Arsenicʻakika: Nine Inch haku mele 'ana haʻilula. mahalo pilikia loa ka waiwai

Waiwai o kekahi Nine Inch ma ke kanaka kino o kekahi henua. Ka hapa nui o mākou ike i huiʻia a me nā'ākilikai, a pāʻani i ka maikaʻi kūlana i loko o kanaka ola. Akā, he mea i ka pae o ka 'ona, ia ho i ka hoʻoweliweli' nui ke ola. Ka mea, ua māheleʻia i loko o kekahi mau papa. Noonoo i loko o kēia 'atikala arsenicʻakika - kekahi o kēia mauʻawahia Nine Inch. E like me ka mea a ianoiyuaa a maliuia Mea Maluna, ka mea, ua komo pū i loko o ka lua o ka papa o ke kiʻekiʻe-kamepiula, a me ka chloroform, alakai a me ka likiuma i huiʻia. Mākou i hoʻopaʻa haʻawina o ka waiwai o arsenicʻakika hou au mamuli.

Hakakino 'ole a me ka physical moku'āina o ka mea

Kēia hui ma lalo o maʻamau aku ana i ka mea pōaka 'ole. I ka tribasic, arsenicʻakika, kahi haʻilula H ₃ AsO _4, ua nā haumāna a me ka ʻakika paʻakai. No ka laʻana, potasiuma gidroarsenat - K ₂ HAsO _4, paʻakai digidroarsenat - NaH ₂ AsO _4, likiuma arsenate - Li ₃ AsO _4. Calcining arsenicʻakika, arsenic loaa gemipentoksid kapa arsenic pentoxide. Kona keʻokeʻo aniani moakaka nā pōaka kuahene he vitreous nui, o poorly wailana i loko o ka wai.

dissociation

H3AsO _4, a me ka formicʻakika a me ke kēpau hydroxide mea moderately nawaliwali electrolyte. Pela, i loko o ka papaʻaina i ka nui ionization nāʻakika ortomyshyakovayaʻakika i ekolu dissociation ia a eia i: 5,6 m 10 ^-3, 1.5 m 10 ^-7 a me 3, 89 m 10 ^-12. Mau nā hoailona i emi iho quantitatively kaʻakika ikaika. I kulike ai me ka dissociation o ia a eia i loko o ka helu o'okanikaʻole nāʻakika H ₃ AsO ₄ ninoaaeyao i kaʻoihana ma waena o ka chromium a me antimony nāʻakika. Lūkini chemists experimenters AL a me I. L. Agafonovy ua kālaiʻia makemakikaʻa, ai ka loko pilina mua a me ka lua o ka dissociation a eia i o arsenicʻakika, mai ka wela HEN, mai 0 ° C i 50 ° C.

No Nine Inch waiwai

Ke degere o ka'okesaside o arsenic nā'ātoma aha kaʻakika lātoma, he 5. Ua pili ia i ka mea i ka hui ia iho i loko o Nine Inch reactions me nā waiwai ho'āʻo oxidizing waiwai. Penei, i kona AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ka potasiuma iodide ka manehu like me ka hoemi hope paha, i loko o kaʻakika meakino mākou loaʻa arseniousʻakika ka H ₃ AsO ₃ i waena o ka naoh huahana. Hoole i arsenicʻakika, kahi haʻilula H ₃ AsO _{4 Ua} tribasic, a me keia wahi aku, reactions me ka mekala 'åkilikai mau kumu a me insoluble, ka mea hiki ke haawi ekolu ano o ka paʻakai: meakino, hydro- a me ka digidroarsenaty. Qualitative naoh i AsO ₄ ^3- Ion i loko o ka mākau kemika o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN iho ka arsenicʻakika a me kona paʻakai me ka wailana paʻakai kala, e like me nitrate. E like me ka hopena o ka malama ana i ke kimu ole AG ₃ AsO ₄ kope waihoʻoluʻu.

Iodometric hana no ka hoʻoholo 'ana i arsenicʻakika

I ka mākau kemika, nui i hana mea e huai ae Nine Inch i huiʻia ma nā pāʻoihana. Arsenic ʻakika, Nine Inch waiwai a mākou i ana no mua, hiki ke 'akomi i micromethod iodometry. I 1 ml o kona kākoʻo pāʻoihana ua nininiʻia ai ka ia ka leo o 4N. hydrochloricʻakika a me 1 ml o ka 4% pāʻoihana o ke potasiuma iodide. Hana arsenic sesquioxide E like me ₂ O _{3, i ka} nui o ka i lalo ikaika laupaʻi dala o reagents mea mau i ka ia, a ua like ia 0,5746 mg.

Na oxidizing hiki o arsenicʻakika

E like me ua ikeia, H ₃ AsO _{4 like} orthophosphoricʻakika, he electrolyte meakino ikaika. ʻO kona keʻokeʻo aniani moakaka nā pōaka i deliquescent, a i ua kālaiʻia 2H ₃ AsO ₄ x H ₂ O. kona paʻakai i hanaʻia me ka mekala 'åkilikai ke hooheheeia (like awelika, a me kaʻakika), ma koʻana koko pāʻoihana i ka pH oi aku ma mua o 7. Arsenates likiuma, potasiuma, paʻakai, a'amoniuma hooholo koke wailana i ka wai, a me ke koena o ka Middle paakai, aole ia i hoike mai i loko o laila. Arsenicʻakika - he maikai oxidizer. Ma redox reactions, ka mea, ua hoihoi hou ia i ka arsenousʻakika a arsine.

H ₃ AsO ₄ ⁺ 2e + 2H + = H ₃ AsO ₃ + H ₂ O

H ₃ AsO ₄ ⁺ 8e + 8H + = lehu ₃ + 4H ₂ O

Eia kekahi, arsenicʻakika hooholo koke oxidizes likeʻole i eliiaʻi, sulfite a me kaʻakika iodide, a me hydrogen sulfide.

Makaukau o arsenicʻakika

Ma lalo o keʻena hoʻokolohua kumu, H ₃ AsO ₄ hiki ke loaa ma ka reacting arsenic sesquioxide me nitricʻakika ma lalo o paio hahana maoli nō. Nā huahana ia akulla nitrous'okesaside a me H ₃ AsO _4. kekahi papa hana o ka hoomakaukau ana - o ka noho male 'ana i loko o ka wai o arsenic'okesaside. Pinepine hoʻohana 'e loaa ia i ka wā hoʻokahi'okesaside a me ka hydrolysis trialkilarsenitov enaena, i 50 ° C me ka pāʻoihana o ka hydrogen peroxide. Ka poʻe, i ka naoh läÿau, ua wehe 'ia mai ka wai a me ka waiʻona. laila, ke kākoʻo pāʻoihana ua evaporated, a me ka loaa kiʻekiʻe maemae arsenicʻakika. I ano, me ka maka i nā puke no ka arsenicʻakika i nā minelala hao arsenolite a me ka arsenopyrite, i ka poe waiwai i loko o hoʻokomo kālā o Chelyabinsk a me Chita nui māhele'āina o ka Russian Hui.

palapala noi H3AsO4

Ua haawiia i ka mea i ortomyshyakovayaʻakika o kekahi o na hoomake iho no hoi ikaika loa. Kona palapala noi i ka hana a me kela la i keia ola mea i kaupalena '. More like paʻakai - arsenates, nona kaʻawahia i ka emi ma mua ia o ka hapanui H ₃ AsO _4. Pela, i loko o ka ulu lāʻau aaioee hana me ka kiniki sulufahate a me ka pentachlorophenol paʻakai paakai, arsenicʻakika ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka iapaau ana o ka laau. Kēia iaoia minimizes ka lilo mai ka lukuia'na o ka kelulose fungal nā mea palahēhē a me larvae o ka'ūhini lele me, ka laau borers. I ka lapaau H ₃ AsO ₄ ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka "Atoxil" wa hoomakaukau ia no ka iapaau ana o ka protozoal nā mea palahēhē, e like me giardiasis, balantidiasis, isosporiasis.

It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka iho mailoko o ka heluna kanaka i kēia mau nā mea palahēhē i loko o nā makahiki ua mahuahua dramatically. Aia nō kekahi mau kumu - no ka laʻana, maʻiʻaʻai ma ka ai, i loaʻa ka spores protozoa, ma insectʻaki 'ole nā kiʻie. Arsenicʻakika ua hoʻohana 'ia e hoʻomaka ana mea i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka'ōnohi makaaniani, e like me ka uila wilikî. Derivative H ₃ AsO ₄ - kona paʻakai paakai, ua ana pili i dermatology a me Tuberculosis. Hui hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kahua niho arsenic (arsenic kāpili ma luna) me ka lāʻau hoʻohana no ka ua hakumakuma i kaʻeha pā lonoaʻili o ka wela ai nā aʻalolo ma luna o kona wehe' ia mai ka niho Canal.

I ka hana o kaʻakika ma luna o ke kanaka kino

E like me ka olelo mua, H ₃ AsO ₄ me ia ma ka lua o ka papa, a mahuahua nui p ÷ ino - loa pilikia waiwai. Manaoia lethal laʻau heluna o nā kaʻakika a me kona paʻakai i loko o ka laulā mai ka 15 a hiki i 150 mg no kilogram o kanaka kino. A me ka ho'ānoʻoleʻawahia hookoia, arsenicʻakika kumu necrosis o ka ili a me ka mucous membranes o na nā loko: maʻiʻaʻai, opu, liʻiliʻi.

I ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, ma o ka ho okolohua me ka arsenate a me ka H ₃ AsO ₄ Ua koi 'ia e hoʻohana aiiay Loan, a ua hana ma lalo o ka fume kapa ia lakou iho ho okolohua. Ma ka hihia o ka nui o ka halepaahao kaʻawahia aʻe kona'ūhū'ōnaehana, like inactivation o nā'ūhū. Ma kānaka, kaʻapu kōheoheo arsenate hele aku ai i paresis a hiki lōlō. Ma oncology chemotherapy me ka 'ole-kaʻaeʻana me ka dosing regimens o ka ai' a me kaʻapu kōheoheo hihia miarsenolom novarsenolom kakauia. First kōkua no kaʻapu kōheoheo paʻakai o arsenicʻakika mea koke gastric lavage (e laʻa me, paʻakai unitiola a silikone'okikene lua hoomakaukau).

E pale aku huʻiʻaʻa puʻuwai e hemahema, hemodialysis ua hoakaka. E like me ka antidote he okoa unitiola 5% pāʻoihana, he mea hiki ke hoʻohana safener Strizhevskaya. Ma mua o ka hōʻeaʻana mai o ka pilikia mua kōkua ma ka home, e emi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka intoxication hiki ke hoʻohana citricʻakika pāʻoihana, laila induce ka luaʻi a me ka'ōpū holoi. All pākōlea ana e halihaliia oia iwaho i kaʻaeʻana me ke kanana 'moe koena ma lalo o' inikua hooponopono.