Mōʻaukala o ka paionia hui: makahiki o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana, kaila, mele, Ka hoʻolilo' ia. Vladimir Lenin All-Union paionia Organization

I kēia lā, nui a nui ka uku hoopanee hoʻomaka e i ka mōʻaukala o ka USSR. Kekahi e ho'āʻo nei e huli io kumu, kekahi maikaʻi i loko o laila. Ma kēia 'atikala e kamaʻilio pū mākou e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ka paionia hui, i keia la ke kumu hahana loa hoopaapaa. No ka wā ma laila nā nīnau, nā mea e hana ai me na keiki a me ke kumu o ka he hanauna i ulu ai irresponsible. Ke loa ia i ka hui i Ua kōkua maikaʻi paha nā palapala, i ka olelo, e hele aku, i kēia mau mea, ua ulu i, e hana no lakou iho.

Nā kêia kanaka o ka paionia neʻe

Surprisingly, na aa o keia seemingly hoʻokahi wale nō Communist neʻeʻana e hele aku hoʻi i ka pūʻali. Mau kanaka ike ia i ka 1917 i ka hailona o nā keiki a ka scout 'ē aʻe i hana i loko o Rusia. I mau, ka hui, ua puni 50.000 i komo. Ma ka Ewa o ke Kanawai Kaua scouts i keʻano o ka nohona kokua, he na organizers o nā keiki ka militias, a hoʻonohonoho i ke huli no alanui keiki.

I ka wa i hele mai i ka mana i ka Soviet aupuni, hoomaka ae la ka Scout neʻe e disintegrate ma nāʻaoʻao ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'āpana wahi. No ka laʻana, ma Kazan a me Petrograd ikea mai 'ē aʻe "Forest hoahanau", a me Moscow ke kaiāulu kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka loina o Baden-Powell. Nō hoʻi i waho i ka "yukizm" 'ole. E. "Young Communists". Ka mea, ho'āʻo e hoohui i ka Communist ideology me na loina o ka pūʻali. Yukistov hoʻokumu o ka neʻeʻana i kekahi aoao functionary Vera Bonch-Bruevich. Akā, i ka 1919 ua hoʻoholo ihola e hoike mai a pau o Scout hui i loko o ka Ahaolelo o ka Komsomol.

kaumaha Krupskaya

Mai keia manawa hoʻomaka i ka moʻolelo o ka paionia hui ma ke ano i loko i ka mea i hoomanao. No laila, ma hope o ka pāpā o scout poʻe hao wale, hoomaka ae la e e ikeia hākilo loa i ka nele o nā papa hana hana ana me na keiki. Mua ua kālaiʻia i ka manaʻo o N. K. Krupskaya, e olelo ana ma November 1921 i ka hoike, i i kapaia "Ma ke keiki-scoutisme". Mahope o keia olelo i paʻiʻia ma ka liʻiliʻi Mākua, i olelo ia ia mea e pono like hikiwawe e loaa ana, e hana i kekahi keiki o ka hui, a makemake e "pūʻali i ka palapala a me ka Communist ma ka maʻiʻo."

First Komsomol alakaʻi, negatively ike pūʻali, reacted cautiously i ka manaʻo. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, e hui i ka poʻe kaua o ka hoʻolālā, na keiki, ma ka mea, mālama i ke kauoha, i ke kula mea nō ma lalo o ka tsars, i hiki ole akā, i mea e hopohopo nei. Eia naʻe, i nā mea a pau i ka wa a ke Komite Wae i hana ma hope o ka olelo ana Krupskaya hoʻololi. It I. Zhukov hooku iho la ia i kona mau hoike, a i hoʻokipa e na hoa o ka Buro. Koke hope ka mea, i hoomaka ai ana i kaʻaoʻaoʻaha hui o na mea.

I ka hoʻomaka o 1922, ka luna i kekahi noi no inclusion i loko o ka scout ka hoʻonohonohoʻia o nā keiki, e makemake ana ia ma mua o nā lālā o ka Komsomol, i? Aaei initially. I ka Ia manawa, I. Zhukov? Aaeaaaaony hea ka hou hoʻolālā, "paionia". Ke loa inoa ia i aie mai Seton-Thompson. Eia hou, nui i ka paionia hui i ka pūʻali. No ka laʻana, ka mea hihiu ke ano o ke aʻo, hui o nā kauoha, hooponopono ana o na keiki me ke kōkua o nā kākā'ōlelo, na kumu o ka symbolism, uku campfire. O ka mākia o ka "E hoomakaukau!" Aole i ka mua.

Ka mua pūʻulu

Pepeluali 2, 1922 na kekahi mua i loko o ka ulu ana o ka moolelo o ka paionia hui i i. Ia ia lā, i loko o ka 'āina'-oaio? Ua hoounaia mai kekahi palapala mai ka Komite Central o ka Buro ma ka paa ana o ke keiki a ka pūʻulu ma ka Komsomol halepaahao. Ma Pepeluali 4, ka mea i hana i ka kūikawā oihana, i nā Valery Zorin, mua Scoutmaster. Ua i ka mea nana i hoʻonohonoho i ka February 12 mua na keiki i ka pae i loko o kekahi o nā kula hanai Zamoskvorechye. Ka poe i kapaia "Young Scouts", akā,ʻaʻoleʻo ia i mau loa ana. A koke Zorin i i ka hoʻolālā o na keiki i ka mea kanu "laholio".

Ma ia laua me Zorin I ka hoʻomaka 'ana ka hana i loko o ka e like me mamua Mikhail Stremyakov, kekahi Scoutmaster. He hoʻonohonoho i kekahi pūʻulu o ke kula hola aʻo ma ka mua mīkini Mashistova. I hookuu ia mea i nā keiki i ka pae i kapaʻia ka mua paionia poe. ¶ A i loko o April, ua hoomaka ia i waho mai, "Drum", ka mua paionia Magazine, a laila, "paionia oiaio".

March 2, ua hanaia ke Office o nā keiki o nā pūʻulu, a me ka hana ana o ka hana ana i ka kanawai. , Noonoo iho la, a aponoia, oia ua ma ka II All-Russianʻaha kūkā o ka Komsomol 19 May. Day o ka paionia hui - i ka mea ma hope ma mua o kēia lā, e e hai mai. Ke kūkāʻAʻole wale like ma luna o kaʻo Samuel, akā, i hoʻoholo, e hoʻomaka ubiquitous paionia a papa hana. Ma hope o ia mea, i kukulu i kekahi hana Buro, e hana me na keiki, a komo pū ehiku kanaka. Me lakou pu o Ivan Zhukov a me Krupskaya, me he kilo, mai ka aoao, a me Lunacharsky me kekahi kilo, mai ke Aupuni.

Hoʻomano e halii mai a me ka maikai o ka inoa

Mai ia manawa hoomaka ana e lilo pioneering hui ma ka aina. I ka Ia manawa ia kŰlń ao a me ka hana pioneering hoʻi. Ua ua i ka 1922, i kākau i ka kikokikona o kekahi o ka loa kaulana paionia mele - "Soar bonfires Blue Malam". Ma Petrograd, o ka mua na keiki ka paeʻikeʻia wale nō ma luna o Dekemaba 3. Ua lilo Komsomolets hoʻokuhikuhi Sergei Margot. Ka mua eha paionia poe i hanaia, mai ka Lūkini pūʻulu o'ōpiopio scouts.

I October, ma ka pili Ahaolelo Lahui o ka Komsomol i manao e merge a pau i ka paionia poe i loko o ka hookahi hui, a i i hookoia ai ka inoa o "Young paionia 'o Spartacus." Ma ka lā o Lenin ka make, i ka hui i haawiia mai i ka inoa o ka alihi kaua. he kūikawā olelo hooholo i hoopukaia ma ka 1926, a hōʻike mai i ka hou inoa keiki ka 'ē aʻe e i ola a hiki i ka lā hope o kona ola. Ua hoailona iho e like "All-Union paionia Organization ia. V. I. Lenina ".

Paionia 'i wwii

Makahiki o Education paionia hui i ka makahiki o ka hoʻomaka o ke au hou i loko o ke ola o na mea he nui na keiki. Ma hope o 1922 ka mea, ua i ia he paionia me ka maikai o Iabeza me he he Komsomol lālā. A komo i loko o ka Komsomol,ʻaʻole iho o ka lilo i ka paionia, a ma hope, ua lilo i kokoke ole.

Ke kiʻekiʻe, ka mea pioneering hui ua lilo inseparable, mai ka nohona ola o ka aina. 'Aʻole surprisingly, i ka mea weliweli pōʻino i hiki mai i ka holoʻokoʻa Soviet Union, ka mea, aole ia e noho ma luna o ka sidelines.

Mai ke kūkala o ke kakahiaka nui paionia 'o ke kaua a puni ho'āʻo e mālama i me na nā mākua, a kōkua i ke kaua i kaʻenemi,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka hope, akā, no hoi ma ke alo. He nui na keiki hui i ka lola honua a me ka partisans. Paionia 'i moku ka kāne ma luna o nā luna hoʻolale moku, scouts, kokua e hūnā mai ka enemi i na koa, eha, i lawe mai ai i na guerrillas, pee i loko o ka ulu lāʻau. Children i kākaʻikahi ia seriously, no laila, he mea oluolu loa e kiʻi ma ka barrage poe paha, e loaʻa mai malu 'ikepili.

Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole mau i pau ai i ka hakakā nuʻukia me na keiki maluhia. No laila,ʻo ia i posthumously i hookoia ka inoa Hero o ka Soviet Union eha keiki - Zina Portnov, Lenya Golikov, Valya sila a me Marat Kasei.

Ma hope o ke kaua, i komo na inoa o na keiki i make a pau i loko o ka kūhelu papa inoa o ka poe i loaa i ka inoa o ka paionia meʻe.

Ke kia-kaua ke kahua

I ka moolelo o ka paionia hui i loko o ka postwar au i ka hana, e like me ka mōʻaukala o ka pau aina. Ka mea, ua pono, e hoihoi i ka lukuia, a me ka ua nui, a hiki pēpē mālama. Hoʻokiwikā keiki ohi hamoʻia metala a me ka wao pepa, i hana ia ma ke kanu ana o greenery. Ma kua'āina paionia poe waiho oi pilikia hana - ka mea, lilo iho la Style liʻiliʻi, e like me na manu a me nā 'Olu. I ka maikai loa o na keiki poe hana i hookoia me kauoha likeʻole. Keiki i komo 'ana i loko o ka wa e ohi ai, i hele aku e hana i ka mea kanu. I mau, na wahi a pau,ʻaʻole lawa ka lima, i ma luna o ka hana o paionia '. A nui helu o ola na kanaka i make i loko o ke kaua, pela no ka mea, he mea hiki ole ke hoole mai i kekahi kōkua. No na keiki, ike o ka pono, hana pū me nā mākua, e makemake ana i kekahi mea ka mea, e ole concede.

Ano ia mea e like me ka inhumane, akā, i ka manawa o ka paionia 'ia lakou iho e kōkua. 'Aʻohe mea, hoʻoikaika ihola i nā keiki i ka hana. He nui ia lakou iho i i ka paakiki hana.

wā e hiki mai makahiki

I ka 1953, paionia 'o ka Soviet Union kokoke ua Kapa hou i ke. Stalin ka make ma hope, he nui loa i kaumaha aku ai i ka hoʻokō i ka hui ka inoa. A ina ma mua o ka All-Union paionia Organization ua wale Lenin, akā manawa ua i ua noi, e hui aku iʻaneʻi nei i make alihi kaua. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka waiū o Stalin ka kanaka cult, i kēia pukana ua maopopo depleted, a me ka hoʻolālā i ole, ua Kapa hou i ke.

Mai 1955, ua he moolelo no e nā inoa o nā keiki koʻikoʻi i loko o ka kūikawā puke o ka hanohano. I ka 1958, ua akaaka malu i ka hōʻemi iki loli i loko o ka hui 'ole. E hoʻomaka ana i kēia makahiki, ekolu pae o? Acaeoey, kēlā keiki hookipa mai i ke kupaianaha pihi i hoʻolauna. E hiki i ka aʻe ke kahua, ke paionia i ka hana me i kekahi kanaka polokalamu. Ka holoʻokoʻa pioneering hana i ua noniakahi i loko o ka manao no ka i ai i mau makahiki, i ka pahuna ma ka papa kiʻekiʻe malama i loko o ka hana o ko lākou ehiku-makahiki papahana.

I ka 1962, i ke kiʻi o ka paionia pihi Ua hoʻololi - ia hou Lenin ka pili. Ua ua i ka hoailona i ke aupuni ke hoʻomaopopo iho i ka, alahula na makana o ka paionia hui. Ka hanana Ua kapaia ka Papa Hanohano o Lenin All-Union paionia Organization no e piʻi like i loko o ka hoʻonaʻauao Socialist o nā pōkiʻi. E huli he umi makahiki, i loko o ka makahiki 1972, na keiki o ka hui i hou-i hookoia ka ia kiʻekiʻe ia nā kumu kāki.

Ma keia manawa i ka paionia 'komo o ka oi ma mua o 23 miliona keiki ma ka Soviet Union.

Hoopau wale o ke ola

Nā loli mua i loko o ka paionia hui i undergone i ka manawa o ka kūkuluʻana a me ka hoʻomaka o ka lokomaikaʻi nā mea hoʻololi. I keia manawa I. N. Nikitin, Luna hoomalu o ka Central Union paionia Organization, i manaoia loli i ka pioneering 'ole i kona democratization. A me October 1, 1990 ma 10 Union paionia Jamboree, i i paʻa i loko o Artek, na keiki o ka hui i Kapa hou i ke KANAWAI-SDF (Union o paionia? Aia - o ka Hui o Children o? Aia). Ua kohoia lunahoomalu o ka hou kula E. E. Chepurnyh. Eia naʻe, e e loli, a ana aʻei Str-SDF i hiki ole. Ka mea i ka mea, ua no ia ma ke Komite Central o Komsomol. No laila, ua lawe mai i kumu hou.

Ma hope o ka pāpā o ka CPSU i kukalaia ai ma September 1991, ua mālamaʻia he halawai Ahaolelo Lahui o ka Young Communist o Oʻahu, kahi mea i haiia mai i ka mōʻaukala kūlana o ka Komsomol i paupauaho, i mea hoʻoheheʻe ka Komsomol hui, a oki e ola ana, a me ka All-Union paionia Organization. Mai kēia lā ma luna o Mei 19, i ka lā o ka paionia hui, ua hou noʻonoʻo i ka Holiday. Ke aupuni Ua hoano e pono kīvila kanaka loli mea i kūpono ma ka'opi o na mea he nui moku'āina kulanui.

Ma hope o ka'opi hope o ka USSR, i hopu i ka waiwai o ka paionia hui. A pau o ka Palace o paionia 'i loko o ka'āina i hoohuliia mai, a lilo i ka "hale o nā keiki a me nā pōkiʻi." Ka hapa nui o ka paionia? Neeo eaaa? Ua i loko o ka lima o kekahi ona, ka poe i huli ia i guesthouses a me nā hōkele. Wale i ka hapa uuku wale no o ia i haʻalele i ke kūlana o nā keiki a ka ola e hoʻomoana ai.

Aha i na paionia '?

Nā hana o ke paionia hui i mau pio ka polokalamu, e kōkua i ka Komsomol a me nā mākua. Akā, ka mea, i ole mau Ua maluhia hana. I ke kakahiaka nui 30-ies o na paionia 'hoʻoholo ihola e lawe mai i ke kaua a hiki i ka poʻeʻenemi o Soviet mana. Ua Ua hoʻonoho like me ka civic kela a me keia kanaka pono'ōlelo aʻo, a me na keiki. A hoohalike no a pau na paionia 'Ua koho Pavlik Morozov. E like me ka oihana mana, oia ia Paulo i ka luna ma luna o kona makua kāne iho, ka mea i kokua i ka kulaks, a laila, hele mai e ku e ia ia i ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo. Ma ia Pavlik a me kona makua kāne i pepehi.

A mahope iho o keia, pili manawa o ka paio ku e Anati-Soviet aponoia ka ideological a me ka propagandistic.

Naʻe, na paionia 'he ole wale ideological hoʻonaʻauao. ¶ A i loko o kā lākou mau hana ma kekahi mau manawa me:

• Hamoʻia metala a me ka neoneo pepa.
• Komo i loko o ke kūmole nenoaiu a me Lyrics.
• Komo i loko o Timur ana.
• Komo i loko o ka All-Union haʻuki Competition "ʻili Ball", "Golden Puck".
• Alakaʻi haʻuki a me ke koa, "Stozhatry".
• Team pāʻani a me ka mea poepoe "throwball" a me ka "Sniper".
• Ka mea, iloko o ka poʻe kaua o ka uʻi kōkua o ke kalepa luna, e like me wa opiopio kōkua manawaleʻai ke ahi brigades.
• Wa opiopio naturalists.
• I hoʻonohonoho 'ia ka "Green Patrol" (hoʻoili ma ka ulu lāʻau' ohana ka palekana), "Blue Patrol" (hana i loko o ka malu o ka wai kumu waiwai).
• Classes ma haʻuki ihe pahu a me nā koʻikoʻi a hanohano.
• Ka Uluwehi o hana ilio a me ka lio.

I ke kaʻina hana no ka komo

Nā paionia 'i na keiki mai ka 9 a hiki i 14 makahiki. Kauoha aku, ka mea i hiki mai ai ma luna o ka mohai manawa. ? Eaia ua lawe mai pākahi, koho ma kekahi mau ahaolelo paionia poe. He hui o ka hui ma ka laina e lawe i ka hoohiki paionia, laila, ua nākiʻi i ka ulaula Ka Hawai i, a ia ia paionia ikona. IeAUPIIe, IAa IO, i paʻa ai ka hana pili i loko o ka wahi o ka mōʻaukala a me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni iaiyoe i loko o ka wā o ka Communist aoao. No ka laʻana, he kiʻi o Lenin ma 22 April.

Hōʻuluʻulu olelo hoohiki a hoohiki paionia, i na na ka kikokikona i aoiaʻi oe i ka komo naau. Iloko o ke ola ana o ka hui pili i keia hoohiki ana i hoʻolauna wale kekahi mau manawa, a mau pahuhopu nei me ka Party. Iloko o ka hoohiki paionia kapa iho la ia koʻu inoa, a hoohiki e hui i ka poʻe kaua o ka paionia hui, "ma mua i kaʻu mau hoa," e aloha aku i ko lākou'āina, e noho ai e like me na kauoha o Lenin, a, e like me nā kānāwai o ka paionia hui.

ʻo Samuel

I ka Palapala o ke paionia hui, iʻikeʻia e like me ke kānāwai o ka paionia ', ua ae e hahai aku ia me ka nīnau. He ua i pololei ai lōʻihi, a he mea paakiki ole e hoʻopaʻanaʻau. E like me ke kanawai, ke paionia i ke:

• E hoolilo i ka communism, i ka mea a me ka motherland.
• E hoʻomākaukau i komo i ka Komsomol.
• Like me nä koa o ka hana a me ka paio.
• E hoʻomaikaʻiʻoe i ka haule koa, a e makaukau e lilo i hoopakele ae o ka motherland.
• I ka mea maikaʻi i loko o hana, haʻuki a me nā haʻawina.
• E kupaʻa a me ka hoʻopono hoa, ka mea mau loa ko oukou pale aku i ka oiaio.
• I ke kakaolelo, a hoa i loko o October.

mele

Ke mele o ka paionia hui i mālama ai e like me ka "March o ka Young paionia '." Kēia Soviet mele i kākau manaʻoi no ka paionia 'i ka 1922. hele ana kākau i haku mele Alexander Zharov a me pianist Sergei Kaidan-Deshkin. Kekahi laina o ke mele e kama'āina a hiki i ka poe i ike ole i hana aku ai i ka paionia '. No ka laʻana, "Soar bonfires, uliuli po. Mākou nō nā paionia '- na keiki o na hana "!

Ma May 1922, ma hope o ka'ōlelo Krupskaya ma ka halawai o ka Central Komite, i haawiia mai ai ka hana Zharov: hele mai me ka mele no elua pule, i hiki ke lilo i ke mele o ka mea hou na keiki o ka hui. Zharov imi iho la i ka'ōlelo aʻo o D. Furmanov, ka mea i aʻo aku ai iā ia e kūkulu i kekahi na haku mele 'ana. I ka Ia manawa i loko o ka "Luna Kino" i ke keaka mele "Faust". Ma ka hula Zharov lohe "March o na koa," a lilo i ka kumu o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni palapala.

symbolism

Like kekahi ideological hui ua, ua haawiia mai i kā lākou mau kailaʻae. Hōʻailona paionia o ka hui i kapaʻia ma luna, e kauoha aku ka mahalo, a me ka poe nana ia mea. Mau hookomoia:

• Paionia Ka Hawai i - hookomo i kekahi OAXA hapa o ka palapala i ke paionia o ka hae. Ekolu i koho hope nākiʻi i ka ikaika loulou 3 hanauna, 'ole. E. Ka Communists, laila, i nā lālā o ka Komsomol, a laila, i ka paionia'. E nakii i ke kumuhana o ka kūikawā pa alima. Na elele o ka paukū ma kaʻulaʻula Ka Hawai i ua yellow stigma. Ma mua o ke kaua pinepine welau Ka Hawai i hoʻopaʻa he kupaianaha Clip. He Ua i loko o ka palapala o ke ahi, elima pauku i Kû ka âinapuni 'elima, a me ekolu lapalapa' ōlelo - Ekolu International. Kūʻai 'ia i ka nalowaleʻana o ka manawa, mua, i ka noho male' ana o ka Comintern, a me ka lua, i ka mea i kekahi o na poo o ka Central Komite kikokiko ia similarity me Nazi hōʻailona.
• Ikona - ka mea, ua hoi nui hōʻailona o ka pioneering ka hoʻonohonohoʻia i loko o ke kula. Ua ho'ākāka ke shape a me ke ano o ka ikona i loko o ka hoakaka ana i na mea ma luna o nā keiki o ka papa hana. Ma ka mōʻaukala o ke kula, kekahi mau manawa ka mea, hoʻololi.
• Paionia hae - ua heʻulaʻula me ke kiʻi o ka paionia pihi a me ka mākia. Hae i ole wale paionia poe, akā, i ke kula papa.
• Company luna? Aiina - personified i ka hanohano a me ke kuʻikahi, a me nā keiki, lawelawe 'ana i ka hōʻike i ka affiliation i kekahi paionia kime. Me keia hae keiki e komo i ka parade, lineup, uku, Kauai, Hikes a hiki hana ana. Nes lole ia? Aiina i hahai kākā'ōlelo mamua drummer a me ka bugler.
• Horn - me keia he mea hiki ole ke kaila i ka pioneering ola. Keia mea ua hoʻohana 'ia e hoolako i keʻano o nā lepa. Position bugler ua nui loa ka maikai o Iabeza, ka mea ia i nā kā mea nui a me ka ai. He hele koke ma hope o ka hae.
• Ka pahu - i ka lua o ka loa nui paionia 'o ka wahine mea kani. Ua pono i nā hōʻike, a me nā marches parades. Drummer mele pana a me ka hele ana, a kokua i ka lawe mai i ka papa kuhikuhiEʻepekema 'ana i kūpono.

Awards paionia o ka hui

Paionia 'ke hoʻomākauaka no ka mea, penei ka hanohano:

• "Miliona'āina" - ua i hookoia no ka holomua ma ka ohi o ka hamoʻia metala.
• "Young pathfinder" - puka mai ai i ka poe hiki ke ho okele i ka'āina.
• Eia hou kekahi, ua nui okoa ia nā kumu kāki mau mekala pihi no ka lanakila ma kela nii? Hanana.

Paionia 'o ka Soviet Union pinepine loaa pono ole nā mea hoʻonani, a hoʻolilo' ia 'ana i nā mea a pau o ka Soviet kanaka, no ka laʻana, Papa Hanohano o ka Red Banner. Eia naʻe, ma ka manawa o ke kaua nui o kēia mau mekala i kumu kāki posthumously i keiki.