Mea kākau Yuri Olesha: Kawaihae, kiʻi a me nā hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Haʻalele nui no hoi na mea kākau, haʻalele aʻela ia i hope,ʻaʻole no ka nui loa o ka hana o Olesha Yuriy Karlovich. Ua piha o ka Naauao kona Kawaihae eia nae kaumaha, akā, ia. Like nui kākau o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni wā, Olesha hiki i ka piko o ke kaulana, e lilo ana i ka cult huahelu i loko o ka nui opiopio aupuni. No ke aha la, laila, ma ka piko o ka mea, o ka hiʻona i kokoke oki i ka hana, a huli i ka poinoʻona-ia kanaka ilihune?

Noble makua o ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo

Yuri Olesha (mea kākau, a nui kuhihewa manaoio keiki) i hānau i loko o ka ohana o ka poe mamo o Hune Polish alii ko lakou. Pinepine i loko o ka biographies o ka mea kākau kākau i kona makua kāne i he mamo o kekahi aliʻi 'ohana mai Belarus. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole loa oiaio. Ua, Olesha - he inoa kaulana Hawaiian hanohano o ka XVI kenekulia. Eia naʻe, ma manawa ka mea, ua maliuʻia Catholicism a ua neʻe akula ia Poland. No keia kumu, i ka hoʻomaka o XX kenekulia. ohana Yuri Karlovich Olesha i hoʻokahi haneri pakeneka Polish.

Oiai ka makuahine o ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo (Olympia Vladislavovna) a me kona makua kāne (Carl Antonovich) - he kanaka o ka hanohano hanau ana, no ka mea, o ka mea pilikia kālā i kaʻohana a pau e ola, nonoi. ka mea, ua mālama lākou Karl Olesha me ka excise kūhelu.

Ma hope o ke kipi, ka Olympia a me Karl Olesha emigrated mai ka Russian aupuni a pau a hiki i Poland, kahi ana i noho ai a hiki i kona make ana. Ka mea kākau hoole ia ia iho, e haʻalele i kona'āina, akā, inā pilikia ka haumāna loa kaawale ana, mai ko lākou mauʻohana. ʻO wai ka mea i ike, malia o loko o kona wa elemakule, a hiki minamina i hōʻoleʻo ia, e haʻalele me Yuri Olesha mākua. Kawaihae ia laila, hiki ke hui aku i ka loa okoa. Oiai, paha, me kona mau tālena hiki oo wehewehe wale nō i loko o kona aupuni kona home.

Yuriy Karlovich Olesha: he manawa pōkole Kawaihae o ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi

Aina hanau, o ka mea kākau o ka "Ekolu mea momona Men" ma Elisavetgrad (a 2016 - Kirovohrad, manawa - Kropyvnytskyi) i loko o Pepeluali 1899

Ma ka 3 makahiki mua o ke ola nei,ʻaʻole kekahi mea kupaianaha kūlana Yuri Olesha. Kawaihae no ka poʻe mamo ma ka heluna o nā puke pele emi elesavetgradsky wā o kona olaʻana, me ka hoʻokoʻikoʻi ma luna o ka mea kākau moʻolelo mau makua neʻe i Odessa. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i kēia kūlanakauhale i kekahi maoli ka home no ia ia, e like me ka pono me ka cradle no kona tālena lilo.

e neʻe A mau makahiki ma hope o Yuriy Karlovich Olesha Rishelevsky lākou i heluʻia i loko o ke kula. Here ia i lilo hoihoi i loko o ka holoholona hihiu o ka nô hoʻi, a hiki i ka kulanakauhale Competition loa ma kaʻaoʻao o ka gymnasium. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka pilikia a me ka naau o ke keiki koke ia, e haawi aku i kou punahele Hobby. Akā,ʻo ia koke loaʻa i ka hou - poetry hana.

Manawa ma na hana o Gumilyov, a hiki i ka makahiki o ka like ma ke kula kiʻekiʻeʻo ia i hoʻomaka kākau i ko lakou mau poem'ōpiopio Yuri Olesha. Ka mea kākau moʻolelo, kona Kawaihae Ua paʻiʻia i loko o nā puke a pau o ka aina - e Aloha pehea aʻu i ike ai i koʻu wā e hiki mai ia i ka manawaleʻa schoolboy. Pakahi aku la ia hooeueu ae la i manaolana i kona "Klarimondu" paʻiʻia i loko o ka "Pai o ke kūkulu hema". Naʻe, i ke alakaʻi o ka gymnasium i i makemake i ko lakou aloha no ka haumāna, no laila, i ke kanaka'ōpiopio papaia e kākau poetry, a i ka manawa āna i haʻalele i kona palapala, ai 'ana.

Ka hoʻokahuli aupuni 1917 Olesha ana puka 'o ia mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe, a helu i loko o ka kūloko kulanui ka kānāwai nā kumu.

Komo i loko o Odessa "Team o ka haku mele o"

Akā,ʻo ia i lilo i loio Olesha Yuriy Karlovich. Kona Kawaihae i ua loli ma ka HoʻokahuliʻOiʻenehana i ka 1917, a me ka loli hookuku kaua i loko o ka nohona o ka aina.

Like na mea he nui o kona mau palapala, ai 'hoa - Kataev, I. Ilf a me E. Bagritsky, Olesha halawai i keia me ka olioli, a me ka manaolana no ka muli o ka hou, maikaʻi, a nui wale honua. Ka Nohona Pili ia e kekahi hapa o ka mea, ma hope o 2 makahiki o ke kuka nei lakou wa opiopio ia i hoʻokuʻu mai, aʻeleu ma luna o ka hana ana o kona mau palapala, ai '' oihana. Paha ka impetus no keia hoi ua i ka mea i loko o 1919 i ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo ua maʻi me ke kuni, a me ka māhunehune ola.

Mea ua maoli, akā, ma hope o haalele ana i ke kulanui, Olesha, me Ilf, Kataev a me nā nā hoapili, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka palapala, ai' pūʻulu "ka like o ka haku mele."

Keia kula he 2 makahiki. I loko o keia manawa i loko o kona kahua i kipa ma kahi o 20 maikaʻi-ike palapala, ai 'na kii (a me Vladimira Sosyuru, Faith Ibner a me Zinaida Shishova).

Ma ka hālāwai, "Kane o ka haku mele o", ka i komo heluhelu kā lākou mau hana, a hai aku poetry o Mayakovsky, a ua ai no ia i ka hae o ka poetry o kēia manawa.

Ma waho aʻeo i ka palapala, ai ahiahi, Olesha a me kona mau hoa i hana ma ka papa hana hoʻonaʻauao. Ma kekahi, e hāʻawi i nā puke i waena o nā hana, a me ka Army Kaiula, e like me ka ho okumu ana i kou mau hale waihona puke.

ʻeleu a me ka hua nui aayoaeuiinoe "Team haku mele" Ua ike ma Moscow, a ma ka 1922 he nui wale o ia i kono e neʻe i ke kapikala o ka USSR, a ke hana i ka nui kūlanakauhale'ē aʻe o ke aupuni. Aie i ka mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE alakaʻi o ka palapala, ai 'pūʻulu haʻalele Odessa - ia wāwahi.

Yuri Karlovich haʻalele i ke kulanakauhale ma ke kai no ka makahiki mua o ka hanana -ʻo ia i kono e hana i loko o Kharkov.

Ekolu Muses Yuri Olesha

I ka mea opiopio kākau moʻolelo i kekahi mau kumu, e haʻalele i ko lakou aina. Kekahi o ia mau mea - he wahine.

Ia nō i kekahi o na luna o ka "IEP, o ka mea kākau," au i loko o ke aloha pili me Serafimoy Gustavovnoy Suok Yuri Olesha.

Kawaihae aloha kākau moʻolelo maopopo Hōʻike ia ia i kekahi wahine o questionable noho pono ana. Eia naʻe, ma ia manawa i loko o ka wahi o ka bohemian hana mea kaila, a hiki e holumua ai.

Oia i loko o ka mea maoli kūlana me Oleshye, Seraphima (Sima) wehe i ka pōkole Awaits me kekahi o ka poʻe kūʻai. Aia he lono i ka mea i hanaia aneane ma ka noi o Olesha a me Kataeva. Allegedly na kanaka manaolana i ka nani o Sema ke kiʻi mai i ka waiwai suitor ration pepa a me nā waiwai i loko o pōkole lako, i mea nele, i ka manawa o ka wi. Naʻe, ka wā Swauk neʻe e noho me "kākoʻo ana ma", Yuri Karlovich makau i lilo i kekahi mea i aloha ai a mau loa aku, a lalau aku la i kona hale ua.

Eia naʻe, ma hope o kona hoʻi koke giddy Simochka manawa e Soviet haku mele Vladimir Narbut, a hele aku la, mai Olesha, lilo i ka wahine o kona kuanaʻike hou, a ua waeia.

I desperation kiola ia mea kākau mare i kona kaikuaana Olga, a lilo ia i malama pono hoa no ke ola.

He mau kaikuahine Swauk lilo i ka prototype o ka "Three kelekele Men" o ka protagonist. A ina i hoolilo i Zhene Oleshi formally keia hana, mānewanewa ka loa 'ano o ke ano mai restless Simochka, a e hoʻokele e kipa mare palua aku ma hope o ke oki me ka repressed Narbut.

Ma waho aʻeo i na kaikuahine Swauk ua Yuri Karlovich kekahi kukakuka iho, no ka mea, ua palapala mai i ka "Three kelekele Men". I ka inoa o keia nani - Valentine Leontievna Gryunzayd. ʻOiai ka wā e hālāwai - ia i kekahi kaikamahine o Valya. Olesha i manawa ma ka lokomaikai o kona keiki ka a ae mai la i ka palapala i kona moʻolelo, i a laila i hana ai. No hoi, ka mea, i kekahi manawa oʻApelila ia i ka wā Gryunzayd ulu - ole, e mare me ia. Akā, e like me nā mākua, Valentine lilo i ka wahine o kona hoa - Petrov.

Columnist ma ka "hora leo"

Ma hope o neʻe i ka 1921 ma Kharkov, hoomaka ae la oia e hana i ka mea kākau o ka poem a me Humorous Ka Honua Nei Yuri Olesha. hiki ke ho'ākāka 'ia ma pōkole Kawaihae ana iā ia i loko o kēia wā e like me: hana a me ka hana hou. Yuri Karlovich hana ana increasingly mahalo lilo ana. A me ka ole i ka manaʻo o ka naau ino wawahi i me Sima ma hope, Olesha maopopo hoʻomōhala ma luna o ka hana - a no ka maikai kumu. I loko o ka makahiki o ka hana i loko o Kharkov i laila 'o ia i ke kapikala o ka USSR.

Eia ka mea, i kaʻeleu aku i komo i loko o ka palapala, ai 'ola, a halawai me na mea he nui o kona poe kii.

Ua hoʻopiʻi 'ia ma ka nūpepa "pio aku", i ka mea kākau moʻolelo publishes ia i loko o konaʻano kūhalahala, he kūoʻo satires, a loaa i ke aloha o ka mea heluhelu ma ka aina. Ma keia hihia, e hoʻohana i ka Alia o "chisel".

Ka pomaikai nui ma ka palapala, ai 'kula, a me ke kūʻokoʻa o ka luna i ka mea kākau moʻolelo manaʻo e pili ana i kākau i ka nui Ana Aina.

Hoʻokahuli aupuni-pilialoha moʻolelo "Ka Three momona Men"

Ka mua nui hana o Yuri Karlovich Olesha i ka i olelo mua iaʻi awawa Gryunzayd moʻolelo - ", Ke Three momona Men" ʻOiai ka mea i paʻiʻia ma ka 1929, o ka mea kākau kakau iho la oia ia mea mamua - i ka makahiki 1924

Ma kēia moʻolelo e pili ana i ka paakiki-hana kanaka aumeume me ka momona kanaka-parasites mea kākau hookomo a pau lākou hoʻokahuli aupuni ideals. Ua piha o metaphors a me ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaʻao kēia puke, eia nae kona kuka meaʻaʻohe wahi no ka kilokilo.

I loko nō o ka mea i kēia puke i palapala no ka Valentina Gryunzayd, i ka papa kuhikuhi ano o keia Kaao (acrobat Swauk), Yuri Karlovich kona inoa i loko o ka hanohano o ke kahiko aloha a me kaʻikena wahine.

'Oiai, ua hala aku na makahiki mai ka paa ana o "Ekolu mea momona Men" - i lana ai, keia mea i ka hana loa optimistic i kākau Yuri Olesha. Kawaihae, Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o keia Kaao ua i nā hoomaka ae la e huli i loko o ka no. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i ka Soviet aupuni i iki wale o dissidents. I ka pōʻino o keia kahua moe ana ma ka oiaio i ka hapanui o na Artists iʻalo me ke koho: waiho i ka mana, a, e lilo i mea hoʻokaumaha a haawi, a e hoʻokaumahaʻia ma ka totalitarian mīkini.

I ka makahiki e hele mai ana, he nui o na makamaka a me na hoalauna o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i loko o kekahi aoao ai kekahi lilo i luahi o ka hou moʻomeheu kulekele. Kona kuhi hewa Yuri Karlovich hōʻike i loko o ka 'ē aʻe nui hana - ka puke "i hoopea aku".

"Huāhuā" Yuriya Oleshi

I ka makahiki 1927, ma ka "Red Virgin lepo" Ua mua paʻi Roman Oleshi - ". I hoopea aku" Pololei olelo ana, ua hana ua i ka mea mua nui hana o Yuri Karlovich. No ka mea, ma ia manawa ia i mua, ua palapala, "Three kaikea Men", akā, ka mea e e paʻiʻia 2 makahiki ma hope.

Ka puke "huāhuā" Ua ikaika i loaa ma ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka heluhelu. Loa paha, keia ua aie i ka mea i ka mea Olesha hōʻike i ka lono kaumaha hopena o ka Contemporary imi naʻauao i ka mea aole ia e pono i loko o ka hou Soviet lehulehu.

Eia naʻe, e like me ka mau o ka makahiki, i ka puke "huāhuā" i kekahi kumuhana o kalakala noʻonoʻo loi, no ka mea, aole ia i hoʻopili like i ka Socialist realism.

Ia manawa, malaila Yuri Olesha Kawaihae ua hōʻolokeʻaʻia,ʻaʻole wale nō kāna, akā, me nā haneri o nā Artists ka poe i ole i nele i ka hou aupuni, akā, uaʻaʻole i hiki i ka haʻalele. Lono i mea i ke kiʻi o Andrei Babichev i decommissioned me Mayakovsky.

Kēia puke kena ae la i ka pioloke, a ua kaumaha aku kona mea nāna i hana i ka luna. A ma hope o ka lehulehu ākea o "Ekolu mea momona Men" kona mea kākau Ua lilo 'ike me ka Soviet kākau moʻolelo. Ano, kokoke i kekahi puke, aia mea he nui a he uuku Kawaihae Yuriya Oleshi. Ua mea, ma ke alo o ka ia, e kali ana no ka hookipa ana huali wā e hiki mai - akā, i kēia i hana.

Makakū kaumaha Oleshi

E like me ka makakū kanaka, Yuri Karlovich ua kokoke ikepili koʻikoʻi, a i hai i nā hoʻololi i loko o ke kaiāulu i loko o ka hopena o 20 mau - i kakahiaka nui 30-ies. wale i hiki ole. Ma waho aʻeo ia awaawa poho, ma ka ideals o ke kipi, Olesha i ae mai i kekahi pōʻino. He aha makemakeʻo ia i ka palapala,ʻaʻole hoihoi i loko o ka mana. Eia hoʻi, ka mea, ua i wale manaoia i pili, akā, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka loaʻa o ke kūlana o ka 'ino ai.

Ma ka pōʻaiapili o Soviet realism ka mea, i ke kākauʻana a me ka mea au e loaʻa mai o ka aoao, a aole au a kakau i nā mea a pau. A e lawa i ka noho ma luna o, ina ole e kākauʻana? Ka oi no laila, no ka mea, o ka mea kākau, aole ia i hoolaha akomi heluʻia i ka parasite. A ka mea, ua mua he hewa.

Loaa ole i kaʻikena moʻokalaleo, Yuri Olesha lilo mau naau, a hoomaka ae la e inu pinepine. A mau makahiki ma hope, ua lilo ka maʻi kanakaʻona mau. Ano hoomainoino i kona kulana kūkala nūhou e pili ana i ka hoomaau ana o kona mau nā hoapili. A he pepehi anaʻia iā iho Mayakovsky (ka mea i kekahi manawa he beacon no ka mea kākau i loko o ka moʻokalaleo) a i shattered ola Yury Karlovich.

nā makahiki

I loko nō ola pilikia, alcoholism a me ka kaumaha mea kākau, ua ola ia i 30 makahiki, a make iho la i loko o May 1960

Ka loa ana e piʻi like Oleshi i loko o kēia wā, he i kona mau diaries. Ka mea, Ua paʻiʻia me ka hookaawale puke "No lā me ka laina" i ka mea kākau o ka make ma hope.

Naʻe, ina na LIKE - e hana no ka uhane, a laila, ola "kino" Yuri Karlovich hoʻolimalima ma ke kākau 'ana ka hana keaka a me ka screenplays. Ka hapa nui o ia mau mea - ka ka hoʻololiʻana o Chekhov mau hana, Dostoevsky, Kuprin a "Three kelekele Men" a me ka "huahua i hoopea".

I ka mea ia manawa, he mau apana o kona mau haku mele 'ana. Ma kekahi, "Make Zanda." Ua paʻa hapa hana ma ka hopena o Communist mea kākau Zandi, Olesha ho'āʻo i ka hoike i ko lakou manao ma ka puni Socialist aku o ka lanakila.

I na makahiki hope o kona ola kokoke noi aku la i Olesha Yury Karlovich. Kawaihae no na keiki, a ua mālama lākou i loko o na puke, kākaʻikahi uku noonoo ana i keia mea. Naʻe, i loko o kēia wā o ke ola ka mea kākau moʻolelo alakaʻiʻaneʻane noho.

Ka mea i ka mea, i ole i ko lakou mau hale noho, a me ke kumu o ka "huahua" noho pinepine kekahi mai hoa a me na hoalauna. Ma waho aʻeo ia pohihihi keia palapala, ai 'loaʻa kālā, e lawe i ke kālā no kaʻai i kokua mai ia ia banal e nonoi ana ma ke alanui. ua hiki A inu no a hiki i ka nui Pomaikai opiopio Soviet moʻolelo, ka poe i hana mai ia ia, mai o ka manao i ke tālena nui.

Ua opiopio dandy, ma kona wa elemakule, he Yury Karlovich, e hele i ka lole popopo.

He make kākau mai ka banal naau hoouka.

E like me ka mea ma mua kākau moʻolelo, ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ka pā ilina Novodevechem Moscow. Ma ka lalani mua o ka pauku mua.

A hiki i kona mau kanakaʻona mau kaumaha Yuri Olesha oʻApelila ia ia ka mea e makemake i kona hoʻolewa ua he nui oi uku ma mua o ka mea, e ai no ka palapala, ai kānaka apau i mākaukau. I ka mea ia manawa, e loaʻa i ka wa e ola ana o ke dala waiwai io o ke koena unuhi o kaʻoihana elua.

Yuri Olesha: Kawaihae, hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo

• I ka 'ōlelo o ke keiki i kēia nui Soviet mea kākau ikeia Polish. Russian ka mea, ua aʻoʻia ma hope, e noho ana ma Odessa. I keia la i kōkuaʻia e kona kupuna wahine, ka mea i ao mai i ka mea ia manawa ke keiki ka makemakika.
• Yuri Karlovich he kaikaina kona Wanda. Ua Ua hanau elua makahiki mua ma mua o kona kaikaina. I ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo mai ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi i loa pili ia ia, a seriously ola i kona make, mai typhus. Ka nui puupuu ua i Wanda loaa e Yuri, ka mea i ola, a me ia mea - i.
• Ma ka puke Valentin Kataev "Diamond koʻu leialii", ma ka hou Esenina, Ilf a me Babela, a ua kākauʻia ma ka Yuri Olesha. Kona Kawaihae, nae, i ua iki masked, a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo iho akaka ma lalo o ka inoa o ka artist-metaforista kī. Incidentally,ʻo ia hana ua ole loa ia i ke kanaka i ho'ākāka 'ia a me Sima Suok. Ua Ua haawiia mai i ka inoa kapakapa "darling."
• Olga Gustavovna Swauk, lilo iho la ua ua mare i ka wahine mua a me ka wale o ka mea kākau ma ka manawa o kona courtship a i ke keiki. kona hoao ana me Olga Olesha ma hope o lawe i kona stepson.
• I ka wā mai ka 1936 a hiki i ka makahiki 1956. Oleshi hana i ole, ua paʻi. Ma hope iho o ka abolition o ka unofficial pāpā ua lilo hoʻonoho me he keiki ka mea kākau Yuri Olesha. Pōkole Kawaihae no na keiki pu ma kaʻaneʻane kela puke "Three momona Men". Ma keia hihia, ka mea, ua kākaʻikahi oleloia o kona kaumaha a me ka oi nui hana.
• ʻO ka manawa pōkole Kawaihae Yuriya Karlovicha Oleshi kekahi mau 'ike ana mai o ka loa kamaliʻi moe, e hele. Eia naʻe, i loko o kona wa opiopio ka mea,ʻaʻohe kālā no keia. Ka Uluwehi o, aʻaʻole i kākau i loko o ka moʻokalaleo o Socialist realism, ka mea kākau aole o lakou hele ma kahi e, a ua ua mau loa nele o ka manawa, e ike i ke ao nei e like me ka mea i hiki ai i kona hoa Ilf. Kokoke i loko o nā manawa a pau o kona ola (a ma ka piko o ke kaulana, a me na makahiki o ke kaumaha) Olesha loa kala mai i ka pili ana ia.