Nā pūnaewele mālama ola ola: pluses a me minuses. 'O nā pūnaewele mālamalama'ike pono

Mai ka puka'ana mai o nā kukui mālama ola ma ke kālepa, ua ho'omaka koke nā kukui e hana i nā kūlana. Loa'a kēia ma ka inoa o ka huahana -'o ka ho'ōla waiwai. Eia na'e, ua ho'opi'i'ia ka mea kū'ai e ka'enekema'enekema ma'amau i ka'ōlelo e hiki ai i nā kukui mālama ola ke weliweli. Pehea e koho ai i kahi "hale hale mālama", e kaupaona i nā mea waiwai a pau a hiki i kahi koho pololei ho'okahi?

Energy-e hoola i malamalama pu u kukui: pros a me ka hooluolu

'O ka mua, e kama'ilio kākou no ka pono o kēia mau huahana.

• 'O ka mālama'ana i ke ola no ka puka'ana o ke kukui ki'eki'e. 'O nā kukui kukui lālā ma hope o ka mālama'ana i ka ikehu ma kēia hō'ike, no ka'oi aku o 85% o ka ikehu lilo e lilo i ka ho'omehana'ana i komo i ka waea tungsten. Ma ka hale mālama hale, ua ho'ololi pono'ia ka elele i mālamalama.
• Ke ho'omau nei e kama'ilio e pili ana i nā mea a me nā kukui mālama ola e loa'a ai i ka pono'ole, pono'ole e ho'opoina kekahi i ka lō'ihi o kēia mau pūnaewele. 'O ka manawa'oi e hiki ke hana i kahi kukui kukui me ka pa'i'ole'ia he 6-15,000 mau hora. 'O ke'ano o kēia mau kukui'a'ole ia e komo i kahi filament, kahi e pau ai ka manawa. No laila,'o ka manawa e hiki ai i ka hale hale ke lawelawe, i kekahi manawa'oi aku ka manawa o ka hana o nā kukui uila.
• Mālama nā kukui mālama ola i ka mea ho'ohana e koho i ke ki'eki'e o ka luminescence.
• 'O nā pu'upa'a hō'olu'olu ola pono'oi a'e'a'ole e ho'onui i ka mana ki'eki'e loa. No laila, hiki ke ho'ohana'ia lākou i nā kukui'ōniuli i hana'ia i nā mea i hiki ke ho'opō'ino i ka wela. I ka manawa like, hiki i nā kukui uila ke ho'ohehe'e i ka mea kaupale, nā mea'ilika ma luna o ke ka'a a me nā kaula, a he mea weliweli ia.
• Ho'onui māhele'ia ka mālamalama i loko o ka lumi. I ke hana o nā kukui kukui ma'amau, e ho'opuka pololei'ia ke kukui mai ka tungsten filament i ho'okahi'ao'ao wale nō. Ho'opuka ke kukui mālama ola i ka mālamalama e like me ke'ano hiki ke mahalo i ka'oia'i'o o nā mea a pau e'ālohilohi ana. Nānā nā kānaka noi'i'o kēia hopena e ho'oha'aha'a i ka ki'eki'e o ka luhi i nā maka o ke kanaka.

Nā kukui mālama ola a me nā mea'ino'ole

No laila, e ho'omau ana e kama'ilio e pili ana i ka waiwai a me ka pōmaika'i o nā pu'upu'u olahu, e noho kākou ma nā hemahema.

• Manawa, i hiki mau no ka ikehu-e hoola i kukui, hilinaʻi nui ma ke ano i koho. I nā lumi i ho'omohala'ia ai ke kukui a pau i nā manawa a pau, pono'ole nā kukui mālama ola.
• He ki'eki'e ke kumukū'ai (mai 75 a 350 mau'āpana.).
• Ka lō'ihi o ka mahanahana. 'O ka ho'omālamalama koke'ana i ka lumi me ke kōkua o kēia kukui he hiki'ole, no ka mea, e mālie ana. Ma ka ma'amau, hana'ia kēia hana i'elua mau minuke.

• Hiki'ole ke wehe'ia ka hiki o ka wili'ana i ka huhū i nā maka.
• Ho'opiha nā kukui mālama ola i ka ultraviolet. He pō'ino kēlā kukui no nā kānaka a pau, no ka mea, he pō'ino ko lākou i ka'ili, akā, no ka po'e pa'akikī o ka'ili. Ua'a'a'ole'ia lākou e kokoke i kēlā mau kukui,'a'ole kokoke i 30 knm.'O kahi keu o ka radiation radiation ke alaka'i aku i nā ma'i ma'i. Ma muli o nā ha'awina i mālama'ia e nā kauka,'o ka mana kūpono maika'i loa no nā kānaka me ka ma'i'ele'ele he 21 watts a lalo.
• 'A'ole hiki ke ho'ohana'ia kēia mau kukui ma nā chandeliers, kahi e hā'awi'ia ai ke ka'ina o ka ikaika o ka mālamalama. Loa'a kēia no ka ho'olālā kūpono'ole: i ka pio'ana o ka volter i 10% o ka pahuhopu, ua ho'opau'ia nā puka kukui mālama ola no ka nele o ka mana.
• Ma muli o kāna hana mele,'a'ole pono nā kukui i ka ho'ohana'ana i kēlā me kēia lā. Eia na'e, ma ka haki'ana, ho'oku'u lākou i ka mercury a me nā phosphorus i ka lewa. 'O nā pa'ihana o kēia mau mea mai kahi pahu ho'okahi, e like me nā kepekema noi'i, hiki iā lākou ke pi'i aku ma mua o ka manawa he 20 manawa, hiki i nā wāhine male a me nā keiki i kēia manawa i loko o ka lumi, hiki ke loa'a nā pilikia pilikino. Inā wāwahi'ia ka pālakila'ikehuhu ike, pehea e hana ai,'a'ole'ike ma'alahi ka mea ho'ohana ma'alahi, no laila, aia kahi ho'onohonoho o kekahi mau rula i hā'awi'ia aku ma ka hope o ka mea.
• 'O ka ho'oku'u kūikawā kūpono. Ua kapu loa nā kukui uila e ho'oku'u'ia me nā mea'ino'ē a'e a pau.

Koho i kahi kukui mālama ola

I kēia lā, hā'awi ka'akike i ka nui o nā huahana e like me nā pāpū kukui mālama ola. Pehea e koho ai i kēia huahana, i kūpono ke kukui no ko mākou mau'ano a me ke kumukū'ai.

Ma mua, i ka manawa i koho ai mākou i ke kukui a me ke kukui,'o ka nui o nā mea a pau i noho'ia e nā nīnau: pehea ka maika'i o ka tungsten filament, ka plinth a me ka mana. Mai ka hopena, ua ho'omaka mākou i ka ho'oholo i ka nui o nā kilowatts ka meter e hō'ike ma hope o ka ho'ohana'ana i kekahi pākuhi. Ālai 'haahaa ana o ka mana hokii, nolaila, he kŘpa a uuku uku, e uku no kona hokii, - i kēia mau mea i ka pono no ka i nā mea kūʻai mai makemake ikehu-e hoola i malamalama pu u kukui, i ke kumu kūʻai mea kiʻekiʻe, akā, e ho'ōla uku aku. A'o ka'oihana ola o ka "ho'okele waiwai" nui.

I ka no'ono'o'ana o nā kukui mālama ola i ka maika'i a maika'i, ua kama'ilio mākou e pili ana i kahi hō'ailona nui e like me ka manawa o ka hana. 'O ka mīkini hana ma'amau o ke kukui fluorescent kūpono'a'ole i emi iho ma mua o 8,000 mau hola. Ma ka manawa ho'okahi, e emi ana nā māleona he 8 a'oi aku. No ka mālama'ana i kāu kālā pono'ī, pono'oe e koho no kahi koho'oihana.

Most Popular mau laina kukui hāweo kukui, ka mea, i loa kana olelo hoopomaikai no i ka uuku şarkı anawaena a me ka hoemi Hereme maʻiʻo.

Ke kumu o nā kukui mālama ola

He ki'eki'e ke'ano o nā pona, no laila, no ka'ā'ana a me nā kukui kukui kukui ho'okahi - E27.

Hiki i nā kumuhana'ehā'ehā 14 hiki ke kūpono i nā kumu kahi i loa'a'ole ai ka nui o nā kukui, ma lalo o ka mea ma'amau.

Ke Ho'olālā Ho'olālā Mana: Mana

Ho'onui ka mana o nā pu'upu'u mālama ola ma ke kikowaena o 3-90 W. Ke koho'ana i ke kukui no kahi hale, pono pono e ho'omana'o i ka pi'i'ana o nā kukui kukui o kēlā mau kukui he 5 mau manawa i'oi aku ma mua o kēlā me kēia kukui. No ke ki'i'ana i ke kukui no kahi lumi, hiki iā ia me ke kōkua o kahi hana ma'awepuni ma'alahi, pono e māhele i ka mana o ke kukui a 5 a'ike mākou i nā mea e pono ai mākou e kū'ai i nā kukui uila mālama ola. Pehea e koho 'O kēia huahana ma nā'ike'ē a'e, e no'ono'o i lalo.

'O ke metric kau

Ho'olālā'ia nā kukui uila e nā'enehana kūikawā, e hiki ai ke ho'opili hou i nā'ike like'ole. Ho'ohui kēia mau'anu'u i ka mahana ma'amau. Ho'olālā ka mahana pālahalaha ma ka helu helu. 'O ka ki'eki'e o nā'ano wela,'o ka mālamalama i ho'opili'ia e ka kukuna e pili kokoke ana i nā kani anuanu, ae piha ka lumi i kahi kukui'ōuli. Ma ke'ano,'o kahi mahana wela e piha i ka lumi me ka'ula'ula.

Ua helu'ia kēia hō'ike penei:

• Ma lalo o 4000 K - mau nalu ma'amau.
• 4000-6400 K - ke ao.
• 6500 a ma luna - nā aka anuanu, kokoke i ka polū.

Nānā no ka hana'ana i nā kukui mālama ola'ana i'ole e pulu

I ka'ike'ana i nā'ōpili kukui mālama pono, nā pono a me nā kūlana o kēia mau huahana,'a'ole hiki iā'oe ke'alo i ka nīnau o ka ho'omoe'ana i kahi kukui lālā. Hiki'ole i ke kukui - e wela wikiwiki a'e, a no kekahi - pinepine ka ho'ololi'ana i nā kukui i ka hopena maika'i i nā a'alolo a me nā maka o kekahi.

E nānā i ke kumu o ka ho'ololi'ana i ka ikaika e ho'ōla ai i ka pupuhi a me pehea e kū ai i ka pilikia o kēia pilikia.

• Mai ke kuhi palekana o ka nānā, pono ke ho'ohui i nā ho'ololi i ka papa,'a'ole i ka'ole.
• Ke ho'ohana'ia nā kukui uila,'a'ole pono e ho'okomo i nā ho'ololi i kahi hō'ailona'ikepili.
• I'ole ka uila'ana o nā kukui, pono'oe e ho'olohe i nā hi'ohi'ona maika'i loa. Pono lākou e ho'oka'ulua i ka li'ili'i o kekona he 2 maukona, a laila'a'ole e pilau nā'ōpili,'oiai inā ua ho'ololi'ia ka pō i ka ho'omālamalama.
• He mea pono ia e ho'ohei i loko o ke kauwahi no kekahi mau mea ho'onani i kahi kukui māmā ma'amau.

Nā kūkākana no ka hana'ana i nā kukui

'O nā lamui i helu'ia no ka'oihana ma'amau e komo i loko o 1 mg o ka mercury. Ua like kēia me kahi pahu i ka hopena o ka ampoule me ka pa'i lima. Aia nā mimiki e pili ana i 500 mg. 'Oiai'o ka'oko'a i loko o ka lama mercury i loko o ke kukui a me ka thermometer nui loa, me nā kukui, mai poina'ole e pili ana i ka mālama. 'A'ole hiki i ka li'ili'i nui o ka hau ke komo i ka lewa. Eia na'e,'a'ole hiki ke pale i nā'ano kūpono.

Ho'opili'ia ka'ikepili'ike ola

He nui nā mea kū'ai e ho'okipa nei: "Inā hana'ia ka pu'upu'u palekana, pehea ka'u e hana ai?" Inā ua haki, e pono ke hana i kēia mau kumuhana:

• Pono nā malihini a pau e ha'alele i kahi wahi, e hele ana ma kahi o kahi kukui uha.
• Pono pono ka ho'okalakiko i ka lumi.
• Ma waho o nā'ōmole me nā puka makani, pono e ho'opau'ia ka'ōnaehana ho'onāe'a pa'a.
• Inā e uha'i'ia ka pālakila'ikehuhu ike, pono e'ā'ili'ili'ia kona mau'āpana a me kāna mau'okipa me ka pepa mānoanoa a kau'ia i loko o kahi pahu hō'ailona hermetically a me ka'eke cellophane.
• E hō'ili'ili i nā'āpana li'ili'i a me ka lepo me ka leka ai'ole ka leka pa'a.
• 'O kahi kahi i'oki'ia ai, pono e mālama'ia me nā'ūpī māmā. 'O nā mea a pau i ho'ohana'ia no ka'ohi'ana i nā koena e waiho pū'ia ho'i i loko o ka pahu i ho'opa'a'ia.
• Inā ho'opilikia'ia ka pūlaila'ike olahu, mai hō'ili'ili i nā koena o mercury me ka mea holoi holoi.
• Pono e ho'olei'ia nā mea a pau e pili ana i nā'āpana. 'O nā mea like'ole i nā pālua e holoi pono'ia.
• Pono e holoi koke'ia nā kāma'a me nā lole a waiho'ia i ka lewa e ho'ouka'ia.
• Pono nā mea kūpono'ole e ho'oku'i'ia, a pono pono e ho'opau loa.
• Ma hope o ka wehe'ana i nā mea'alapala a pau, e holoi pono i kou mau lima.