Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich: Kawaihae, ohana,ʻike hoʻokumu

I kēia lā i ka inoa o Mstislav Rostropovich - i ka inoa o kekahi o ka mea nui loa kālaiʻike mele o ka XX kenekulia. He ua i wale kekahi hanana talena no ka hoʻokō i, akā,ʻo ua he kanaka o ka rula, kū'ē i ke kulekele o ke totalitarian'ōnaehana o ka USSR. I loko o ia Rostropovich i kipaku mai i ka aina. Ma ke komohana,ʻo ia i ka 'oihana o ka honua-papa, ma hope a hoi aku la oia i kona'āina, kahi communism Ua haule.

kamaliʻi

Wā e hiki mai alakaʻi mele a me ka cellist Mstislav Rostropovich Ua hānauʻia ma luna o March 27 , 1927 ma ka Baku. Kona mau mākua a me nā kūpuna, he mau mea hoʻokani pila, no laila, i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ke keiki i ho'ākāka 'a hiki mua aku la ia i hānauʻia ai. Ma 1932-1937 GG. Rostropovich aʻo ma ka Gnessin Kula ma Moscow. Ua i kekahi o kaʻoi wahine hoʻonaʻauao kulanui o ke aupuni.

Me ka hoouka kaua o ke kaua i loko o ke kapikala, hoomaka ae la he nui ke piʻoloke o civilians. Aʻu i loaʻa i loko o laila, a me ka 14-makahiki-kahiko Rostropovich. Kawaihae alakaʻi mele i pili i ke kulanakauhale o Chkalov (Orenburg). Ke piʻoloke make Mstislav ka makua kāne, a me ka teenager lilo ka de Na facto poo o ka ohana. I ka makahiki o ka puka, he umikumamalima hoomaka ae la e ao aku i ka kūloko mele kulaʻo ia, a pela i hanai i ka ohana.

Laila, aia nō i ka mea mua kuokoa hana, a i palapala Rostropovich. Kawaihae opiopio haku mele i koho ma ka hanaia'na o ka poem no cello, hoʻokani piano concerto a me ka Piano Preludes. Iloko o ke kaua, ke mele lilo i holoholo mākou i artist. He ua hana ia me ka Hawaiian Orchestra o ka mały Kino, ae hana i na hana e Tchaikovsky. Rostropovich kekahi i 'aha mele i loko o koa naehana, Ho' Oponopono, Apana oaio? Ia a me ka aina.

ho okumu

I ka 16 makahiki, a hiki i ka haawina mai ka mea hoolea i loko o ke kapikala mai ka Moscow Conservatory, kahi āna i hoomaka ai e aʻo i ke akamai o ka hookani i ka cello a me ka haku Hawaiʻi. Kona kumu huli Semen Kozolup. ka Loaʻaʻia e hūnā iā he Rostropovich He ike koke. Kawaihae mele hiki i hele okoa ina i oleʻikeʻia i loko o ka hooikaika ka, a koi Kozolupov mau lima.

Ke conservatory Rostropovich hui me Shostakovich, a hoike aku la ia ia i ka manual o kona iho hoʻokani piano concerto, a hana ia no ka mōakaaka. Dmitry mahalo i na hana o ka bipi haumāna, a kono aku la ia ia, e noho pū no pākahi i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i ke kūlana mākaukau maoli compositional.

Ma hope, nae, Rostropovich, a i ole ia mele i kona iho mele. Ke kumu o ua poe noonoo ole. A lohe ae la ka lunahaneri i ka walu o ka Symphony o Shostakovich a hua mai la i ka manaʻo nui ma ia mua, cellist nō e huki i ka polokalamu mākaʻikaʻi i kona wā e hiki mai haku mele, kona hoʻomaopopo ana ia makemake ole i ka haku kaʻilikai. Paha keia i ke kūlana uʻi a exaggeration, akā, kona hooholo Rostropovich loaa. Manawa ua hoao ia ia i ka poʻe uʻi a'ākau, no ka mea, ka mea a pau honua hoomanao ia ia me he kū hoʻokahi a me ka inimitable artist.

Kumu

I ka makahiki 1945,ʻo ia i hele ai i ka aʻe All-Union Competition no opiopio mele. I Ka hoʻolilo 'ia loaa Mstislav Rostropovich. Kawaihae cellist ia i ka ia nā kumu kāki mua, eia nae i kona ola iho la ua no he nui loa o ia mau mea. Keia pomaikai i ae i ka lua o ka-makahiki haumāna e hele pololei i ka lima. I ka makahiki 1950, ka mea opiopio mea hoolea lanakila i ka hoʻokūkū o Hanuš Wigan, e paa ana ia i loko o Palaka.

Ma ia manawa a pau puka 'o ia, ua mai ka Conservatory a me ka puka kula. Rostropovich Ua koke lilo i ka luku ana a me ka admirable kumu. 26 makahiki, ua hana ma ka Moscow Conservatory a me 7 makahiki - ma Leningrad. No ka ekolu makahiki, Mstislav Rostropovich aʻo i ka puu o ka honua-ka papa 'Oihana. Me lakou pu o Natalya Shahovskaya, Natalia Gutman, Iosif Feygelson Sergei Roldugin, David Geringas, Maris Villeruša Ivan Monighetti, a no laila, ma luna o .. nui o kēia mau haumāna ma hope iho lilo Kumu ma ka loa 'ihiʻihi mele ahahui' imi naʻauao a puni ka honua.

ʻike hoʻokumu Rostropovich

He aha ka mea i hoʻomanaʻo i ka nā hana keaka Mstislav Rostropovich? Ke mele pâʻani 'o ia me ka nui repertoire o na hana. Kona hana hiki ke maheleia i mau pūʻulu. Mua, ka mea, ua ka cellist Rostropovich (ensemblist a me ka soloist), a me ka lua - ka symphonic a me ka operatic alakaʻi mele. Kona tālena Ua ike universally - ma kahi o 60 o ka maikaʻi i ka haku mele o ko ke ao nei i palapala i na hana e oi loa aku hoi no ka Mstislava Leopoldovicha. He hana mua na hana no ka cello oi ma mua o hoʻokahi haneri a me ka haawi aku i kekahi 70 Kuhina Nui Hawaiian Orchestra. E like me ke alakaʻi mele Rostropovich i kona Debut i ka 1957, ka wā ma lalo o kona alakaʻi ma ka Bolshoi Kino i kuai lilo mai "Eugene Onegin" ma Tchaikovsky. Ua ua he pihe uē ma holomua.

Ma ka Soviet wā o kona 'oihana, cellist Rostropovich ua holoholo mākou ma ka Soviet Union. He i hana me ke keʻena mele i loko o ka Ensemble me Davidom Oystrahom a me Svyatoslavom Rihterom. Wahine, artist lilo i keaka mele hoolea Galina Vishnevskaya. Rostropovich pinepine olelo me ia ma ka ia ke kahua, e hele pū ana me kana wahine. I ka 1951, i ke alakaʻi mele loaa ka Stalin lua i ka 1965 - Lenin, a ma ka 1966 ua lilo i ka People ka Artist o ka USSR.

hoomalu ana Solzhenitsyn

Mstislav Rostropovich, nona pilikino ola i ua pili i kekahiʻano o ka hoa, ua mai makaʻu, e hoomalu aku ia ia ma ke alo o ka totalitarian moku'āina, a ina ka mea, he e aa aku i kona wahi. I ka makahiki 1969, haku mele hālau a ma kona dacha a hoʻokuewa wale 'mea kākau Alexander Solzhenitsyn. Ma ka manawa, ua noho ia ma ka hala o ka Khrushchev thaw , a me ka Brezhnev aupuni hoʻomaka e hoomake iho i ka mea kākau o ka "One Day ma ka Ivana Denisovicha" a me ka Pelekane'ē hana o kahi e hoʻomoana ai.

Mele, ua uhi ole wale ma Solzhenitsyn, akā, i kakau iho ma ka hoomalu ana i kona hamama hua, a ua hoouna mai i ka papa kuhikuhiE Soviet Nupepa "Pravda". Ma hope o ia, ke cellist Rostropovich iʻalo me na hana nui loa ia. Nā luna i i ae aku ia ia i ka hana me ka nui Hawaiian Orchestra, a i ole 'ae' e kaapuni kana wale aku no. Ke kaomi hoomaka ae la e kāpae'ōlelo i ka cellist. I ka mea, lilo 'o ia i hookuke aku no ka Soviet moku'āina a me ka implacable enemi.

Life i loko o ka USA

I ka 1974, Mstislav Rostropovich a me kana wahine Galina Vishnevskaya, i kipaku mai i ka USSR. I ka makahiki 1978, ka mea i hooneleia o Soviet kupa. Ka a pau moolelo o ka nui mele Opal hoomaka me ka hamama palapala i ka "oiaio". A hiki ma hope o ka haule ana o ka communism, a me ka hoʻi i kemokalaka Rostropovich Rusia i loko o ka hālāwai ninaninau, i mai la oia i manaoio i ka lima kolohe 'ana ma ka pale o Solzhenitsyn ka ka mea pono, e hana i loko o koʻu ola ana, no laila, e like ana ia i hoolaulea i ke alakaʻi mele a me kona mau manao.

Ma hope o ka waiho ana i ka Soviet Union, i ka mele, a me kona ohana i noho ai ka hapanui i loko o ka United States. He ua i ka makua kāne o nā kaikamāhineʻelua. Olga, a Elena Rostropovich i hānau i loko o nā 50s a me na keiki i haalele ai ia i ko lākou'āina. Ma 1977-1994 GG. alakaʻi mele alakaʻi i ka Washington National Symphony Orchestra. Kela a me keia eha makahiki ke kime pâʻani ma ka inauguration o ka US Peresidena. Rostropovich i hana mau ia ma ke gala Concert hoʻolaʻa i ka Independence Day 4th o Iulai. Eia hou, oia ua holoholo mākou i nā mea a pau ma luna o ka honua. Ma ke kono ia ua hana me ka nui Hawaiian Orchestra ma Farani, Beritania Nui, Germany, Austria, Japan, a no laila, ma luna o. D.

honua hoku

Kona 60th lā hoʻomanaʻo Rostropovich halawai ma Washington. I ka 1987, ma ka mea o kēia lā i loko o ka US kapikala ua hana hoʻokipa i ka First World Ahaolelo Lahui o cellists. A laila, Ronald L i ke alakaʻi mele i ka lani kiekie loa moku'āina ia nā kumu kāki - ka mekala o ke ku okoa ana. Rostropovich kipaʻo Queen Elizabeth II.

Ke mele i ma ke ano maoli o ke kanaka a me ka extroverted hedonistic. Iloko o na makahiki o dizzying kaulana, a lulumi mai la kuai i ka weliweli nui o ka kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe hoa a me nā hoalauna. Ma kona lā hānau 'ohi' holoʻokoʻa honua bila waiwai. Rostropovich he hoa o Picasso, Chagall, Dali, Galich a me Brodsky. I ka 1994, ka wā o nā alakaʻi mele hai i ka hoopau ana o ke alu like 'ana me ka Washington National Symphony Orchestra, a noho'ōleloʻole i ka Kiure gala Concert. Palapala o ke aloha hoouna Rostropovich a pau 'Amelika luna, a me ka mea ana i halawai ma kana "oihana": Carter, L, Bush a me Clinton.

Mele a me ka Makaainana

Ma ke West, Rostropovich lilo kaulana ole wale me he hoopau mele, akā, no hoi me ke kinai i ka pono kīvila. He pinepine i 'aha mele ma ka pakahi aku la ia e makau ai wahi o ko ke ao nei. No ka laʻana, i ka 1989, ka pâʻani maestro kekahi Bach cello Ka Pakipika ma ka Pelelina Wall. I ka 1974, ua lanakilaʻo ia i ka ia nā kumu kāki, i hookoia ia iā ia ma ka ke Kuʻikahi o PONO KĪVILA.

Ia manawa, i ke kahua i loko o ke ao nei i loli. Ma ka Soviet Union hele mai i ka mana i ka hou alakai ma ke ala o nā mea hoʻololi. I ka makahiki 1990, Mikhail Gorbachev hōʻoki aku i ka hoʻoholo 'ana ma luna a Rostropovich a me Vishnevskaya nele o ke kupa Ka hoʻolilo' ia a me ka hanohano. Naʻe, i ka mele makemake e noho "kupa o ko ke ao nei." He i mai lawe hoʻi i kona Soviet kupa a me ka hope Rusia. I ka makahiki 1991, ka wā i ka hope gasp o ka Soviet'ōnaehana reactionaries o ke kahua i ka coup putsch, pela mai Paris Rostropovich lele i Moscow, a hui me ka poe nui, e paku ana i ka White House.

hoomau iho la lakou 'oihana

I ka nineties a me 'Aʻohe, ka mea hoolea hoʻomau e kaapuni kana. Rostropovich cello hoailona iho la i ka nui nā kūlanakauhale a puni ka honua. E like me ke alakaʻi mele,ʻo ia i hana ia me ka "Queen o lehu," i loko o San Francisco, a me ka "Tsar ka wahine mare," - ma Monte Carlo, me "Lady Macbeth" - ma Munich. Ke mele i hookahi manawa hou hoʻomaka 'ana, e hāʻawi aku' aha mele i loko o Rusia. I ka makahiki 1996, ua hana ma ka Bolshoi Kino me "Khovanshchina".

Rostropovich pinepine kākau no ka Radio 'aha mele. I ka 2003, ike koke iho la hope ia nā kumu kāki "Grammy". Kēia manawa,ʻo ia ua maikai o Iabeza imua -. No "ke ola i loko o ka mooolelo" a me ka "halawai 'oihana" Total Mstislav lilo i ka uwa maila o "Grammy" ia nā kumu kāki Elima oʻu hahau ana. Ma kona 'oihana, kiʻiʻoniʻoni kaulana virtuosity, loka, ka hoʻoulu a me ka nani loa ka maikai o ka laua maestro.

Dala a me ka Rostropovich Festival

E like me ke kumu o ke alakaʻi mele i loko o ka makahiki 2004 wehe i kekahi kula i loko o Valencia, kahi i ao mai ai maluna mea Hawaiʻi. ʻaha hui nā mākau cellist akaka no ka puka i loko o kona tireless haʻawina a me ka hana ana o ka hou Kuʻu. Mau hanana ae e wehe hou inoa o ka opiopio loea Artists i ke ao nei. I keia la, i ka hoomanao ana o ka nui mele Rostropovich Festival lawe i kela makahiki.

Alakaʻi mele lilo peresidena o kona mau dala. Kona dala i hele e kōkua i ka manawaleʻa iā haumāna. Mahalo iā ia, i loko o Rusia he mau haʻawina hou, a hāʻawi na mele keiki. I kēia lā Music dala hopena o makuakane ua poai puni ia e Olga Mstislavovna Rostropovich.

Help lapaau

E like me ka philanthropist, Rostropovich ua kaulana no hoi no kona papahana o kōkua i ka 'inikua kulanui o Rusia. Keia ha awina komo, a nāna e ma ka "lokomaikai aku Rostropovich-Vishnevskaya Foundation." I kēia ka mea, ua poai puni ia e ke kaikamahine o ka artist Elena Rostropovich.

I ka makahiki 2000, hoomaka ae la ka hui e hoʻokō i kekahi polokalamu e vaccinate keiki e ku e hepatitis B. I ia manawa, ka mea, ua ka mua ia Initiative mai ka Soviet'opi.

make

I ka 2006, i ka Media ikea mai 'ike e pili ana i ka mea hōʻemi o ola Mstislava Leopoldovicha. Ke mele iʻoki kino, e paa ana ia i loko o Geneva, Kuikilana. I Dekemaba, i hospitalized hope hoi i Moscow mai Voronezh ke alakaʻi mele.

Ma ka haukapila,ʻo ia malaila ekolu malama. waiho ana ma March Mahope, o ka maestro la 80-makahiki lā hoʻomanaʻo. Kona deservedly hoalohaloha i ka loa kaulana mele Shop nā hoapili, nā loea kālai'āina, lehulehu na kii a me ka mea kahiko hoa. Hekikai hana hoʻohiwahiwa i paʻa i loko o ka Moscow Kremlin. Soon Rostropovich kulana worsened hou. April 27, 2007, make aku la ia. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o nā kaʻao ma Moscow Rostropovich Music Festival e wahi i kela makahiki.

iaia

Rostropovich ua he lâlâ o ka Palani Halau o Arts, ka Academy o Sciences a me Arts, ka Academy Royal o Music maʻEnelani, etc. I ka oi ma mua o 50 kulanui mele lilo i Kumu, a ma kēia ōlaʻi o nā kūlanakauhale a puni ka honua - .. An honorary kupa. Farani i hookoia aku la ia ia i ka Legeona a hanohano, a me ka Japan Ka Hui o Art kaulana makakū alakaʻi mele o ka imperial uku. Pelekāne Aupuni i i ka honorary naita Rostropovich.

Ma ka US, ke mele loaa ke koho pelekikena kâlâ keʻokeʻo, ma Kuekene - o ka Papa "Polar Star". A pau i loko o kona ola moku'āina Ka hoʻolilo 'ia a pau mai ka 29'āina. Ma ka Ewa o ka 80th lā hoʻomanaʻo o Rostropovich loaa ka Lūkini ia nā kumu kāki "No ka Services i ka degere Fatherland» I.