Mokuluu'auwaʻa o Rusia: History

Hanaia'na o ka mea mua papa anuʻu loa kai ipu i loko o ka Russian aupuni a hiki e wahi hoʻi i ka 1921. A laila, ma ka manao paa keia o Peter I Lūkini kamana Efimom Nikonovym ka mea i kūkuluʻia ai ka mokuluu mua, i ike i ka mōʻaukala o Rusia. Papa anuʻu loa kai 'auwaʻa o Rusia, ka hanaia'na o ka i i? Oaony no ka mea e hiki mai ana kenekulia, hana ka hapanui ma ka pepa, akā, ua hewa. No laila, 50 mokuluu, papahana ma ka Polish-Russian lunaʻenehana i hookuu, mai 1879 a hiki i 1881 ma Rusia S. K. Dzhevetskim, ka mea, nae, hana wale nō, mai ka muscular ikaika. I ka moolelo o ka Lūkini mokuluu'auwaʻa i kekahi hapa o ka Moana o ke aupuni e hoʻomaka ana mai ka 1906. Ua i laila, i ka Emperor Rotehama II kakauinoa ke kānāwai ma luna o kona kukuluia'na. I ia manawa, ai ka Russian aupuni a pau, he 10 mokuluu.

E pili ana i ka mokuluu'auwaʻa

Ma ka huli ana o XIX-XX kenekulia. i loko o ke alakaʻi o ka Russian aupuni a hoomaka ae la e pono ike i ka pono, e hana i kona mau koa mokuluu. Kēia i ke kumu ma ka pono no ka holomua 'ana o ka ia i ka shipbuilding hana ma' Eulopa, a ma ka United States. Part shipbuilding alakai i manaoio aku i ka Lūkini mokuluu'auwaʻa E e hana i ka uku o ka haole? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Part o ka manao i ka Russian aupuni a pau e i kona iho enehana a me ka hana i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o mokuluu.

Ke kuleana ololi i loko o ka shipbuilding ana, ua i ka holo pono o ka hana no ke kokuaia mai e US hakakā mokuluu ma Rusia. Ma hope o ia i ia wahi lulu? Iecaianoaaiiuo o Lūkini mokuluu'auwaʻa i ka olelo hooholo.

Ka mua hakakā mokuluu moku ua manaʻia e ke kakolina engine, ka mea i ee aku i ka 1904. Kēia moku i ka luku "Dolphin", iʻikeʻia e like me ka luku helu 133. "Dolphin" i ka lanakila ma luna o lākou haole counterparts. He ua he na tona o 113/135 m, hoʻomohala i ka mämä holo o 9 knots ma luna o kaʻili, a me 4.5 iniha, kapuaʻi, i loko o ka wai. A hiki akuʻoe i lalo i ka wai o ka waapa kolo ana ma ka lilo ana o ka uila Hawaii, a hiki e kaua huahelu o ka mai i ka 28 mile.

Naʻe, ka mea, i mai 1906, a me ka hōʻailona o ka Auguseto kūikawā paa ma ka paa ana o ka kūikawā papa o ka moku - mokuluu, a hoʻoholo i ka helu i ko lakou mōʻaukala. Shipbuilding hana o ka aina ua nui ulu hoʻomaka koke i loko o nā makahiki e hele mai ana. Kela manawa, ma ka 1917, i ka Lūkini Moku ka mokuluu'auwaʻa oia o 73 subsea moku.

Ka hooulu ana o ka mokuluu'auwaʻa i loko o ka USSR

MakahikiʻOiʻenehana a me ke Kanawai War Hoʻokē akula a pau o ko ka aina i ka shipbuilding hana uaʻaneʻane stagnate no ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. Wale i ka 1926, ka mea hoohana i kekahi kumumanao pahuna ma mea, e hoola i ka koke ikaika Lūkini mokuluu'auwaʻa. Ia mea, mai keia manawa hoʻomaka i ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ke kahiko ana hoʻohālike, e like me e pili ana hou poʻe. No laila, mua o nā mea a pau ia i hoakaka ia no ka mokuluu-type "Decembrist" waapa. Eono o kēia mau waapa i hookuu ia i loko o ka hiki makahiki. Ka mea, auou caiaiai i ka elemakule "Bars" a me ka ua ma ia manawa ano, aole ia e hua hana o ka haole ana hoʻohālike. Penei, ka Soviet mokuluu hiki a hiki ka mämä holo i ka 14 knots, a i cruising huahelu, a me ka hapalua i ekolu tausani mile. Eia hou, ka mea, heʻeono torpedo paipu, a hiki lawa mai i 53 kanaka. Aʻole ka mea liʻiliʻi loa i loko o ololi o ka holomua 'ana o ka shipbuilding ma ka aina, a ua hoonohoia ma ka lāʻau kū o ka poo o ka manao Buro loea lunaʻenehana B. M. Malinina.

Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka Soviet Union Ua pio ka polokalamuʻeleu alu like' ana i loko o ke kula o ka shipbuilding me Germany. No laila, e iai? Oaiaaou mokuluu "Decembrists" mai Kelemania, haawi mai diesels. Eia kekahi, ua hoomakaukau Kelemānia poe akamai i ia kūkaʻi 'ana ma ke kaʻina hana o ka e pili ana i kekahi mokuluu-type S. lakou i ke kiʻekiʻe hakakā' ano, a me ka 'Imi hoʻolauna ma ka Soviet Moku. Ma waho aʻeo i ka pohupani hale nui - i ka 1073 tona - mokuluu o ka papa C e hiki aku i ka mämä holo o ka 19,5 knot, a e cruising huahelu i 8.200 mile. Ka mea, i i eono torpedo napoo ana no hoi.

Special e piʻi like ana o na wahi lulu shipbuilding i ia manawa i ka manao a me ka hana ana o ka mokuluuʻano K. It mai he kilakila arsenal, he umi torpedo paipu a me ka loa ikaika loa Radio wahi. Eia hou, i ka mokuluu K-type i akomi kākou e hooponopono'ōnaehana kaiapuni a me ka emersion. Ua hiki ke komo i ka mämä holo o ka mai i ka 21 knots, a me ka laulā o kona 'auʻau aʻo lua, a hiki i ka hoao ana o kekahi poe - i 14.040 mile.

ka postwar wā

Ka hooulu ana o ka shipbuilding hana i loko o ka postwar wā ua wehewehe aku ma ka Jump nui i loko o ka oaoieei-ipu o mokuluu, he nui hou ana i loko o kā lākou hana. Mokuluu kia-kaua? Iecaianoaaiiuo noho nui ka wikiwiki kaiapuni ka hohonu, a mahuahua nui, he nui helu o ka torpedo paipu. Eia hou, i ka mahuahua tona o mokuluu, a me ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ka hana nona iho hoʻokele.

Eia naʻe, he nui pilikia i ke kakolina diesel-uila lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe waapa. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, he mea akamai, e kūkulu i ka hookahi Hawaii no nā ka freeboard 'auʻau' ana a me ka papa anuʻu loa kai.

Aka hoi, ma keia manawa, hoomaka ae la makou e hoʻomōhala kaiāulu oceanic mokuluu. I mai la lakou, a me ke kai, he mau ano o na mokuluu moku. ua hiki no e hoakaka ia ma kekahi wahi o ka honua i ka moana, a, e hoʻomaka manao hana malaila Soviet mokuluu.

Naʻe, nō i nā mākau 'o ka pilikia a me ka hiki i kaʻoihana kaʻa i ka waapa ma kiʻekiʻe ka wikiwiki, e like me ka mea e pono ai no ka pinepine kahi i piʻi, e kauoha aku i ka na pu ki aloha a me ka pāʻana ea lako. I loko nō o kēia, ma hope o ke kaua, ke Soviet Union i kekahi kūikawā ia Morohiha maluna o ka mea 'ē aʻe mana, a me ka poe o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, i ka pono a me ka nui o ka ua loaʻa papa anuʻu loa kai moku. Pela, ke superiority ua, ua loaʻa i loko o ka nui 'ano me ka wikiwiki, puka hohonu, professionalism a me ka moa ahonui.

Mai ka lua o ka hapalua o na 50s. ke aupuni hoʻomaka i ka hou ke kahua i loko o ka ulu ana o ka mokuluu shipbuilding. Ano, o ka pahuhopu nui o ka shipbuilding hana o ka mea i hanaia a me ka hoʻomohala o ka moana-hele nukelea Kao lele lako kaua mokuluu. Mau moku a pau, mai anywhere i loko o ke ao nei i ka moana, ke kumu nukelea Kao lele lako kaua hoouka ma ka strategically nuiʻenemi kulana. Ka mea, i kekahi i hoʻolako pono me ka mea o ka hoomalu ana torpedo.

Kekahiʻano o ka mokuluu mea he multipurpose ipu i i ua hana i ka mea e hana i kekahi reconnaissance a me ka patrol hana, e like me ka hana me ka nukelea mokuluu, e lawe mai i ka make ana o kaʻenemi moku a me nā ipu amo.

Creation o nukelea-mana mokuluu

Creation o ka nukelea mokuluu i ka 1958 wehe i ka hou milestone i loko o ka ulu ana o ka mokuluu shipbuilding. Aie i ka mea nukelea Shipbuilding pilikia no ka hikiʻole o ka papa anuʻu loa kai moku ma lalo o ka wai o ka hailonaʻana o ka manawa, ua radically Wehewehe i nā hāʻina. Eia hou, i ka ulu ana o ka nukelea mokuluu i 'ae' ia me ka nui loa hoʻonui i ka mämä holo o ko lākou mau holo nei me ka luna o ka wai, a ma lalo o ka wai.

Waiho hou i ke Hawaii poe o ka waapa ua noho ke ano no ka lōʻihi manawa. Mokuluu ua hikiʻole naʻe e lawe mai i na papa anuʻu loa kai luʻu kai 'ana i kona haʻahaʻa mana uila Hawaii, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i ka mea, e mau hou. Ke kola kiko'ī a pau i ka loa mana i loko o kā lākou hana. A'ē aʻe, Ua kena ae la no hoi i ka pono no ka pinepine kahi i piʻi i kekahi mau pono e hoopiha i ea lako.

First nukelea mokuluu moku i hana ia e ka Soviet Union i ka 1958, ua ka K3 "Leninsky Komsomol". Bookmark moku ia i loko o 1955. Ua loaʻa iā ia he nui loa o ka mā. He nui no na eiiiiiaiou o kona manao i ua i ka oi aku no ia. Penei, o ka hae i ole, ua hoʻohana no ka mokuluu hauna, akā, ka mea i papahana no laila ia e hoʻonui loa kona navigable hiʻona no ka mea. Ma nānaina o keia, e like me, o ka papa, i ka nukelea mīkini'ātoma, e hoao i ka moku i hiki i ka mämä holo o 28 knots. Eia hoʻi, i kēia hopena ua i kaʻoi hiki, e like me ka moku waiwai i hoʻohana ole i piha nona iho. Au hala ia, e like me ka ua, ua kaulana, a me mā, a me ka unreasoned hiʻona. No laila, i ka mokuluu iʻaʻohe heleuma, hoʻokoe kakolina diesel nā mīkini uila a me ka manawa, e hoomalu ia lakou iho. A keu aku,ʻo ia, ua kaupalena maneuvering.

Naʻe, ka mea e e hoʻomaopopo i ka pela hanaia no kona layouts ae e lńkou wā e hiki mai nā lālā o ka luina mua kona puke, a huli ia i loko o 'Oihana, no laila, ua nukelea-mana mokuluu ua hiki ma hope o ka mea i hanaia e koke hooko kona hana. Russian nukelea mokuluu'auwaʻa hoʻohana 'ia e mālama i ke ao nei ka alakaʻi o kulana i loko o ka USSR, a pale aku kona Kuokoa i loko o ka 90th.

Ka hooulu ana o ka hana i loko o ka 70-90-ies.

Ma ka hopena o 60 mau - i kakahiaka nui 70-ies. hoomaka mākou i kūkulu i ka lua-hanauna mokuluu. Ka mea, i wehewehe aku ma ka uku kiʻekiʻe o ka wikiwiki, hou ola hana. Papa anuʻu loa kai lua o ka hanauna moku i ua lako pono me ka electrochemical ea hoʻokomo ea'ōnaehana kahi o obsolete hoʻopōʻino Nine Inch. Ka mea, i i? Ienoai aa lolouila mea kaua i ka.

I ka manawa mai ka makahiki 1967 a hiki i 1992 i mea kanu ekolu i kūkuluʻia ai ka'āina o ka 48 nukelea mokuluu. Mai 1973 a hiki i 1982 ka Soviet Union i hua mai la 18 kakolina diesel-uila mokuluu, ua kani-o ke kemu laholio kapa komo iā ia hale. Kēia HOU Ua nui māhuahua kā lākou reticence. Eia hou kekahi, no ka nui ka hoʻokōʻana ma luna o lākou i ke kālā no ma na ana hoʻohālike o ia manawa, kakolina diesel kiko'ī i hoʻouka kekahi.

Mai ke kakahiaka nui 80-ies o ka hope ke kenekulia, hoomaka iho la makou e manao, a hoʻomohala i ka hanauna ekolu, o ka papa anuʻu loa kai moku. Kiʻiona a me kā lākou mau papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona i oi Ka Uluwehi O Ke weaponry, a me ka nui loa māhuahua i ka na tona o ka moku. Eia hou kekahi, Ua lawe mai hana, a me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka stealth mokuluu, a me ka hoʻoikaika i ko lākou ka loaʻaʻana o kaʻenemi. I ka mämä holo o ka moku hiki e mai i ka 35 knots. Hou ka noho, a me ka luina. No hoi i hoʻolako pono mokuluu me ka hoʻopakele keena, i ae ma ka hihia o ka pilikia, e hana i ka huina ke piʻoloke o ka luina o ka waapa, aia i loko o ka papa anuʻu loa kai moku'āina.

He waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo mokuluu Project 941 "Akula", i mea ka mokuluu na moku nui i loko o ke ao nei. ? Iecaianoaaiiuo hoomaka i ka 1981, a ma ke kakahiaka nui '90s ua 6 apana lākou helu. Ke kumu o ko lākou mau mea kaua, he ka 20 nui o kona paa-wahie Kao lele lako kaua ano. Eia hou, i hoʻolako pono mau mokuluu me ka ikaika nunui-ʻilikai hale noho.

ha-hanauna mokuluu, hoʻomohala mai ka weuweu 70-ies., ma ka 90th. ʻAʻole pono hoʻomohala no a hiki i ka'opi o ka USSR, a me nā kālā ulia o ka 1998. hao wale i hana ai, nae kā lākou 'ole he nui pono, a ua maopopo i loko o ka hohonu o ke kaiapuni (i ka 400 mika) a me ka haahaa halulu hana.

Hoikehonua, Lūkini mokuluu'auwaʻa

Russian mokuluu'auwaʻa i keia manawa he 76 mokuluu o nāʻano a me nā mea i manao ai. Ma ka wahi o ko lākou mau palapala noi me kekahi hapa o ka make ana o ka papa anuʻu loa kai pale kaua a me na moku, a luku honua strategically nui helu o kaʻenemi. Kēia nā kakolina diesel mokuluu, a me nukelea multipurpose mokuluu, a me ballistic Kao lele lako kaua mokuluu, a me ka mokuluu keia.

Ke kumu mai a he lâlâ o ka Lūkini mokuluu'auwaʻa, e waapa i i kūkulu i ka Soviet'āina. Naʻe, ka mea e e kaulana ia ma hope o ka pilikia manawa i loko o ke aupuni a hiki i ka hoomaka ana o na 2000s hoʻomaka e hoola Lūkini nukelea mokuluu'auwaʻa.

Kao lele lako kaua cruisers o KUMUMANAʻO NUI manao

A nui hapa o ka oihana koa mana, i ho i ka Lūkini mokuluu'auwaʻa, i nukelea mokuluu 667BDRM pāhana "Dolphin". I hana me ke aupuni a ianoiyuaa a he eono mau moku. A pau o ia no a hiki i ka Northern'auwaʻa kaua. I koʻikoʻi hoʻoweliweli 'ana i ka enemi moku i 667BDR pāhana "Kalmar". Eia naʻe, e ka Lūkini arsenal, eia wale ekolu mau mokuluu, ka mea hou o i i hookuu i ka wai i loko o 1982. Mau mokuluu i ua kauohaʻia i loko o ka Pacific lakikū.

Russian mokuluu'auwaʻa i ka 2014 a me ka hoʻolaha i ke alo i loko o kona 'ole, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa hapa' ia 'aia i loko o ke koena, nukelea mokuluu o nā papahana 941 a me 941UM "Pali." No ka laʻana, i loko o ka Hawaii'auwaʻa i TC-208 cruiser "Dmitry Donskoy".

Multipurpose nukelea mokuluu

I ka haku mele 'ana o ka Lūkini mokuluu'auwaʻa i nā lahui hakakā-hiki ia oe nunui-manao nukelea mokuluu. "Pike-B" ao alohilohi i kā lākou mau 'elele e mokuluu o Project 971. Kā lākou hana mea e luku mokuluu, ili moku a me ka lepo pale. Ke armament ninoieo o ko lākou mau torpedoes a me ka moku peʻa Kao lele lako kaua. He mau mokuluu ma ka Northern'auwaʻa (6 na apana) a me ka Pacific (5'āpana).

Nui ka mana multipurpose nukelea mokuluu o ka Russian Hui e i ka mokuluu papahana 949F "Antey". Ma ka manawa ka mea, e haawi ma waena o ka Northern a me ka Pākīpika'auwaʻa. Lākou helu ihoiho 8 apana.

E nānā i kēia mau waapa oiaio tragically poho i ka makahiki 2000 mokuluu K-141 "Kursk". Ka mea, ua ka nui pōʻino o ka mokuluu'auwaʻa, i ike i ka mea Hou Loa Lūkini mōʻaukala. Lūkini mokuluu'auwaʻa, mea pōmaikaʻi, ma ka waiwai i laweia ai ke kahua o ka nui oi waiwai nui moku'āina ma mua i loko o ka kakahiaka 2000s. Kēia e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka wahaheʻe a me ka pōʻino nui o ka hala,ʻaʻole e e hai.

Northern'auwaʻa, i waena o nā mea a pau, i na mokuluu Project 945 "Barracuda" a me 945F "Condor", complementing i ka oihana koa mana, i mea ka Lūkini Moku. 2014 i ike ai i ka holo aku o kēia K-560 "Severodvinsk". Keia waapa pāhana 885 "Yasen" lilo i ka polokalamu e piʻi like o ka wahi lulu shipbuilding. E like me ka manao o ke aupuni o ka alakaʻi i ka 2020 mau moku? Oaony e paka 8 apana.

Ole-nukelea mokuluu

Ka mea nui ma ka helu o ka manao o ke kakolina diesel-uila mokuluu o Project 877 mokuluu i "Halibut". Ka mea, eia ka hana me ka Northern, Pacific, a Black Sea'auwaʻa. Aia i kekahi mauʻano likeʻole o kēia papahana. Nō hoʻi, ke Black Sea'auwaʻa mokuluu manao, e hoopiha i ka papahana 636,3 - B-261 "Novorossiysk" he 5 apana.

Mua, he nui manao no ka hoʻokomo 'ia' ana o ka hakakā'ōnaehana manao moku 677 "Lada". Eia naʻe, ho'āʻo ai i hōʻike nui i wāhiʻia i loko o mokuluu manao, no laila, i ka mea hoʻomalu i e e mea hou.

Other ano o mokuluu

Papa anuʻu loa kai US Moana a me Rusia, e like me ka makou i ike, o ka hui ana o na mokuluu loa mana i loko o ke ao nei. Eia naʻe, i loko o nā'āina, ua uku ana i ka manao a me ka hoʻokumu o ka kūikawā papa anuʻu loa kai lako a nui noonoo. Ke'ī mai, ka mea hou Lūkini mokuluu'auwaʻa i hoʻopakele submersibles Project 1855 "waiwai pio". Ua ua ike ia wale no ka North'auwaʻa kikowaena umi submersibles okoaʻaoʻao, a i malamaia lakou nei, me hoʻopakele lako a pan a me ka noiʻi.

Mawaena o ka loa pono-ike ana ia mea i ke'ōleloʻia waapa LIKE-12 "Losharik" hiki o hiki nui hohonu mai i kekahi mau kilomika. No laila, i kēia mea i loko o 2012 i hana noiʻi hana i loko o ka Arctic ma ka hohonu o ka 2 kilomika.

Ka manaʻolana 'ia o? Acaeoey o ka hana

I loko nō o ka emi ana o ke aupuni i loko o ka '90s, loa ikaika ka heluna o ka papa anuʻu loa kai shipbuilding, ua hiki ke olelo ia me ka hoʻomaka o ka 2000s. Ke kahua hoomaka ae la e hoʻololi 'ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o. Eia hou, aia no he popularization o ka mokuluu'auwaʻa, kaulana i ka Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou nā lā. No laila, i ka 2006, huli 100 makahiki makahiki Lūkini mokuluu'auwaʻa, ma hope a ma na kulanakauhale he nui e paa ana ia hang, a wehe i loko o Ufa submariners Kapaau. Eia hou, ke aupuni makahiki kēia Lūkini mokuluu ma 19 March. I ka moolelo o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa popularized a lilo lehulehu. Oihana,ʻo kekahi poʻe,ʻo he nui nā haumāna.

Naʻe, i ke kūpono 'ana o ka hana e like me ka okoa e kuhikuhi e ma muli ia o ka manao a me ka hana ana o ka hou ano o mokuluu. Penei, ma ka 2020 ka mea, ua? Oaony e hana mai ana i kekahi mau ōlaʻi i ka hou mokuluu. Ieaie? Oaony no ka manao i ka moʻolelo kēia o Project 677 "Lada" me ka hoʻohana 'ana i kēia mana mea kanu. Ka mea, e'ōlelo mai ia i ka nuiʻanuʻu i loko o ka ulu ana o ka ole-nukelea mokuluu shipbuilding.

Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka hoʻoilina o ka Soviet Union ma ke ano o ke kahiko mokuluu i nā palapala aku a UAIAaIN e kele manao. Ke'ī mai, ma ka Lūkini moku mokuluu iau pāhana i redesigned mokuluu B-396 CDB ME "Rubin". Ua ua hapa o ka Lūkini Hawaiian'auwaʻa kaua, a malama lakou ia a hiki i 2000.