Nā mea akamai nui o ka honua. Ho'olālā kelepona

'O wai kēia mau mea akamai nui? Pehea e'ike'ia ai a ma o nā pae hea lākou i wae'ia ai? He mea pa'akikī ka nīnau, no ka mea, he nui ka po'e "nui". 'O ka ho'ohālikelike kūpono a pololei loa ka ho'ohālikelike'ana i nā mea pā'ani o kēia manawa, no ka mea,'a'ole hiki i nā mea ho'okani mo'olelo'o Paul Morphy, Emanuel Lasker a me nā mea'ē a'e ke ho'okū'ē me nā mākua hānai o kā mākou manawa,'o Carlsen, Nakamura, Karjakin, Anand, Kramnik.

No ke aha i'oi aku ka maika'i o nā mea ho'okalakiko o kēia manawa ma mua o ka mo'olelo

Hiki i nā po'e kele nei ke komo i nā kiko o nā puke a me nā'ike'ikepili, hiki ke ho'ololi i nā'ike i nā kūkākūkā a me ka ho'ohana'ana i nā algorithms. 'O nā makahiki o ke'enehana'ikepili ua ho'ololi maoli i ka ki'eki'e o ka pā'ani ma ke kānana. 'O ka kuhi o kēia manawa'oi aku ka'oihana o ka'oihana akamai i'oi aku ma mua o nā huina o nā kūpuna kupuna. Eia na'e, ua ho'okumu'ia nā kumuhana o nā makahiki i hala aku nei i ke kahua no kēia pā'ani. Aron Nimtsovich, Bobby Fischer, David Bronstein a he nui 'ē aʻe - kēia nā poʻe i loko o kā lākou manawa i na poe koa e ae, a, eia hoi, e na kākau o ka mea kaulana Mū Kākela puke. Ma mua o ka hala ma mua,'a'ole e loa'a!

'O nā alaka'i kuhi o ka honua ma nā manawa a pau

Ua kapa'ia kekahi mau mea ho'ona'auao i nā papa ku'iku'i he'umikūmālua i noho a i'ole e noho mau i nā mea ho'okūkū'ole o ke ao no nā makahiki he nui. A ikaika lanakila, a me ka hiʻona'āina Kīwala'ō i ka 'ē aʻe hoolaha o na kēia Mū Kākela âlapa pôhili me o nā manawa: Emanuel Lasker, Jose Capablanca, Aleksandr Alehin, Robert Fischer, Garry Kasparov, Vladimir Kramnik, Viswanathan Anand, Magnus Carlsen.

Nā mea akamai nui o ka honua - nā malihini

'O Magnus Carlsen he mea akamai'o Norway mai ka pono'ole. 'O ia ke po'okela honua (mai ka makahiki 2013 a hiki i kēia manawa),'o ke kanaka i hele mua i ka helu palena o 2872 mau helu. 'O ka hopena maika'i loa kēia o ka manawa a me nā kānaka, no laila, e hā'ule'o Magnus Carlsen i loko o ka papa inoa o nā mea hana akamai o ka honua. Ma kaʻikena champion hiki ole naau me pathological hiʻona upscale kūkulu tactical laina o ka chessboard.

'O Magnus ka mea akamai loa i nā mea akamai, he mea'oia'i'o! Mana'o nā kānaka loea a me nā mea hō'oia e hiki i ka Norewai ke lanakila i kekahi mea līlū ma'amau i kēia manawa.

'O Viswanathan Anand ka mea'oi ikaika loa ma India,'o ia ka mea i lilo i ka Luna Nui nui ma kona'āina. 'O Anand he mea ho'olālā akamai loa me ka mana'o no'ono'o. Ua lilo 'o Viswanathan i po'okela honua no ka FIDE (International Chess Federation) i ka makahiki 2000 a ua ho'omau i kona kūlana ki'eki'e a hiki i ka makahiki 2002. I loko o kona ho'okūkū ho'okūkī i'Ānia, ua nui ka mana'o nui i ke ku'i'ana, a ua lawe pio'ia'o'Asia.

'A'ole i kapa iki'ia'o Viswanathan Anand he "blitzkrieg", akā ua lilo'o ia i po'okela ma ka honua ma blitz i ka makahiki 2003, no laila e hō'oia ana i ke kūlana o ka mea akamai'oi aku. Eia kekahi - hou aku! 'O ka Indian Grandmaster ka mea lanakila loa o ka honua i ka manawa mai 2007 a 2013. I kēia manawa,'o ka mea hakakā nui o Anand'o Vladimir Kramnik, akā,'oi aku ka ikaika o ka India. No nā mea i hana'ia e Viswanathan, pono e'ike pono'ia'o ia ka mea akamai loa o ka honua.

Kasparov - Karpov - nā mea akamai'oihana o ka USSR

'O Garry Kasparov -'oia'i'o,'o ka mea'oi'oihana'oi loa o ka XX XX! He nui nā mea hō'oia'i'o o ke kālepa hiki ke hakakā me kēia, e'ōlelo ana e pili ana'o Garry Kasparov me Anatoly Karpov. Eia na'e, no ka'ike'ana i nā'ikepili a me nā'ike.

No ka mea e hiki ke no'ono'o 'ia ka Kasparov:

• Ua lilo'o ia i mea lanakila loa ma ka honua ma 22 makahiki.
• He keu 'o ia no ka ho'okûkû honua ma 15 mau makahiki.
• I ka makahiki mai 1984 a hiki i ka puka loa'ana i ka "ho'omaha loa" i ka makahiki 2005, ua loa'a iā ia ke kūlana ki'eki'e loa e like me ka palapala o ka International Chess Federation (FIDE).
• Ho'okumu i kahi mo'olelo no ka huina o nā lanakila lanakila ma hope o nā ho'okani - 15 mau ho'okūkū no 9 mau makahiki (1981-1999). Ua'ākepeke'ia ka papa ke'oke'o e Vasily Ivanchuk i Linares (1991), kahi i noho ai'o Kasparov ma hope o ke alaka'i ma ka hapalua.
• Ua lilo i po'okela'oi aku o ka makahiki i ho'opa'a manawa helu (11 Chess Oscars).

'O Anatoly Karpov kahi ali'i'oko'a'ē a'e o ka 20st century. I ka makahiki 1975, ua lanakila'o Anatoly Karpov i nā mea ho'olālā ho'okūkū. Ua'ae'o ia iā ia e komo i ke kūlana no ka po'okela o ka ho'okūkū honua e kū'ē iā Robert Fisher, akā na'e, hō'ole ka mea lanakila e pale aku i kona kuleana.

Wahi a nā'ōlelo ho'opono, ua ho'okumu'ia ka inoa o ka champion world in chess i Karpov. Ma ka ho'omaopopo'ana i ka hele'ana o ke po'o, me ka'ōlelo ma'amau, "kūle'a'ole", hele'o Anatoly Karpov i nā mea ho'opi'i - ua komo'o ia i loko o kēlā me kēia ao honua i ka ho'okūkū o nā'ano like'ole. Ua makemake'o Karpov e ho'okō i ka misionari - e hō'oia i nā mea a pau e pili ana kona po'o "po'okela honua". A'o kēia ka mea i hana'ia:

• Ka Po'okela Honua 1975-1985.
• He'eiwa mau manawa lanakila o ka Chess Oscar.
• He 'eono mau manawa lanakila o ka hanana' Olumepika.
• Ma muli o ka ho'ohui nui ma waena o Garry Kasparov a me Anatoly Karpov, Kasparov i'ōlelo pinepine e pili ana iā Karpov ma ke'ano o ka mea'oi loa. Ua hana 'o Chess i 144 mau pâ'ani pôhili ma waena o nâ pâ'ani, a ua ho'okumu' ia i loko o nâ ho'okûkû o ka honua, lanakila 'o Kasparov i 21 mau manawa, a me Karpov - 19. Ua ho'okani' ia nā pâ'ani'ē a'e a pau. 'O kēia mau mea'elua i mea ho'okani nui o ke ao nei,'o ka'oi o ka hakakā i nā manawa a pau loa i ka hoihoi nui i waena o nā po'e o ka pā'ani kahiko.

FIDE pā'ani

'O ka mana'o o nā mea ho'owalewale i nā mea e like me ka FIDE version, top-10:

1. 'O Carlsen Magnus, 1990, Norway, 2872 mau helu.
2. 'O Caruiano Fabiano, i hānau'ia i 1992, ka USA, he 2827 mau helu.
3. Wesley So, 1993, USA, he 2822 mau helu.
4. 'O Kramnik Vladimir, i hānau'ia i 1975, Rusia, he 2811 mau helu.
5. Vachie-Lagrave Maxim, 1990, France, 2796 helu.
6. Anand Viswanathan, 1969, India, he 2786 mau helu.
7. Aronian Levon, b. 1982, Armenia, 2785 mau helu.
8. 'O Nakamura Hikaru, i hānau'ia i ka makahiki 1987, USA, he 2785 mau helu.
9. 'O Sergey Karyakin, i hānau'ia i ka makahiki 1990, Rusia, he 2783 mau helu.
10. Anish Giri, 1994 p., Netherlands, 2769 puan.

'O nā makamae nui o Russia

'O Vladimir Kramnik kahi mea ho'okani pila e alaka'i i ka papa helu i nā helu 2800+. 'O Kramnik ka'oihana kūpono'oi loa ma waena o nā mea alaka'i ikaika loa. I ka makahiki 2000, lilo'o ia i po'okela honua, a ua lanakila'o Garry Kasparov iā ia iho. 'O Vladimir Kramnik ka mea'oi loa o ka hana akamai, nona ka mana i ho'ona'auao'ia me ka pono kamepiula a me ka palekana palekana.

'O Sergey Karyakin ka mea ho'okani pila wale wale nō i' a'ole i lilo i po'okela honua ma nā'oihana kime. 'O ia ka'ōpiopio hope loa ma ka honua, a ua hā'awi'ia kēia kūlana iā Sergei i nā makahiki he 12 me 7 mahina. Eia kekahi, i ka makahiki 2002,'o Sergey Karyakin'o ia ka luna o ke kula nui no ka hana a ka mea kū'ai nui Ruslan Ponomoriev (ka FIDE 2002-2004). 'A'ohe mea ma ka honua nei!

I ka makahiki 2016, lanakila'o ia i ka hakakā o ka mea hakakā a lilo i mea kū'ē iā Magnus Carlsen, akā,'a'ole hiki iā ia ke lanakila. 'O Sergei Karyakin ka mea i'oi aku ke ko'iko'i nui loa o ka mea lanakila i kēia manawa. I ka makahiki 2012 a 2016, lilo'o ia i po'okela honua ma blitz. 'O Karjakin ke po'okela maika'i loa, ke kauā a me ka blitzkrieg.

Mana'o nā po'e akamai e'oi aku ka hakakā ma waena o Magnus Karlsen lāua'o Sergei Karyakin ma kahi kūlana kaulana'o Kasparov - Karpov.