulanakauhale Posad. Ma na noho, a ua hoʻopuniʻia ke kūlana pale paia i kēia mahele.

Life i loko o ke kūlanakauhale ua i piha kowali, na artisans ho okumu huahana, maalea a me ka piele lākou i loko o Makamua Rusia 'Imi ulu. Ma ka umikumamalua kenekulia, ua ma luna o kanaono handicraftʻoihana kahuna, ai. Masters hana kūikawā ma o ka hana ana o na aahu, oihana a pau a me na mea paahana e pono ma ke kahiko o Rus. Fashion Makamua Rusia ulu hikiwawe loa a me ka wikiwiki. I noho i noho ai, a hana loea 'Oihana o kaʻokoʻa i nā wahi: i ka haku hana, Jewelry, Pottery, shoemakers, tailors, weavers, pohaku-kālai,' elele o ka 'ē aʻe akamai. Lima o kēia mau paahana, e ho okumu hoʻokele waiwai a me ka mana o ka mea kahiko Lūkini moku'āina, kona kiʻekiʻe i nā puke a me ka uhane moʻomeheu.

Me ka hao - anywhere

Paionia '' Oihana he blacksmiths. Ua lilo lākou hihia kekahi o ka mea nui wahi mea i maheleia Fashion Kahiko Rus 9-12 kenekulia. Keia hana ua oleloia ma na aupuni moʻolelo a me nā loina: moʻolelo, kaao a me ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaʻao, ma ka amara mea mau he kumu hoʻohālike o ka ikaika, ke koa a me ka lokomaikaʻi. I ia manawa, ai ka hao loaa ma ka hauneneʻe o ka bog na mea i eliia. O koʻu mau i loko o kona aku-wa pono, maloo, a laila, kaʻi aku i loko o nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao ma ka mea o kūikawā umu hehee. Pela i loaa metala. Hoikehonua, archaeologists i hanaʻeliʻana kahiko kulanakauhale pinepine loaʻa slags i mea scum smelting kaʻina ke hooheheeia, a energetically forged'āpana o ka hao nuipa a. Ua mālama loaʻa i koe o ka hana pōʻeleʻele loa kekahi hapa o ka mauna, a me ka umu kokoke i i kekahi manawa hana paahana.

E huli i ka hana mea: nā mea a pau no ka poe koa a me ka hu

Me ka hooulu ana o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia? Iecaianoaaiiuo hoʻomaka i ka hou a ka? Acaeoey o ke kuai, i mua i ole i ka mea i noho ma ka subsistence mahiʻai aupuni. Fashion o kahiko Rusia, i ka nui, blacksmithing, ua kaheaia he mea hiki kohoʻia. Nā huahana i ma blacksmiths, a pau pono. Ka mea, e pono ai i na koa, ka poe i kauoha mea pepehi - arrowheads, kaua lipi, na pahikaua, ihe, pahikaua - a aiiay lole - kaula kila a me ka mahiole. mea kaua? iecaianoaaiiuo i hiki aku ai i loko o ka wā kahiko Rus ua kiʻekiʻe o ke akamai i ke kapa hiki i oe. Unique mea kaua i loaʻa i loko o nā ilina a me cemeteries o Kiev, Chernigov a me na kulanakauhale e ae.

Kuʻi hao lako pono i ka mahiʻai i: i ole hao pahi, pahi, openers, oo palau, ua unimaginable aaioee aina. Ma kekahi pōʻaiawaiwai koi paipu, pahi, pahi olo, wili lauoho, ki, a me nā hale 'ikamu ua hanaʻia i loko o ka forge o loea poe paahana. I loaʻa i loko o ka ilina haku o ka blacksmithing ua hōʻike i ke ahiahi, i loko o ka lua kupapaʻu, a me ka blacksmiths hele aku la i ko lakou mau mea paahana - nā hāmare a me kua, chisels a me nā'ūpā ahi.

Moʻolelo manaʻo i oi aku 150 laha 'o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia huahana ike i loko o kaʻumikumamākahi kenekulia kahiko Rusia. pâʻani Fashion o kahiko Rusia kūlana nui i loko o ka ulu ana o ke kuai ma waena o nā noho.

Akamai e pili ana e nani ai

E ke Kumu blacksmiths a me kekahi manawa hana nani a pau, e pili ana uuku masterpieces - jewelery. Ua goldsmithery pāʻoihana ua anao? Aou i loko o ke kaʻawale lala. No laila, ua he jewelery maalea i kahiko Rusia. Lūkini haku no laila, pono nona? Ieaoa manufacturing Jewelry, a hiki wale kahaha pehea ka mea, pomaikai ae la lakou. Hele mai oe ilalo i ko kakou manawa akamai mea - keleawe komohia auaneʻi, pendants, buckles, apo pepeiao a me nā pūpū i - kupaianaha maalea manufacturing. Jewelry hana i loko o ke akamai o granulation, ka luna o ia soldered kumu hoʻolike a ua nānā 'ana ma luna o ka ai iiiaanoaa o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia kala. Kekahi ano o ka hana ana i Jewelry ua kāwaha. Kēia ʻano hana ua wehewehe aku i loko i ka mea i hana i ka lahilahi uea unuhi a i soldered ai i ka ili o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, i piha i ke kūpono i wāhiʻia me ka enamel o kekahi mau waihoʻoluʻu. E ke Kumu jewelers a me ka huahelu ninini, e like me e noi ana kūikawā nō lawe lima hana ia ke aupuni 'ana ma o kaʻeleʻele kāʻei kua kumu o nā papa kālā. E ua ola maikaiʻelepani me ke gula a me ke kālā ma luna o ka hao a me ke keleawe ulaula. Oia Ka Uluwehi O Ke 'ana i kūpono ka hōʻike he nui kiʻekiʻe o? Acaeoey i akamai i loko o kahiko Rusia. Ke'ī mai, i ka lima o ka poe paahana kahiko i hana kiʻekiʻe-waiwai Jewelry, i loko o keʻano hana o ka cloisonne enamel. Ua ua he hoailona momoku ahi o Lūkini goldsmithery oihana. Akamai Lūkini jewelers he loa paʻakikīʻano hana, a me kā lākou mau hana i haawi ma ke ao nei, a ma ka mea ia manawa mai'ō a'ō i aloha kuaiia, a me ka nui koi.

A me nā pōhaku lepo, a me kona mau kīʻaha sculpted wahi a

Pottery o kahiko Rusia he kuokoa lālā hope hana. I ka potera ka huilaʻikeʻia i loko o ko kākou poʻe kūpuna i loko o ke kenekulia umikumamakahi. Ua ae ka poe paahana kahiko e kāinoa nani huahana. mīkini lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe ua noʻonoʻo, ua neʻe akula ia me ka wāwae a holo, akā, i nā ipu e kahu ai i ka ho okumu i ka potera, o ka manawa, luku akamai i hanaia, a heʻano o nā 'ano apau loa. Initially, ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o Pottery ua wahine ka hana. Eia naʻe, ka palapala, ai i kākau o Kievan Rus 'he mea hōʻike wale nō o ka potera-kanaka.

Ka mea, hoʻohana lepo no lākou nā huahana, i ka 'ino ma ka pulu i ka wai a me kaʻeleu kona. Ka nui koi mai a pau Pottery hoʻohana ipu a me nā ipu, a i i okoa ma ka nui a me ka hoʻohana 'ia no kela hana, ka mea hiki e ninini i ka wai a me ka hale kūʻai huahana, hua. Nā ipu, ua kau i loko o ka umu, a moa i ka ai. Oia mau ola mai a hiki i kēia lā.

He aha ka mea iʻikeʻia o Old Masters?

Hōʻike no ka hana o ka wa kahiko Rus 9-12 kenekulia, iki e hoailona oukou Lūkini Slavic mālama '-Christian wā a pau e hiki ke hana embossing, ka hana pālolo, E ke Kumu i ka no o ka lole humuhumu, kaulana no lākou craftsmanship enamels. E ua ola makou mahope o ka hana Kiev Artists. Kēia hanana ke kalai ana i kumu hoohalike ma luna o nā iwi, blackening, engraving ma ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Ua kaulana a pau ma luna o ka honua i ke kahiko Lūkini haku o ka glassmaking a me nā kile.

Ke Kula Kaiapuni 'o kana oihana E ke Kumu i ka Makamua Rus, akā, i ka loa akamai o lakou, he mau laau aaioee. No keia mea, e kūkulu hale na hale, na hale, a me nā'īpuka a me na alahaka, hale aliʻi a me nā pā. Lāʻau waapa a pau, nā mea a pau? Aneiai oihana a lavishly hoʻonaniʻia me woodcarvings. O i ike ole ia i ka papa kuhikuhiE souvenir personifying mea noʻeau, a me nā akamai i loko o kahiko Rus, he matryoshka - colorfully pena laau pēpē kIʻi me ka'ōlohelohe loko. Mai ia accrue i kekahi i kekahi e like me ka nani, a me kēlā iki uuku ma mua o ka mea mua kekahi.

Art i pena

Nani Loa, a noi aku la oe akamai o ka wa kahiko Rusia, ua kaulana loa aku kona palena. Mai manawa mau loa aku ko kākou mau kūpuna ka mahalo o nā mea a pau ma luna o ka honua no kona nō noʻeau pena. Aʻano o kuluma kāna motifs ma Lūkini kāhiko alakai aku ai i ka muli o kekahi mau kula a me styles o ka poʻe kānaka no oe. No kela a me keia o ia wehewehe aku ma kona mau waihoʻoluʻu a me ka laina.

Gzhel

Bright uliuli cobalt pena ma ka keʻokeʻo kāʻei kua porcelain i kapaia o Gzhel, i mai ai ma ka inoa o ke kulanakauhale kokoke i Moscow, kahi o kēia au i hanau. No ka mea manawa mua ka mea, ua oleloia i loko o kaʻo Samuel o Ivan Kalita. Mua, ka haku i nā kīʻaha a me nā toys, hope, a me ka hooulu ana o ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo, ka laulā ua hoomaka nunui. No kaulana kapuahi nā kile. Gzhel pālolo lilo hanohano a pau ma luna o ka honua. Other i pena o ko kākou mau kūpuna i loaa aʻe, mai ko lakou mau wahi o ka honua nei a me ka haawi aku.

Bright'ōniʻoniʻo ma luna o ka pouli kāʻei kua

Zhostovo pena - mea noʻeau, a me nā akamai i loko o kahiko Rusia, i hele mai i loko o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia, mai kekahi kauhale kokoke Moscow me ka ia inoa. Mea he aila pena ma ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia ahi. He oluolu ke aʻo no ka'ālohilohi lei pua, hua, manu, Aia ma luna o ka pouli mau kaʻao. i laila, uhi hōʻeha 'kumu hoohalike me ka kūikawā varnish, nolaila, i ka lā'ī helehelena. Kēia pena 'ana i kūpono ka loa eiiieaen, ke kiʻi ua hanaia i loko o kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

Loaʻoliʻoli waihoʻoluʻu oluolu i ka maka, no laila, na ahi e loa mea mahaloia imua o Rusia, a nō ka mea, i ka Nani Loa hehee ai i loko o na home a me ka oihana.

Palekh

Mai ka apana oaio i loko o ka Ivanovo māhele 'āina i hele mai Palekh'āhihi. Kēiaʻano o ka oihana o ke lacquer kumu ma luna o ka huahana. Anao? Aou maʻeleʻele kāʻei kua lei nā loina, wahi lulu, haipule kanaka Ua wehi i ka hoʻoiho,'ānoninoni a me nā mea a pau. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka Palekh lacquer'āhihi iʻikeʻia i loko o ka umikumamalima kenekulia, kūlanakauhale ulu kuai okoa Makamua Rus ka wā a. Ua hanau Fashion ma naʻano likeʻole. No ka laʻana, e like me ka olelo o ke akamai kahiko, e like Palekh'āhihi, i hana mai i ka mea kahiko Lūkini ikona pena. Ma Palekh mākaukau Artists noho ana, ka mea i loaa ma kou kono ana mai a pau Lūkini wahi no ka palapala noi a pena maloko o ka hale a me ka ekalesia. Ka mea, ua ka mea, ka poe i hoomaka ai e pena i ka pahu a me nā'ēheu kēia'ēheu o fantastic a me ka mōʻaukala kumuhana. All kiʻi i noi huali tempera pena ma luna o kaʻeleʻele mau kaʻao.

I ka 'ike loea no kēia' ano o ka hana i ka loa huikau, loa manawa-e hoopau ana kaʻina o ka pili ana thumbnails a me ka nunui-ke kahua. Aʻo a ka Haku e ia i ka lōʻihi manawa, akā, i ka hopena o IeAUPIIe, IAa IO he pouli pahu ia iho i loko o kekahi hanana nani o ka mea.

Khokhloma

Kekahiʻano o ka lima-pena ma luna o ka wahie - o Khokhloma, a ikea mai la oi ma mua o ekolu haneri makahiki nei. Oihana a pau a me ka hale 'ikamu, pena ao alohilohi i-ula pua,ʻo lohe i kā lākou kū hoʻokahi. Kumu hoohalike, e pelu ana ma ka nani e nani ai, oluolu no ka maka, a me kā mākou mau lā. I e pili ana Kokhloma huahana i ka malu, i mea e loaʻa nō kekahi mau manawa varnished, laila miko i loko o ka umu ahi. E like me ka hopena o ae hoʻolele i ka ka penaʻana yellowing, a me nā huahana hanaia mai ka laau, na papakaukau, he maikai oihana a pau. Eia kekahi, e like me ka hopena o ka tableware ia aaioee i paa. Kona uhi apono 'i ka hoʻohana' ana o Khokhloma na kiaha, bola, puna ma ka manao - e hoahu ai i ka meaʻai.

Popular wahi

Lubok - kekahi ano o ka poʻe kānaka akamai, no ko ka na akamai o kahiko Rusia. Ahaolelo kukuluia'na ua aha puka ma ka pepa ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka laau una. Oia hoolaʻi dla i haawi i kakahiaka nui me kaʻumikumamāhiku kenekulia i ka maikai kalepa, a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ka iwakālua kenekulia i ka loa a me ka hanohano e like me ka ano o Lūkini ke olonā nō. Weliweli loa e hōʻike 'lubok, ua loa like: ka haipule a me ka moralistic Halaman, hoolaʻi moʻolelo a me ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua manao, mōʻaukala a me ka' inikua 'ike, a i mau pu ma o ka uuku kikokikona, a hiki e instructive paha Humorous, a hai aku la ia e pili ana i na aoao, a me ka moolelo o kona manawa me ka hoʻomaopop' ana i ka naauao o na kanaka.

Fashion o kahiko Rusia, ka 18th kenekulia: Russian samovar

Ke akamai o ko mākou Lūkini kahuna hana, ua hiki e haʻaheo o. I kēia lā, kā lākou hana hiki e ike ole wale ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha, akā, i loko o kā mākou mau home. Kekahi mau 'ano o ke akamai i loko o ka wā kahiko Rusia, ua oi loa aku hoi mahalo. No ka laʻana, loaʻa Tula samovar ma ko kakou aupuni, a hiki i kēia lā. I ka umikumamawalu kenekulia ua elua haneri oi ma mua o nāʻano o kēia mau huahana. I ka manawa i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Tula, he mea hiki kekahi e neeaaia o samovars.

Owai ka mea mua haku, i mea kaulana no ka Makamua Rus? House, Eia naʻe, ua i mālama i ka inoa o ko lākou mau haku. Akā, mai olelo aku nei au i na mea i hiki mai ia ia iā mākou mai ka manawa mau loa aku. I waena o lākou e kū hoʻokahi a me ka pohihihi keia 'ikamu, hale mau ipu, akā, i loko o kēlā me kēia huahana Kahalaopuna i ke akamai a me ka hoao ana o kahiko paahana.