Nä känaka 'epekema Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich: Kawaihae

Mea i hoʻokumu i kaʻimi naʻauao astronautics Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich i loko o kēia 'epekema i na makana like i ka makana o Tsiolkovsky, Kibalchicha Zander. Naʻe, ka mea ma nā wahi i hele mai i ona lā wale nō ma hope o ka make, i ka wa a ka hoʻopoina weheʻana o ke nä känaka 'epekema, ua hou "rediscovered" i ka pili hanauna o noiʻi. I ka hana o ke nä känaka 'epekema i ike ole ia aka, no ka mea, o kona enigmatic' oihana.

kamaliʻi

Wā e hiki mai nä känaka 'epekema Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich Ua hānauʻia ma luna o June 21 1897 ma Poltava. I ka inoa ana i hele aku la ia ia i loko o ka moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, mea maoli he pseudonym, a, e, i ka inoa o ka loa okoa kanaka, a me kona mau palapala no ka lōʻihi manawa noiʻi olaʻana. He Ua hanau me Alexander Ivanovich Shargey. Ke keiki i keiki makua nui, a hooku ae la ia kupunakāne. I kona makahiki 13, hele aku la i ka hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ka Poltava gymnasium, hāʻawi lokomaikaʻiʻia nā haumāna uku kahi noonoo ana i ke kumu. Nä ĸÖkuhi Na Ke hoouna Alexander hoihoi i loko o ke ala e hiki aku akau - ke kālaikūlohea, makemakika a me ka kemika.

Mua i loko o kakahiaka kamaliʻi, ke keiki ikea noha no ka hana. He lilo ka hailonaʻana o ka manawa i kaa, kumu wai, wai turbines, EII ni, barometers a me nā curiosities hele mai i ka lima. Ia mea i kahaha ko oukou naau i ma hope o Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich i ka mea kākau o ka mea kupaianaha, a mamua o kona manawa-iao? Theories.

dangling ka hoʻonaʻauao

Kekahi manaʻo e hoʻopio i ka ike paka i Aleksandra Shargeya, ua i ka moe o interplanetary hoʻii. I ka 1930, i loko o ka palapala ana i Tsiolkovsky, ka mea i olelo ia i loko o nā makahiki 16, e hooholo pono i mea technically hiki aku, mai ka Honua ka ili honua i loko o ka lewa. No laila, Shargeya i kona mau manaʻo-Lokomaikaʻi. Ma ka Ewa o ka pau ana o ka Poltava gymnasium ua kanaka opiopio la, ua pau i kona mua nui puke - "ka poe i e heluhelu i kūkulu." Ma ka hei ana o ka puke Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich wā e hiki mai ua kālaiʻia (albeit vague) pāhana wā e hiki mai interplanetary Hotele. Hope i kēia mau manaʻoʻo ia ana i loko o kona 'ē aʻe hana.

A laila, Shargey komo i ka Petrograd Polytechnic Institute. Eia naʻe, i kona study i ole mau loa ana. Koke Ua koho 'Alexander i loko o ke kaua, a ma ka 1917, ua ma luna o ka Haole Front o ka First World War. Hae hoʻi ma hope o ka IkuwaʻOiʻenehana, a me ka hoʻolaha pāʻoihana Bolsheviks mau demobilization.

hou inoa

Loa koke Poltava ua ma ka waenakonu o kivila kaua. Shargey i kekahi luna, a no laila, ka mea, ua kapaʻia i loko o ka poʻe kaua o General Denikin. Alexander komo i loko i ka hookahe koko i makemake, a haalele i ka manawa mua. I kekahi mau makahiki i ke kanaka opiopio e noho ana i loko o kekahi kalaka nui-loio i kulana, ka maʻiʻo o ōlaʻi hana. He ua lalo a eia i hoʻoweliweli 'o ka hopu. I ka 1921, ua hiki, e loaa no ia ia ka palapala holo'āina'ē i loko o ka inoa Yuriya Vasilevicha Kondratyuka hoahanau - haumāna University o Kiev, ka poe i make o ka tuberculosis ee.

Eia naʻe, e noho i loko o kona hānau Ukraine ua nō unsafe. Red a White ke kiola aku la i kekahi kanaka maoli o Poltava. A laila, i ke nä känaka 'epekema Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich holo aku la a hiki i ka Kuban a i kekahi Krylovskiy'eleweka. Ka Ho 'i pili maluhia, oia hope i i kona mau theories o ka holo ma waena o ka Honua ma ka. Like kekahi pakiko-ao mai ai i nä känaka 'epekema, ka mea i loohia mai ka nele o ke kala. Kondratyuk i hele e kūkulu i kona iho rocket, akā, no ka mea, e lawe mai i ko lakou mau moe,ʻaʻole ka mea, ua. A pau i i koe, e hana i ka nuggets mea e hoakaka i kaʻimi naʻauao ka noʻonoʻoʻole ma luna o ka pepa.

Kondratyuk a Tsiolkovsky

Kondratyuk ka poʻe me ka like study alakai Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. No ka mea manawa mua he opiopio nä känaka 'epekema, okupe iho ma luna o kona mau memo ma 1918 ma he kahiko pukana o "Niva". Mai ka mea, ua lilo i mea akaka i ka manaʻo o interplanetary de ua i pulakaumaka no ole wale Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich.

Ke Kawaihae a keia kanaka mea he typical hoʻohālike o ke au - no ka mea, o ka mea kipi a me ke kaua, ia ia no ka nui makahiki, e hoʻopoina e pili ana i ka mau ola. No laila, i ka lako o Tsiolkovsky,ʻo ia hoʻi wale nō i loko o ka makahiki 1925, ka wā aʻu e heluhelu "Bulletin o aeronautics."

"Ka naʻi o interplanetary makahiki"

Surprisingly, ka noiʻi elua, i mai i ka ia hopena a, pela hoʻohana kekahi mau ki ina hana like. Ma keia hihia, he wahi mamua o kona colleague Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich ia. E piʻi like ana o ke kālaikūlohea i ua pili me kona papa kuhikuhi hana - o ka puke "Ka naʻi aupuni o interplanetary a puni." He ka huina hoonui o ka mea kākau puka 'o ia i ka 1926, ka wā i noho ai i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Okatoba. Kēia manawa,ʻo ia ua kālaiʻia i kona pāhana mea,ʻaʻole pono ke kumumanaʻo, a ua hāʻawi iā ia me nā lāliʻi lehulehu, a me na kii.

Ke nä känaka 'epekema ho'āʻo i ka hoolaha i kekahi "naʻi o interplanetary kahua" ma Moscow. Ka puke i loaa i ka maikaʻi ka loiloi 'ia o ke Kumu Vladimir Vetchinkina. He ua aʻo i nāʻano o ka rocket holo, a nolaila, mahalo i ka hana Kondratyuk. Eia naʻe, e hoolaha i kekahi puke ia pilikia. Ma ke kēia mau makahiki Vetchinkin wale kākoʻo he ike ole ka hoʻoponopono-ao mai la.

ma Siberia

I ka 1927, Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich, nona Kawaihae mea he kumu hoohalike o ke Kawaihae ua mau hele hewa ia kanaka, ua neʻe akula ia Novosibirsk. Ma ka mea 'ē aʻe a pau o ka aina, hele aku la ia ma ke kono ana o ka "bakeries" kūloko. Keia oihana He kuleana no ka papaa o ka palaoa ma luna o ka mokuna o kekahi mau wahi. More ma Kuban Kondratiuk invented kekahi mau 'ike loea hou no elevators. Kona hana hoihoi i loko o Novosibirsk. No laila, i ke kanaka nana i ka moe ana o na hoku, i kuleana no ka mōhaiʻai pūnaewele.

Ma ka hou henua nä känaka 'epekema loaa hou hoa a me nā hoa, akā,ʻaʻohe mea nāna o ia i hoʻomaopopo ai i kona kūlana uʻi ohohia mea nō pokole mahuka ana. A nae hoomanao Kondratiuk ka papa palapala hana i kona. No kekahi mau makahikiʻo ia i mālama i kāna kālā, e alakai i ka spartan ke ola, a me ka hope hoouna aku la ia i kākau ai i ke kuʻikahi puka Shop. Ka puke Ua Ua loa lohi. Typesetters mai i maopopo i ka luna '? Iie makemakika nā papakuhikuhi, i hewa a me ka' oiaʻiʻo ma loko hou na mea a pau.

Lehulehu ākea o ka puke

Ma Ianuali 1929, i ka "naʻi aupuni o interplanetary kahua" Ua paʻi he uuku paiia i ka 2000 kope. Ka puke nā 72 'aoʻao a me kekahi mau' aoʻao o kiʻikuhi, a kauōʻia mai. Vladimir Vetchinkin kakau iho la i kekahi foreword ma a kapa aku la ia i ke ao Kondratyuka 'oi kelakela o ka pau laila? Ueony, a paʻiʻia,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o Lūkini, akā, i loko o nā' ōlelo a pau.

He aha fundamentally hou palapala Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich? Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi i loko o ka puke moe i loko o ka mea ana i ae kekahiʻimi naʻauao nīnūnē, pela oaka ae la i kaʻimi naʻauao manawa kūpono e lele i ke kokoke kŘhele. Kondratyuk hoouna aku i kekahi kope o Tsiolkovsky a me ka mahina ma hope loaa i ka pane ma ka a papa kiʻekiʻe colleague hoonani aku la ia i kana hana. Ka hapa nui o ka holo ana o ke nä känaka 'epekema i kona nā hoapili. Kekahi heluhelu i ka puke mai o ka mahalo, akā, ia meaʻaʻole paha ia lakou ke ike i ka palapala. No na mea e ae o ka inventor, a ua noho strangely eccentric.

Hopu a me ka paa

Ma hope iho o ka puke o ka puke Kondratiuk a me elima mau hoa i hopuia a me ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ekolu makahiki hao ma luna o ka 58th "kālai'āina" 'atikala. Ua palapala iho la i ka denunciation o kekahi o kona mau nā hoapili. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ka mua olelo auou caiaiai ia me ka 'oihana ma ka Special Buro №14 - «sharashka", ma na hana o nā hopu ka noiʻi a me ka noiʻi. Aia Kondratyuk loaʻa i ka hou ana - ka mea, lilo iho la ia i ka manao o ka lako a hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka Kuzbass lanahu.

I puni iho la ka hana o ka Crimean makani mahiʻai manao, analogues no i ua ole i loko o ke ao nei. E Hana Hoʻolohe Kondratyuka hui ma kekahi mau nā kānakaʻenehana, a me Nikolay Nikitin, hope kūkulu i ka Ostankino kīwī hale kiaʻi ma Moscow.

Halawai ana me Korolev

I ka makahiki 1933, i ka People ka Commissariat o ke kaumaha, hana hoopii i ka GPU me ka hikiwawe e loaa e noa ai i ke nä känaka 'epekema. Pela i hookuuia oia Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Photos noiʻi i keia la, ua pohihihi keia, aie i ka mea i ka mea, he e noho i loko o ke pio, mua, a laila, ma lalo o hopu. ka makani ka mana pāhana i aponoia, a Kondratiuk a hiki aku la i Moscow.

Ma ke kapikala o ka Siberian nugget halawai au me Sergei Korolev, ka poe i lohe e pili ana i kona mea kupaianahaʻimi naʻauao i ka manaʻo nui. Wā e hiki mai akamai o ka lewa rockets, e kaumaha aku i ka pu poe hoaai e holopono ana i ka hanohano, a me ka hui o ka e like-manao nā hoapili. Eia naʻe Kondratiuk hoole. Kona mau manaʻo, akä, e ole kaʻoi loaʻike, akā, biographers 'aelike ma ka manao i ka wā ana i ka' oihana pili i ka oihana koa, i ke kumuhana, Queen nä känaka 'epekema hiki no hoi e kaha i ka NKVD. Ke hooia i i olelo hoopomaikai mai ai kekahi mea maikai. Inā i loko o nā loko aʻo e pili ana i ka mea oiaio paha, ka 'Kondratyuka a me kona pili i keʻokeʻo iloko o ke Kanawai War, ua hooweliweli hou kānakaʻepekema i? Neeo eaaa? A ua pana mai.

I ka hopena o ka moʻolelo i kākau lima theorist

I ka 1938 i ka All-Union Attestation Komisina o ka USSR Academy hele mai kekahi palapala hoopii i kakauinoaia e kekahi mau koʻikoʻi ma ka noiʻi. Ka mea, noi no kaʻimi naʻauao paha doctoral ka papahelu me e paku ana i ka ia hoʻi, ka mea, ina e pono-hewaʻiʻo i ka hoʻomaopopo pono o ka noiʻi e piʻi like, a hiki i nä känaka 'epekema Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Photoʻike ihola i kona 'enekinia, i ke kumuhana a me nā loulou i ka palapala i na hana a pau he nui ke kumu, e noonoo i ka candidacy. Naʻe, ua hookuu aku la ia i ka palapala noi.

O ka papa, i ka lani kiekie loa pae i i maʻa i ka na na kii me Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Pōkole Kawaihae o ke nä känaka 'epekema hele aku ma kela aoao o kekahi mau? Aieao. I ia makahiki, ka noiʻi, hopohopo ana no kona unpublished hana, i ka Archive o ka moʻolelo i kākau lima Borisu Vorobevu ua waiho waho Tsiolkovsky. Kēia kaiapuni hiki, e malama no ka mamo na palapala waiwai. Manu liilii literally hoʻopakele mai oblivion a me ka lilo ana o ka mea mua, nō kūlana uʻi, moʻolelo i kākau lima o ke nä känaka 'epekema.

make

Once World War II, i lilo ai, mawaena o na mea he nui 'ē aʻe nāʻaʻa i hele mai i ke kikoo papa a me Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Physicist a theorist ua i loko o ka 62nd Infantry Regiment. E like me ka hoʻomalu, lilo kuleana no ka hōʻoia 'kamaʻilio ma waena o nā battalions, a me ka ke keʻena luna. Kondratyuka hope kaua i wahi ma ka po mai ka 25 a hiki i 26 February 1942 ma ka Oka muliwai ma ka Oryol māhele 'āina. Ke nä känaka 'epekema Ua make i loko o ka clash me na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Kona kino Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia ma ke kauhale Krivtsovo.

Iloko o na kēia mau makahiki, mua i ka Soviet, a laila ka mea 'ē ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ihola i ka nui o na hana Kondratyuk. I ka 1957, ma ka halawai o ka Academy o Sciences o ka USSR, hoolaa ai i ka 100th lā hoʻomanaʻo o Tsiolkovsky, heluhelu Sergei Korolev i ka palapala hoike, i auhau i ka pono o Yuri Vasilievich. Pono i kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka hanana i hele ai i loko o ka lewa ka muaʻimi hoʻopunipuni honua ukali.

Direct Kondratyuka manaʻo i mua hoʻokōʻia ka Americans ma ka Helu polokalamu "Apollo" i loko o ka 60-ies. NASA hoʻohana i ke ala no kanalima makahiki ma mua o ka hana i hāpai 'Lūkiniʻepekema. Mea, he akea Soviet lehulehu aʻo e pili ana i Kondratyuk i ka makahiki 1969. A laila, ma ka "Komsomolskaya Pravda" paʻi ka 'atikala, ma a no ka manawa mua a pau ma luna o ka'āina, ka mea i hai mai la ia i nä känaka' epekema i hana i ka 'enehana ma a ka Americans pae ma luna o ka mahina. I ka 1970, he hana Hookolokolo Komisina Kondratyuka hoaponoia mai kakou ma ka hihia i loko o nā mea āna i hoʻohala ai kekahi mau makahiki ma ka "sharashka".