Nā manu o ka nahele. Nā'Ike a me nā'Ai

Aia ma kahi o 8600 mau manu like'ole o ke ao nei, a he nui aku i ka 700 mau'ano i loa'a ma ka'āina o ko mākou'āina. I loko o nā ululaau, nā māla a me nā māla o ka Pākehā o ka'āina, aia 294 mau'ano. 'O nā'ano manu like'ole o nā manu o Rusia ka loa'a'ana o kahi ho'omaha ma nā ululā'au a me nā kūlana o ke kūlanakauhale.

Ma ko mākou'āina me kona'ano'ino, he nui nā manu e lele ana i nā'āina mahana no ka ho'oilo, a'o ka po'e i koe pinepine e'auwana mai ka'ākau a hiki i ke kauwela a me ke kūkulu hema. Ma nā hulu ma'amau a ma muli o ke anuanu a me ka'ai'ole, make pinepine nā manu i loko o ka nui.

'O ka nui o nā manu i mea'ai e ki'eki'e loa ma muli o ke ki'eki'e a me ke kūkino kino. 'O ka ma'amau o ka hānai o ka lā he 1/4 o ke kaumaha o ke kino. 'Ai'ai nā manu i kēlā me kēia lā,'o ka palaoa - ma ka li'ili'i'elua, a me nā pīkoi - e like paha me nā manawa he 5-6. I ka ulu'ana o ka moa,'oi aku ka pono o ka'ai. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei lākou, no ka hebedoma kahi i ho'onui ai i ka kaumaha o ke keiki hou.

'O nā manu o nā ululā'au'o Rūsia ka māhele nui loa o nā'ano. 'O nā manu he mau hoaaloha maoli a he mea ola o ka nahele mai nā'ewa'ino. 'O kekahi o kēia'ano i'a he manu wale wale nō ia (kao, nuthatch, kokoke i nā'ano sonbirds). Ma nā mea'ē a'e (nā'ōpū, nā hōkū, nā ku'iku'u) nā kikowaena e hana i ka hapa nui o ka'ai. 'O nā kī'aha a me nā omnivores pū'ia nā'ōpala, ka oatmeal, ka momona, ka momona, ka'opena, ka woodpecker a me nā manu'ōpiopio. Akā, hānai lāua i nā moa wale nō i nā'ōpala. A me ka ho'onui nui'ana o nā mea'ai'āhiu'āpala, nā manu a pau, nā hua'ai, e hānai iā lākou wale nō.

'A'ole'oko'a nā manu o ka nahele ma ke'ano o ka mea'ai wale nō, akā, i loko o ke'ano o ka nesting. Ma ka hena o ka punana ma kahi o 10 laha 'o insectivorous manu a me ka 10? Ueony e hanai ana oia i ka poe liilii, rodents. 'O ke koena o ka pūnana li'ili'i ma ka honua a ma ka nahele. 'O ka ulu mānoanoa no lākou,'o ia ka noho maika'i loa a me ka palekana palekana mai nā'enemi. 'O ia ke kumu ma nā ululā'au kahiko kahi i ulu'ole ai, he mau manu wale nō.

Ma nā kihi o ka nahele, ma nā mahinaʻai a me nā wahi ulu lāʻau ola finches a me cuckoos, nightingales e lākou mau lewa i loko o nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi o hihiu kamako iki a me ka elderberry a ululāʻau kahawai a me na muliwai, anal e like ulu lāʻau, buntings a me warblers koho lāʻau liʻiliʻi uuku paha mānoanoa mauʻu i loko o nā kula a me nā kālai lāʻauʻana ioauoa.

Kōkua nā manu o ka nahele i ka nahele e ulu. Mai nā hua i ho'opuehu'ia me ko lākou pepelu, ulu nā mea ulu hou. He nui manu (woodpeckers, jays, starlings, chickadees) hūnā laau anoano, acorns, ai hua pisetakia, i loko o ka limu a kahiko iʻa wale. Mai ia po'e i ho'opoina ai'ole'a'ole i koho'ia i kahi "kahi huna" e ulu ana nā kumu hou. Ua lūlū nā kumukū'ai, nā manamana a me nā'ūkini i nā hua o nā mea ulu lā'au, no laila e hiki ke loa'a i loko o ka nahele i nā wahi i mana'o'ole'ia.

He nui nā'enemi i nā manu o ka nahele. 'O ka nui o nā manu e make i ka manawa o nā hua pale a hānai'ana i nā moa, i ka hiki'ole i nā mākua ke ha'alele i ka pūnana a lilo i mea ma'alahi'ole. Ma muli o ka po'e'aihue, a me nā lima kanaka ho'i,'a'ole nui aku ma mua o ka hapa'umi o nā manu li'ili'i e noho ana ma nā ululaau e kokoke ana i nā kauhale e ola. Ma nā pāka a me nā māla, ua emi iho ka ha'aha'a.

'O nā'enemi ko'iko'i o nā manu ('o ia ho'i nā kūlanakauhale e noho kokoke mai ana) he mau pu'upu'u home. Ma kahi mamao aku o nā wahi noho, ua'imi'ia nā manu lele e nā'alopeke, nā momona, nā martens, nā caresses, nā kuhi. 'O ka nesting i nā manu honua, he mau pale a me nā pale. People i nui ka poino i na manu i deforestation a me kaʻawa pesticides. No laila, aia wale nō nā manu o ka nahele i ola i ke ola holo'oko'a. A lō'ihi loa: no nā'īlio hae - 11 makahiki, no nā hōkū'elima - 10, no nā'ōlū, nā wāwae a me nā hololio - ma kahi o 10, no ka'ānai'ana a me ka nalu - e pili ana i 9, no ke kalaunu - 7 makahiki. Nui nā manu i hiki ke ola lō'ihi - nā manu li'ili'i ma lalo o 18 mau makahiki,'o nā kahawai he 20, nā paona - 21 makahiki, nightingales - 25.

Ke hiki i ka lele'ana i nā manu mamao e hiki ai ke ho'onui i ka wikiwiki. Penei, manu liʻiliʻi lele i 30 - 50 km / h, starlings - mai ka 60 a hiki i 79 km / h, waders - 55 - 86. Predatory manu (manu lele) lele i ka mämä holo o ka 95 km / h, a me ka hoouka ma ka waiwai pio - e 360 km / h.