Mea hiki ke kālaikūlohea: photoemission

No keia mea i ka mamao o ka awelika kanaka i loko o kā lākou mau kela la i keia ola ana hookahi kaahele aku la oia ma ke kula laulā maʻamau, ia mea he ole-ole, a, e hana e pili ana ia oe iho hoomanao. 'O kēia ka hana i ka wa e hele ai i ka kŰia o ka photoemission.

ka wehewehena

Photoeffect ke kālaikūloheaʻana i hoʻopololei kaʻina electrons i loko o nā nā'ātoma, nā lātoma, 'ona, a kupu ana mākaukau kaua paha ma ka wā paku ole ia i ka malamalama. A photoemission - he kaʻina hana ma i electrons i kona kikeke ana mai ka malamalama me ka ka ikaika e hele aku ma kela aoao o ka pā palena o ka mea.

Mōʻaukala a me ka Hou

No ka mea manawa mua ma keia mea kupaianaha mea i kekahi physicist mai Germany, Genrih Gerts i loko o ka mamao 1887. i ka weheʻana o ke ao i hoomauia colleague Hertz, Lūkini physicist Stoletov. A ano akamai, Einstein hoʻomohala i ka kumumanaʻo o ka photoelectric ia ma muli o ka manaʻo o quantum ke kālaikūlohea. Mai photoemission aʻo hohonu lawa a me versatile, a pili i kaʻike loaa ia lakou ma piha i ka manao a me ka hana ana o photovoltaic manaʻo me ka nānā 'ia. Inā ka walaʻauʻana kumu hoʻohālike mākou lawe, i kēia 'akomi puka no ka aoeaiia caaiea, holo ma ka ikehu lā keena.

Maomeka o kēia 'ano hana ma uila ikehu. Eia naʻe, ka ikehu lā aeee e hoʻohana wale mawaho photoeffect, hoʻololi ikehu hua mai la i ka pāhawewe i loko o uila,ʻaʻole loa. No laila, e hoʻohana ia i kumu o ka uila mea ole kūikawāʻano,ʻaʻole hiki ke'ōlelo mai e pili ana i hana nona iho. He me ke kōkua o ka malamalama kaola ia lŘlŘ hui pu i puhi ai i loko o 'akomi mana maomeka.

Me ka exaggeration, ka mea hiki e ua kūkākūkāʻia i ka loaʻa mai o ka photoelectric hookoia ua he io hoʻokahuli aupuni hanana ma ke kālaikūlohea. Eia nō i ka loa nui o kona hopena:

• mua o nā kānakaʻepekema hōʻike i ka malu 'ano o ka malamalama, me ka mea ulana lole malamalama;
• hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, mai ka noho malie i "olelo ana" i invented aoao o ka leo, a me ka nui, e hoike ana i ka hoolilo ana o ka neʻe kiʻi ua no hoi i hiki i ke aloha a hiki i ka photoelectric ia;
• hanaia'na ma luna o ka muli o photoelectric manaʻo ia machines a "akamai machines" i, haawiia mai na mea kiko'î o nā wahi likeʻole e hana me kanaka 'uao;
• he ai iiiaanoaa o okoa maomeka ma muli o ka photoelectron hana nona iho.

Penei, o ka loa hana o ka photoelectric hookoia, a lilo iho la ia i Hopu ma ka 'enehana kēia.

Mea Maluna o ka ikehu lā keena

Photo waiwai e māheleʻia i loko o kekahi mau ano e like me ko lakou waiwai a me ka hana.

1. Ka mawaho photoelectric hopena (i loko o nā hua'ōlelo - photoelectron ea puka). Nā electrons i i kinoea mawaho o ka waiwai ia ia ia lŘlŘ i kapaia photoelectrons. A me ka uilaʻikena, ka mea hana i ka wā i pololei oe oni ana iloko o ka mawaho uila kahua, i kapaia photocurrent.
2. Kūloko photoelectric hookoia, i alakaʻi ai i ka photoconductive mea. Ua lŘlŘ ka wā electrons i redistributed ma semiconductors a me insulators ke kaumaha ma muli o ka ikehu moku'āina o aggregation a - he'ā a me ka wai. redistribution kŰia ia lŘlŘ ma lalo o ka aoao o ka malamalama. Ua laila maoli ka pou conductivity o ka waiwai, a laila, ka mea, huli mai i ka hopena o ka photoconductivity.
3. Kiwikā photoelectric hookoia - ka hoʻololi o photoelectrons, mai ko lakou mau kino i loko o nā puaʻa hiwa (semiconductors) a me ka wai (electrolyte).

Mawaho photoelectric hopena o ke kumu o ka hana ana i kēia holo photocells. Lakou i ua hanaʻia i loko o ke aniani alabata ma i ka pahale loko ili ua hapa 'ia' kapa komo iā ia me ka lahilahi ahu iho la ka mea hao palapala moʻopane. A hōʻemi iki, ahu iho mānoanoa hoʻolako he uuku hana auaiaea. Ka aniani moakaka window hele i loko o ka ÷ pu u kukui, a aia i loko o ia i ka anode i loko o ka palapala o ka uea puka lou a me catches iwi kuamoʻo photoelectrons. Inā ka anode pili ana i ka maikaʻi kaupoku o ka o na pu ki, e pani i ka huakai kaapuni, ka mea hele ma ka pilaʻikena. Ie Holo ka ikehu lā aeee ke huli ma ka pā o ka mika.

Ma ka hoʻohuiʻia ka ikehu lā keena, a kuapo kanaka, e hiki ke hana i kekahiʻano o "e ike" machines, no ka mea hoike, i ka mīkini i loko o ke kaʻa'ōhua ma lalo iho.

No laila, i waiho ia ma ke kumu o na mea he nui hanalima keʻano o ka hanaʻana, ka mea mawaho photoelectric kanawai e like me ka nui physical discoveries ua kī i ka holomua hana o hanalima hana nona iho.