Mea kākau, dissident Soviet kālai'āina pio Marchenko Anatoliy Tihonovich: Kawaihae, nā hiʻona hana a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Marchenko Anatoliy Tihonovich - kekahi o ka mea nui pili aupuni pio i loko o ka Soviet au, ka poe i make i ka wa ana i manawa. Kēia kanaka i hana nui, e hoomaemae aku i ka aina o ka pili aupuni hoomaau ana. No ka mea, ua uku mua noho kauwa ole ana, a laila, ola Anatoliy Tihonovich Marchenko. Kawaihae, Ka hoʻolilo 'ia a me ka leʻaleʻa kūʻiʻo e pili ana i ka mea kākau moʻolelo - a pau keia e e kūkākūkā i au mamuli o ka pauku.

Ka mua ka hopena, a pakele

Anatoly Ua hanau ia ma Siberia i ka 1938. Kona makua kāne i ke alahao hana. I ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo puka 'o ia mai ka 8th papa, ma hope o nā mea āna i hana ia ma ka aila hana, hoʻouku a me kaʻimi loa i ka lewa kaua kiʻi e kaua. I kakahiaka nui 1958, ma hope o ka nui he hoowahawaha loa i mai ai ma ka hana 'hokele kaʻahele, la oia i hopu. Marchenko Anatoly iho i i komo i loko o ke kaua, akā,ʻo ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka makahiki elua i loko o ka hale paʻahao. A makahiki ma hope, Anatoliy Tihonovich pakele mai ka halepaahao. Soon ma hope o kona pakele ai i loko o ka panalaau ia i hele mai i ka lono o kona kalaʻana aku, e like me ka wehe 'ana o ke karaima moolelo. Ua hoʻoholo Ua i ma ka Presidium o ka Aha Soviet o ka USSR. I ka wā mai ka 1959 a hiki i 1960, Anatoly Marchenko auwana ana me ka palapala ma ka aina, i ka maʻiʻo me ka ōlaʻi hana.

Ke ho'āʻo nei e haʻalele i ka USSR, me ka hou hopu

Marchenko ho'āʻo e pakele, mai ka Soviet Union ma ka Akuma ka o 1960, nae, oia i e kali ana ia ma ka mokuna. Ke alo ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi iā ia i 6 makahiki i loko o ka hale paʻahao no ka kipi. Ua hiki March 3, 1961. Marchenko i ana i ka hoohewaia i loko o ka kālai'āina? Neeo eaaa? O Mordovia a me ka Vladimir halepaahao. Eia hoi, haule iho la oia mai, ka lilo ana o kona lohe ana.

Familiarity me Daniel Yu a me ka 'ē aʻe

Anatoliy Tihonovich Ua hoʻokuʻuʻia i loko o November 1966. He Ua hookuu ia hui ma ke aumeume aku la no ko lakou mau pono, he staunch hoa paio o ka he? Eia, a ideology, e lawelawe ana ia ia. Anatoly Marchenko i noho ai i loko o ka Vladimir māhele 'āina (Alexandrov), hana like me ka loader. Oiai i loko o kahi e hoʻomoana ai,ʻo ia halawai Yuliem Danielem. Kēia mea kākau hoʻolauna iā ia i ka 'elele o ka dissident ka pilina ma Moscow.

New makamaka, i waena o ka mea ua Larisa Bogoraz, i kona wā e hiki mai ka wahine, Anatoly Tikhonovich kōkua hooko i kona 'o mai ai i -, e ho okumu i ka puke ma luna o Soviet kālai'āina halepaahao a me nā wahi hoʻomoana o nā 1960s. "My kanawai" Ua pau i loko o ka Akuma ka o ka makahiki 1967. Ka mea, ua lilo loa i ka mahalo samizdat, a ma hope o ka manawa i paʻiʻia ma kahi'ē. Kēia hana i ua unuhi 'ia i loko o ka helu oʻEulopa' ōlelo.

"My kanawai," a me kā lākou kumukuai

Piha memoirs hoike o pili aupuni e hoʻomoana ai shattered illusions, i i puunaue i loko o ka USSR, a ma ke Komohana. Ua hoopakele, he nui wale i ka manawa i manaoio aku i ka outrage, e wehe ae kāʻili wale a me ka pili aupuni repression aku i kuee a haalele mai i loko o ka hala ma hope o ka make ana o Stalin. Marchenko ua makaukau, e hopu no i kēia puke. Naʻe, i ka KGB i oleʻaʻa i ka paka ia, i ka mea kākau? Oaony e kipaku wale aku no. Pela hoi, aole i hoomakaukau ke kānāwai ma luna o ka deprivation Marchenko Soviet kupa. Akā, i kēia manao no kekahi kumu i ole hoʻomaopopo.

Journalistic hana, hou aʻe

Anatoliy Tihonovich i ka makahiki 1968, mua ho'āʻo i kona lima me ka publicist. Ke kumu nui nō paha o kekahi mau o kona mau hāʻina o nā haʻawina i loko o ka 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke o "hamama palapala" he' aʻole hoʻi lapaʻau o pili pio. I ka ia makahiki, ma July 22, i palapala mai ai i ka hamama palapala i ka helu o ka haole a me ka Soviet nūpepa. Ua olelo mai ka make māinoino o ka suppression o ka Palaka Hao ke e kaua 'ana. A mau lā ma hope Marchenko i hopu ia ma Moscow. Ke kauoha e ku e ia ia, i loko o kue ana i ka palapala holo'āina'ē? Eia. I ka mea e mamuli o-pio i ole ae e noho ma ke poʻo i loko o ia mau makahiki. August 21, 1968 Marchenko i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i kekahi makahiki i loko o ka hale paʻahao. He malama no i ka hoohewaia i loko o ka Perm māhele 'āina (Nyrobsky kalaima i hoomoanaʻi).

Ma ka Ewa o kona kalaʻana i mālama 'i ka hou hihia e ku e Anatoly Tikhonovich. He Ua kauoha me ka defamation Soviet'ōnaehana "slanderous Ioi" o ka pio. Ma 'Aukake 1969 Marchenko i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka makahiki elua i loko o ka poe hoomoana.

Ma hope o ka liberation, i loko o ka makahiki 1971, Anatoliy Tihonovich noho ihola i loko o Kaluga nui māhele'āina (Tarusa), pu me L. Bogoras, a ma laila, ua lilo ia i wahine nāna. Marchenko ua ma lalo o hoʻomalu hooponopono.

Ka mua pololi hahau Marchenko

I ka 1973, ua makemake hou i ke aupuni, e hoouna Anatoly wale aku no. He Ua haʻakoi e kākau i ka'ōlelo ma emigration, hoʻoweliweli manawa ma ka hihia o ka ole. Ua hoʻoweliweli 'ia i loko o Pepeluali 1975. Marchenko Anatoly i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka eha makahiki o ke pio no ka 'aʻe' ana i na rula o ka hoʻomalu hooponopono. Koke hiki i keia olelo hooholo, Anatoliy Tihonovich pololi hahau ma hope, a paa ia no elua mahina. A lailaʻo ia i a hoʻokuewa wale 'ia ma Irkutsk māhele' āina (Chuna kauhale).

Kumuhana apau loa journalism, MHG

Marchenko, i ka wā i loko o ke pio, wahi a journalistic a me ka palapala, ai 'hana. He hōʻike i ka mōʻaukala o ka hou hihia hamama ku e mai ia ia, e like me ka pono me escorting he brutal hana i loko o kona puke noa i ka ' "Mai Tarusa i Chuny", i i paʻiʻia ma New York i ka makahiki 1976.

Kekahi recurring theme like i hana Marchenko journalism mea he pilikia i "Munich" kuwaho o ke kūpono o ka Soviet Union i Western democracies. Kēia i ka 'ike piha i ka' atikala, Anatoly Tikhonovich "Tertium datur - kolu o ka haawiia", hana i loko o ka makahiki 1976 me L. Bogoras. Nā kākau nema aku ana i ka olelo ma i ka mua hapalua o na 70s, e hoʻoikaika i lahui ana. Ka mea, ku e mai i ka nui o ka manaʻo o ka detente me ia, akā, e kū'ē i ka komohana o ka Soviet ka naʻauao o kēia manaʻo.

Ma May 1976, Marchenko i komo pū i loko o ka Moscow Helsinki Group (Moscow Helsinki Group), akā, i oleʻeleu loa i loko o kona hana, ma ka hapa, no ka mea, ua i loko o ke pio, ma ka hapa no ka mea, o ka hoa pāonioni ma muli o ka hope loa Kanawai aponoia ma ka Helsinki ke anaina kanaka.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka hou o ka puke

Anatoly Marchenko Ua hoʻokuʻuʻia i loko o ka makahiki 1978 (oiai escorting a hoʻopaʻahao, ma lalo o Soviet kānāwai ua komo i loko o ka makahiki, e like me kekahi lāʻekolu). Marchenko i noho ai i loko o ka Vladimir māhele 'āina (Karabanovo), oia hana like me ka stoker ieoaeunoai. Ka Mokuna ohi o samizdat "iaiyoe" (kolu o Edition 1978) ua he koho o nā mea hoʻolaʻa a hiki i ka umi o ka lā hoʻomanaʻo o ke kala ana o "koʻu hoike." Eia hou, i ka 2nd mokuna o ka hou puke Marchenko i waiho i loko o ia, "Live me ka a pau." Kēia hana ho'ākāka i ka mōʻaukala o ka hanaia ana o "koʻu hoike."

"Live e like kela mea keia mea e ae" a me ka pili aupuni-journalistic 'atikala

I ka hoʻomaka o ka 1981 Marchenko Anatoly hoomau i ka hana ma o ka puke, "Live me ka a pau." He ua i hoomakaukau ai no ka lehulehu ākea o ka mea, uhi ana ka manawa, mai 1966 a hiki i ka makahiki 1969. I ka Ia manawa Anatoliy Tihonovich i hana mai i ka helu o nā 'atikala o ka pili a me ka journalistic pulakaumaka. Kekahi o ia ua hoolilo i ka make māinoino o Soviet koa 'uao i loko o ka noho ana o Poland ma hope o ka kipi ana o ka "kūpaʻa".

Hope hopu Marchenko

No ka mea ono o ka manawa i hopu Marchenko Anatoly March 17, 1981. Kēia hopu i ka hope no ia. Kēia manawa, i ke Aupuni i makemake ole ia fabricate i kekahi " 'ole-kālai'āina" hoopii. Anatoliy Tihonovich i hoopiiia o ka manaʻo pīhoihoi, a propaganda ku ei ka Soviet Union. Koke ma hope o ka hopu, Marchenko olelo mai la oia i manaoio i ka KGB a me CPSU karaima a papa hana, a e ole komo i loko o ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana. I kakahiaka nui September 1981 ka Vladimir Regional Kiekie ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi iā ia i 10 makahiki ma na halelewa, e like me ka pono me ka mea hope i maopopo kahi au o 5 makahiki.

Andrei Sakharov, i loko o kona 'atikala ma hope mai "Save Anatoly Marchenko," i kapaʻia ka'ōlelo "blatant ikaika" no ka puke e pili ana i ka Gulag (Marchenko hai aku la no ia i waena o ka mua) a me ka' undisguised hoopai "no kona honesty, fortitude a kuokoa o ke ano a me ka naau.

Ka hope makahiki o kona ola

Mea kākau Marchenko Anatoliy Tihonovich ana i ka hoohewaia i loko o ka kālai'āina? Neeo eaaa? O Perm. Ka hooponopono Ua mau oia ia ia i ka ino. Marchenko Ua hoʻoneleʻia mai au o ka palapala a me nā kipa ', no ka mea iki ofeni, waiho ihola ia i loko o ka hoopai ana aeea. He loa paʻakikī e hele mai ana ma hope makahiki i kēia mea kākau Anatoly Marchenko. mea kākau o ka buke, a papa, i ua banned. Ma December 1984, mālama 'ia hoʻi luna brutally pepehi hou Anatoly Tikhonovich. Ma October 1985, no ka "kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana aʻe 'ana o ka" Marchenko i laila' o ia i ka nui stringent keia Chistopol o ka hale paʻahao. Here oia i kali aneane piha hoʻokaʻawale. Ma ia ana, pololi koe i ka wale manawa kūpono o ka e kū'ē'ē mai. Ka hope o ia mau mea, i ka loihi (117 lā lōʻihi like 'ole), Marchenko hoomaka August 4, 1986. Anatoly Tikhonovich koi ua e hoʻopau i ka hainā a pili aupuni pio i loko o ka Soviet Union, i ko lakou kala. Marchenko i papani ai hoi i ka pololi hahau November 28, 1986. A mau lā ma hope o ia, oia koke lilo ka maʻi. He Ua hoʻounaʻia ma luna o Dekemaba 8 i loko o ka kūloko Anatoly Marchenko haukapila. Kona Kawaihae welau i ka ia lā, i loko o ke ahiahi. Ua i laila, i ka mea kākau moʻolelo make. E like me ka oihana mana, i ka make ana e like me ka hopena o ka cardio-pulmonary insufficiency.

Eo MA Marchenko

Marchenko lanakila, akā,ʻo ia hiki i loaʻa mai no ia. pili aupuni e hoʻomoana ai ma hope koke iho o kona make ana i ua eliminated. Ka mea, uaʻAʻole wale inevitable mea, akā, i ka manaʻo, me Daniel olelo mai. December 11, ua kanuʻia 1986 Anatoliy Tihonovich i loko o ka pā ilina ma Chistopol. Ma hope o 5 mau lā (ma hope o A. Sakharov, a hoʻokuewa wale 'academician, Mikhail Gorbachev kapa) hoomaka ae la ka hou manawa ma ko kakou aina ka mōʻaukala. Eia naʻe, ke ola i ole kali no Anatoly Marchenko Ka hoʻolilo 'ia. I ka 1988, oia i posthumously i hookoia ka uku. Sakharov.

Kana mau hana, hoomaka ae la e e paʻiʻia ma kona'āina mai 1989. Anatoly Marchenko, ka poe i heluhelu i ka buke, a hiki i kēia lā koʻu ola holoʻokoʻa e kaua ana i ponoʻole. He Heʻauhau a hiki i keia nui kanaka.