Mikhail Botvinnik: Kawaihae, e piʻi like, kiʻi

Mikhail Botvinnik (1911 - 1995) - i ka uku, akā, he paʻakikī ke kanaka, loa paa, i ke ano o ke ano o ke koa i hoopau wau ma ka wā e ola ana. Lūkini Mū Kākela kula, aʻo ia i hana - kona papa kuhikuhiE lanakila. Ma keia 'atikala mākou, e haʻi akuʻoe ana versatile kanaka ua Mikhail Botvinnik. Kona Kawaihae ua i kaupalena 'ia Mū Kākela.

kamaliʻi

I loko o kaʻIseraʻela i ka 1964, Botvinnik iho la ia i kekahi mea e like keia e pili ana i kona wā kamaliʻi makahiki. Koʻu makua kāne i mua ia mai he kauhale kokoke Minsk, a i mahi ai. He ua he kanaka nemeryany physical ikaika. Free e Haiʻina mai ka bipi ma na pepeiaohao, a ninini iho la ia ma ka honua. Botvinnik Mihail Moiseevich ia iho, manao iho la ia a pau ili mai kona makua kāne - a me ke ano a me ke kino e. Ka makua kāne i hele ai i St. Petersburg, e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ke kahua niho technician. Aia la oia me Serafima Samoilovna Rabinovich, dantistkoy. Ka mea, mare no ka mea, he ole wale 'oihana' kokoke loa, akā, ma ka uhane - nā komo i loko o ka 1905ʻOiʻenehana. Technician makua kāne o ka wā e hiki mai champion ua nani. Soon he keiki ohana, a i hanau ke mua ke keiki a Isaaka, neʻe i loko o ka nui ka ikehu lā semikomnatnuyu keʻena ma luna o Nevsky. Ka 'ohana i he kahu ai, governess, kaikamahine. A laila hele mai ka 17th makahiki, ia ia i ai i hūnā mai unexpected malihini. Ka makua kāne o ka 20-makahiki haʻalele i ka 'ohana, a mare hou. Ma ka hoao ia Elua mau kaikamahine a me kona makuwahine hoala kana mau keiki ia ia iho. Akā, koʻu makua kāne, i kokua mai ia financially.

Familiarity me ka Mū Kākela

Buddy ka hoahānau, ka poʻe i noho i loko o ka pā hale kokoke, i loko o 12 makahiki i hōʻike Misha, pehea e pāʻani Mū Kākela. Ma keia manawa, Mikhail Botvinnik, mua i loko o ke kula a me ka heluhelu i ka panina moʻokalaleo: Lermontov, Gogol, Turgenev. He oi loa aloha i ka "Kaua, a noho mälie '" a me Pushkin. Ma hope mai, lilo 'o ia ike i na hana o Zoshchenko , a aloha aku la ia lakou. He hope i loaʻa i ka mea kākau i manaoio i loko ona,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o Mū Kākela, akā, i ke kanaka i na mea he nui e loaʻa ai i loko o ke ola. Akā, ka mea, ua i loko o ka makahiki 1933. A iā Misha puni Mū Kākela aʻo kū kaʻawale. He kākau i loko o ka Puke Memo aoao Lasker, a ua'ōleloʻia ma luna o ia mau mea. Eia i kekahi koho Mikhail Botvinnik sport - Mū Kākela.

makua mau kino i

Misha hele aku la i ka Mū Kākela palau. Akā, i ka wā i haʻi aku no ia i kona makua kāne, a laila, ke kuko ke keiki o ka wahi ana i ia io. He e manao ia ua he pāʻani o ka manawa e like me pepa. A i ole'āpono i ka makuahine o ka hana hoʻonanea keiki. A hiki aku i ke kono i hele mai ai i kana keiki mai Stockholm, ka mea komo i loko o ka fuss, a holo aku la a hiki i ke kula e noi ana ia lakou i ka e ke teenager wale aku no i ka 1926. Akā, ma ke kula i kona mau anxieties ia me ka irony a me Misha hookuu ma Kuekene. Maliu hou aku paha i ka makuahine a me ka makua kāne i ka Mū Kākela wale i kekahi mea: ia mea,ʻaʻole heʻoihana, a me ka hana hoʻonanea. A mai pāʻani Mikhail Botvinnik i hiki ole. A kaʻi ia i hana ole. E hana na mea a pau ia ia iho. I heluhelu mau puke ma luna o Mū Kākela, ua kālailai. A hiki i ka pau ana o kona olaʻana, ua manaoio aku i ka ka mea pâʻani pôpeku a pau mea e hana ia iho: kālailai, kālailai a me ka hou. Ua mea nui, a me ka 'ike kēia manawa ka mea i hiki ole ke loaa.

Study, ka hana a me ka Mū Kākela

Mikhail Botvinnik i kakahiaka nui, ia ia i ua ole i 16 o kona mau makahiki, puka 'o ia mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe, a me ka opeapea Hits ke aupuni Poʻokela Honua. Nā hualoaʻa e nani: eiwa Huipû, ehiku ua kokoke mai a me ka eha make ai. He ua ka muli loa i komo. A me ka pololei o ka makahiki ma hope,ʻo ia ke pili no ka a kākau inoa i loko o ka Polytechnic Institute. Mū Kākela mau relegated. Akā këia ma ke kula,, a ma hope ma ka puka kula, Michael ua limahana ma ka haʻuki kahua kolepa o. I ka makahiki 1933 ma ke aupuni mau hoʻokûkû poʻokela, kaʻohiʻana i kona ikaika a pau, oia loaʻa i ka lanakila. I ka hookahi makahiki i loko o ka ń e ku e S. Flohr aku kona koʻikoʻi i huki. Akā, a pau o ka West manaoio aku i ke koa o Czechoslovakia. No keia lanakila i i hookoia Botvinnik ke kaʻa, a me ka inoa o ka Luna Nui o ka USSR.

mare

I '34 i ka ike ana o koʻu mau hoa me ka hoalauna ma ka papa. Ua ua he leo hone'ōpiopio pouli-piʻipiʻi nani ballerina. He hahai i kona hale i loko o ka ninini ka ua. A makahiki ma hope, i ka ahaaina i wahi. Happy ka mare ana kanalima-mau makahiki. Gayane Davidovna poe naauao, ina ia hiki ole e hele ma me kana kane hakakā, ka mea, ua mau pono ole, e uku i kekahi hoʻolohe i ka ia. Ua aku kana kane, e mālama ana i ka ua'emi ko kahua. A Kuhikuhi 'ia i ke kumu hoohalike o Galina Ulanova, ka poe i hele mai i ka hōʻike, elua no hora mua o ka hoʻomaka' ana, a i ole olelo, ua makaukau oia.

lahui lanakila

I ka 1936 i ka ÷ ń i loko o 'Enelani i lawe pū kī âlapa pôhili i loko o ke ao nei - Euwe, Lasker, Capablanca, Alekhine. Botvinnik Capablanka, a mahele ae la 1 a me 2 wahi. I ka 1938, o ka aoao Botvinnik - Capablanca lanakila i ka makana "No ka nani," a ma laila Mikhail Moiseevich lanakila Alekhine.

Ua lanakila ka 3rd wahi. Mau lanakila pūnaewele Mū Kākela pôpeku, e manaoio i ka lakou. Ma ke ao nei mau hoʻokûkû poʻokela Michael iʻae, e like me lakou iho me Alekhine, akā, i ke kaua hoʻomaka. A pau makahiki i ke kaua GM ua hana e like me ka uila lunaʻenehana ma Perm, a ma ka hoʻokûkû poʻokela a pau o ka USSR i kūpono ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe mua. Halawai ana me Alekhine iʻula a i ka MH 1946, akā, i ke ao nei champion i make koke. I ka 1948, koke i ke alakaʻi i loko o ka World Cup, a ua lilo ia mau wale nō nā pāʻani Mikhail Botvinnik. Ke ao nei naita i ka mua manawa he Soviet kanaka. Mai 1948, lanakila 'o ia i ka inoa o ka World Poʻokela, Botvinnik ua oki i ka hana, a me ka mokuāhana ma he makahiki ekolu. He Ua seriously pū ma ka 'epekema. I ka 1951 ka mea, ua i ka PhD i ka uila wilikî. Kēia hiki ole akā, pili i ka pono o kona poe me keia makahiki.

honua mau hoʻokûkû poʻokela

• I ka 1951 i ka ń me Davidom Bronshteynom i ka huki, akā, noho ihola i ka inoa me Mihailom Moiseevichem.

• I ka makahiki 1954 i ke kahua me V. Smyslov i kekahi he huki.
• I ka 1957, ia i ua ole mamua o Vasiliya Vasilevicha Smyslova, akā, i ka 1958, hele aku kekahi rematch lanakila i Botvinnik.
• I ka makahiki 1960,ʻo ia nalowale ia Mihailu Talyu, akā, i ka 1961 - hookahi manawa hou i ka lanakila, a me ka loa hoomaopopo ana.
• Ua ua wale i ka makahiki 1963, ka mea i mua o Tigran Petrosyan.

I ka 15 makahiki ka mea, ua nui ka undisputed honua champion. Mikhail Botvinnik a laila, hele akula ia i ka lanakila i nā lahui Competition.

pili mau hoʻokûkû poʻokela

Mua, mai ka mea a na kona piko a pau lilo Bronshtein i 'ōlelo, no ka mea, ua naʻauao unethically. Ma ke keʻena nui ma ke alo o ke kahua ma ka pahu noho kona mau kânaka, a ina loaʻaʻo ia i ka pawn, Alaila hoouna koke ae lohe i ka applause. Bronstein, hana i ka neʻe aku, koke holo ma ke kua o ke kahua, a laila, e hele mai hoʻi. Ua melteshenie distracted e Botvinnik. Eia hou kekahi, Bronstein, ka KGB hana, ua ku e ke konane Alekhine - Botvinnik. He paipai i ka Mū Kākela pôpeku, e hai aku Alekhine kanaka i E alu like me ka Nazis, a e hoonele aku ia ia no e kaua ole, i ka inoa o ka honua champion.

T. Petrosian i naʻauao, ka wā e waiho ai ia Iosepa, pololei ole. Ma kekahi o nā pāʻaniʻo ia Ka incredibly hewa: hoole e kakau i kekahi meaningless wahi i loko o na rula o ka hihiu, laila,ʻae, laila, hoole hou. Kēia ke ano o kekahi wale nō mea - ia i makemake e huki i nā aʻalolo Botvinnik. Akā, i ka wa a ka ń i hoomaka ai, kânaka Petrosian mua lakou komo ana i ka stairway hoomaka rattling aku i ka lepo, i lawe mai ai, mai'Ararata. Pehea e pane koke Botvinnik? Pehea e hōʻinoʻoe. He'ōlelo i ina ma mua ka mea i ninini aina hoano o Ierusalema,ʻo ia makemake paipai i "proponents" wale kahili i ke kahua hahi.

kiʻiona kāna moʻolelo

Tenacity a me perseverance, ke hiki, e kau aku i ka pahu hopu, a me ka hihia, e hahai aku ia ia. Ka naʻau i loko ma ka lealea, ua IeAUPIIe, IAa IO kaua. Ma luna o kēia GM hana like ma luna o physical aʻo. No, ma ka, pili hoʻokûkû kēia ho'āla kaua luku i ou wahi lihi iki o ka ikehu. Mū Kākela pôpeku hoi kahi i manaoio ia ina i ka hoʻokûkû i ma luna o ke kaupaonaʻana, ka mea, 'o ia hoʻi i ka mea i waiho mai i loko o ka laua. A ma ka mea e malama pono maikaʻi i loko o noho pilikia lealea,ʻo ia mau makani hoʻi mai e nou kokoleka.

I ka maʻamau o ke ola

Ka ohana i noho ai i loko o ka maʻamau elua-lumi keʻena. Ua oia o elima kanaka, a me ka nanny no kaʻu kaikamahine. I ka papaʻaina i loko o ka hale, aia ua kekahi. It keiki e hana haʻawina hoʻihoʻi, a me Mikhail Moiseevich waiho mai i ka chessboard. A ma ka 1951, i ka ń me Bronstein i ka pō, no laila, i ole e ālai ia 'aʻe i ka hale, aʻu i noho a manaʻo ma luna o ka' aoʻao i loko o ka make up, a kū ma luna o ka papa me ka hīnaʻi o ka holoi.

E like me ke akamai nui i loko o ka nō (PhD, Kumu), oia ua pau kane haʻawina hoʻihoʻi i no. Mau lima, no ka laʻana, hoʻomaikaʻi hou i ka palama. Noho ma ka aina,ʻino a pau,ʻo ia i hana i kekahi mea i loko o ka luawai. Aʻu i hele ma ka hoalauna, Hope Brezhnev, a me ka nana aku i kaʻino ölelo 'duckling, casually: "A laila, e hele mai i oʻu nei." Ua noonoo ke misunderstanding ka wā e hālāwai.

House ma ka paena, hoolaa ai i ka 1949, e like me kona mau ho, a Nails hou me kona mau lima Mikhail Moiseevich kukulu iaʻu iho.

Ka hale ua loa unpretentious. He aloha maikai ai, akā, ka mea hiki ke māʻona wale buckwheat.

Ma ka 'epekema Keʻena

I ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, i ole i ia i ka papaʻaina. Ka mea, ua mai ma ka ulia. Mikhail Moiseevich manao i ka noho dampens a me ka mahana i ka manaʻo. He enthusiastically ma kahi o kanakolu makahiki hoʻomōhala ma luna o ke kūkuluʻana i ka Mū Kākela polokalamu "paionia". 'Ī maila ua lanakila i ka lanakila ma Canada ma ka like o nā haole.

Ke nä känaka 'epekema ia, a me ka pōʻino ma Chernobyl. He manaoio E e kukuluia i nukelea mana kanu wale kahi kanaka mai e noho i loko o ka Hōʻole akula North, no ka laʻana. Akā, i ka "luna" pane i kēia manaʻoi hāpai 'ia ma ka piha ole loa.

Hanaia'na o ka Soviet Mū Kākela kula

Mikhail Botvinnik i hana hou i ke ano o ka hoomakaukau ana no ka Competition, oia hoʻomohala i kaʻimi naʻauao, ao ke ano o ka Mū Kākela. Kona mua palapala manao, ka wā Black Radio e lawe i ka Initiative. New Look Kiure haku nana i ka helu ana o typical huahana. Mikhail Botvinnik hou ua kālailai i ka kumumanaʻo o ka hana o ka endgame.

Mikhail Moiseevich pâʻani 'o ia no ke ola o ka aoao, a ma ka 1202 komo i loko o 59 kahua kolepa o. Elua o kona mau haumāna i lilo i ke ao nei poe koa e ae - Anatoly Karpov a me Garry Kasparov.

Details e pili ana i ka meʻe o keia 'atikala hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka buke, i mea i kākauʻia e Linder - "Mikhail Botvinnik: ke ola, a me ka holoholona hihiu», ka mea heluhelu, i ka mea wehe, E ao hoi oukou i wale e pili ana i kona ola pilikino a me ka nii, akā, e e hiki ke nānā, a critiques o Mū Kākela nā pāʻani.