Makaukau o ka ammonia i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua a me ka unahiʻole, i hanalima

Ammonia (NH3) mea he Nine Inch huina lakou o ka hydrogen me ka naikokene. Ua loaa ae nei i kona inoa, mai ka olelo Helene, o hua'ōlelo «hals ammniakos» a he Roma «sal ammoniacus» i translates Odinokova - "ammonia". He He waiwai kapaia 'amoniuma koloriside i loaa i loko o ka wao nahele Libyan Oasis'amoniuma.

Ammonia ua noʻonoʻo i ka loaʻawahia waiwai i ka mea hiki ia o keʻano ukiuki o ka mucous membranes o na maka a me ka ÷ naehana hanu'āpana. Ke iniiaiie symptoms o ka ammonia kaʻapu kōheoheo mea excessive lacrimation, dyspnea a me pulmonary li nui. I ka Ia manawa, ammonia - he waiwai Nine Inch i ua hoʻomano hoʻohana no ka makaukau o'okanikaʻole nāʻakika, e laʻa me, nitric, cyanide, like hoʻi me urea a me ka naikokene paʻakai. Wai ammonia - mea he maikaʻi hana meakino refrigerated ipu a me machines, no ka mea, ua he nui kekahi 'wela o ka vaporization. Koʻana koko ammonia pāʻoihana e hoʻohana i ke kinowai ai mea hoʻomomona i pono like no ka ammoniation superphosphate mea hoʻomomona, a me nā mea huihuina ona.

Makaukau o ka ammonia mai ka flue kinoea i coking o ka iaoia loa kahiko a me ka nui i loaʻa, akā, i ka lā ia i ka uhane, a ua kokoke i hoʻohana.

Hoikehonua, a me ka walaʻauʻana iaoia mea e paka ammonia i loko o ka hana ma muli o ka Haber kaʻina. Kona Mānoa, he wahi he pololei AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka naikokene a me hydrogen, a ia lŘlŘ like me ka hopena o ka huli ana o ka hydrocarbon kinoea. Ke feedstock nō kāu ikea maoli kinoea, kinoea, ʻaila kā hoohehee maemae au ia,ʻaila kā kinoea hele koena kinoea mai ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o acetylene. Ka papa hana no ka hana ammonia huli ana ninoieo i decomposing ka methane a me kona homologs me kiʻekiʻe ana wela eiiiiiaiou o ka hydrogen a me ka kalapona monoxide me oxidants - oxygen ma a me ka wai ka ohu. A pau keia kinoea ua admixed i ka convertible oxygen ma-waiwai lewa, a me ka lewa ea. Initially, ka naoh hua ammonia ma ke kumu o ka hoohuli ia lakou, kinoea kahe ana mai o ka wela, akā, me ka emi ma ka buke o ka hoʻomaka me nā huahana o ka naoh:

N2 + 3H2 ↔ 2NH3 + 45,9 kJ

Eia naʻe, ua lawe mai i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka ammonia ma ka hanalima me ka unahiʻole ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka hōʻeleu, a ma lalo oʻimi hoʻopunipuni na kumu i ae, e hoomahuahua i ka hua o ka hoʻopau' ana i huahana. Ma o ka lewa, kahi i ka makaukau o ka ammonia maoli ka puʻe i 350 me ka lewa, a me ka mehana a hiki i 500 kekelē Kelekia. Ma lalo o kēia mau rula, o ka hua o ka ammonia - ma kahi o 30%. Kinoea wehe 'ia mai ke naoh ciia Via anuanu hana, a me ka naikokene a me hydrogen, a i ole reacted e hoʻi i ka hoʻololi kemikala kolamu, a hiki hou komo i loko o nā reactions. Iloko o ka hoʻololi kemikala ia mea nui, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka kinoea ukuhiia, mai hōʻeleu hoomake iho no hoi, 'ona hiki hoi ana kā i ka hana catalysts. Oia mea i ka wai uahi, HI, E like me, P, Inā paha, O2, S.

E like me ka hōʻeleu i loko o ka naikokene a me ka hydrogen hoʻololi kemikala reactions lawelawe 'ana porous hao oka a pau o ka Aluminum a me ka potasiuma oxides. Wale i ka waiwai o nā mea a pau 20 tausani mua ho'āʻo, loaʻa iā ia nā equilibrium naoh. Keia rula o ka loaa ammonia o ka loa ka hoʻokele waiwai.

Makaukau o ka ammonia i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua ma muli o ka 'ike loea hou pohupani hale ia, mai ka'amoniuma paʻakai o alkalis ikaika. Schematically, ka naoh Ua like penei:

2NH4CI + Ca (OH) 2 = 2NH3 ↑ + CaCl2 + 2H2O

ole

NH4Cl + NaOH = NH3 ↑ + NaCl + H2O

E wehe i ka liki ole ona mau a me ka maloo ammonia, ka mea, ua hele ma ka läÿau, o ka paʻakai hydroxide a me ka Lime. Makaukau o loa maloʻo ammonia ua loaʻa ma ka mea hoʻoheheʻeʻia paʻakai metala ma loko, a mahope distillation o ka läÿau,. Ma ka hapanui o na hihia i lawe ia reactions mai i loko o ka paʻa'ōnaehana ma lalo o holo metala. Eia hoʻi, e like me ka'ōnaehana pono ke ku imua o ke kiʻekiʻe puʻe i ua loaʻa ku mai me ka ammonia ohu i ka 10 me ka lewa i mehana ea.