Northern modernist kaila ma ka kuhikuhipuʻuone o St. Petersburg

Ka hoʻomaka o ka iwakalua kenekulia i loko o St. Petersburg ia i ka Hekikai o ka hou kuhikuhipuʻuone kaila, kekahi o na ano hiʻona o i i ka hana i loko o ka manao o ka paia waho nā kiʻi o nā manu, na holoholona, mea kanu a me nā mea e nani ai aie mai ka'ākau nā loina. Ka mea, ua i kaʻiʻo i loko o ke ola o ka papakaukau, a awaawa mea helehelena o ka St. Petersburg ka hale. Ke kaila o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone, i mau ai ka pilialoha mooolelo o Kuekene a me ka Pinilana mau mooolelo, i kapaia o "Hawaiian Art Nouveau". Kona helehelena i ka pilina o ka nui hoʻoikaika 'ana o ko Rusia mau launa me Kuekene a me Finland. Ma ka no o kēia mau'āina, i ka papa kuhikuhiE pulakaumaka ua pilialoha, 'Imi hoʻohana, e hoohuli mai i ka moʻolelo a me ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaʻao.

He 'atikala hoʻolauna iā' iā mākou i ka alohilohi kia hoʻomanaʻo i o ka Hawaiian Art Nouveau ma St. Petersburg kuhikuhipuʻuone.

na hoailona o ke kaila

Ke kumu nui mawaho hoailona o ka'ākau kēia kuhikuhipuʻuone e koho me ka nui akamai me ka hui pu ana o kona ano maoli, aʻimi hoʻopunipuni pau ai i ua mau kumuhana. Here, kēlā ke keʻena nui o kona pōmaikaʻi, mai koke i ka 'ē aʻe.

Ka pa kumu ua pinepine hoʻohana Pinilana māpala. Ma ke kaila o ka'ākau modernist hoʻolako kona huluhulu aaioee, i ke alo o smoothly kalaiia koena ai a me ka oihana mua o ke kiʻi kaula. Ua uhi ia ka pelane o ka pā ma luna o nā luna papahele me ka hoopau ana i ke ahu iho la ka pōhaku lepo a me textured puna.

I waena o nā kumu o nā mea hoʻonani o ka hale ku mai manao lana ma nā kiʻi o ka'ākau nā loina - kona flora a? Aaoa. Noteworthy o ka pinepine pono o ke ano a me ka majolica nā kile.

Ke kinona o ka hale, i loko o ke kaila o ka'ākau kēia, lā nunui, ma ka kuhikuhipuʻuone eia, aole okana mai Nani Loa 'ikamu.

Contrasting pu ana o textures a me ke ano, heʻano o ka puka aniani puka, ko lakou hui pu ana me na? Aeia, a me ka nui aʻe o ka hale mea helehelena, pau ma ka'ākau Art Nouveau ma St. Petersburg i loko o ka piha ano o ka olelo, huli i loko o ka anu luna '' ole, ua like no me ka mea ia manawa nui-unahiʻole, i nā hale o ka Middle Ages a me ka'ākau pohaku Landskap .

Northern modernist kuhikuhipuʻuone o St. Petersburg uaʻaʻole i loaʻa i loko o nui mea, akā, no ka mea, ua ua hoʻopili i kekahi o ka loa maikaʻi loa i nā palapala i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka'āina kūkulu o St. Petersburg o ke kakahiaka nui iwakalua kenekulia. Ke kumu nui hiʻona o ke kuhikuhi, a i mahaloʻia e nā noho o kēia māhele 'āina, ka mea, ua i ka hoʻohana' ana o maoli nā - lāʻau a me ka pōhaku, stylized motifs o ka poʻe kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone o ke kūkulu'ākau, a me ka Middle Ages, i ke aloha pilina me ka panorama hale a paia waho 'ia.

Hawaiian Art Nouveau ma St. Petersburg: History

? Ac? O ke kaila ma St. Petersburg i paʻa ma lalo o ka nui ole o ka Pinilana, Kuekene a me ka Neo-pilialoha kuhikuhipuʻuone.

Artist, ia n oaa ke ala, mai ka akau aina i St. Petersburg, ua Sergei Diaghilev, ka mea i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka exhibition o Scandinavian Artists ma 1897 ma ka School o E noa ka hookokoke mai o Baron Stieglitz. Hope i hapai i Scandinavian motifs ma na nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone hoomaka e kūkulu i loko o St. Petersburg ka home ma ka launaʻole ma mua o ka kaila o ka manawa.

Ua ua ike ia ka alakaʻi mele o ke kaila manaʻo mai i ka palapala kumu ua Friedrich (Fedor) Lidval, kekahi o na elele o ka Kuekene kaiāulu i loko o ka'ākau kulanakauhale alii.

Ma kona papahana ma St. Petersburg i loko o ka wā 1901-1907 GG. Ka mea, Ua kūkulu hale, a ua lilo i kekahi koho ai i ka laha ana ma ka'Aukekulia a me ka Kelemānia Modernism koho.

Mau loea, e hoailona oukou i ka nui ole ma ke kahua o ka noʻeau kaila o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o ia nā huahelu ma ka Kuekene Neo-romanticism like Boberg a me Klasson.

An nui na makana i ka ho okumu ana o ka Hawaiian Art Nouveau i loko o ke kakahiaka ke kahua i hoʻolauna ma ke ano o na hale, papahana ma R. Meltzer, ma Stone Island. Hope ole ma ke kaila o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone o Pinilana, akä, lilo ae la kekahi o ka mea nui. Hiʻona'āina kūkuluʻia i loko o 1907, e like me ka hale Putilova ma o ka Luna Avenue. Petrograd Man (i ka hana o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone I. Pretro), a me ka hale o ka Insurance Company "Rusia" ma ke alanui. Bol. Sea (hana o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone G. Gimpel), i na hoailona o ka pololei mau kūmole o na hana o ka Pinilana nā hoapili - L. Sonck a me E. Saarinen. Kēia, akā naʻe, poe akamai i aku nei au, 'aʻole e downplay individuality a me ka kiʻekiʻe noʻeau Hawaiʻi o kēia mau hana a pau.

Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o kaʻumi makahiki mua o ka iwakalua Hawaiian Art Nouveau ma St. Petersburg ua lilo i ka papa kuhikuhiE kuhikuhipuʻuone papa i o Laielohelohe i ka uku kuala o'ōpiopio nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone. Me keia manawa, hoʻohui i nā kumu nui e piʻi like o N. Vasiliev, he mua follower o Romanticism, i hiki ke Hahai I loko o nā hana o kēia hihiʻo o ke kaila. Ma luna o'Ākia motifs Kīwala'ō'ākau theme like ma ke alo o ka hale A. Bubyr (Str. Stremyannaya), a me ka hei ana hope o ka Hale Pule Isalama, a me kekahi mau 'ē aʻe hale.

Hope Northern modernist Ua ikaika nema aku, pohole pinepine chauvinistic. Like i kekahi koho no ka ai-kapaia modernist chuhonskomu i neoclassicism, a ua hoʻonoho like me ka io o ke aupuni, (imperial) kaila. A mau nō naʻe ka mea, ua pau hou, a hou na hale ma ka'ākau modernist kaila. Nani Loa elemakule haawi ala i ka rationalism.

Small ornamental a me sculptural mea hoʻonani, ho okumu i ka pilialoha kiʻi i ua UAIAaIN e kekahi hui malu pu ana o ka ea mea helehelena o ka nui puke - nā lānai, mākuʻe puka makani, kaupaku silhouettes. Pakahi aku la ia hana hoihoi, e like me ka poe akamai, keʻena hale ma Northern modernist kaila, kūkuluʻia i loko o 1910-1915 GG. (Kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone A. Bubyr).

lunamakaainana

Hawaiian Art Nouveau ma St. Petersburg hooku iho la ia i ka hana o ke alakai nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone.

• Vladimir Apyshkova;
• Alekseya Bubyrya;
• Nikolai Vasilyev;
• Alexander Zelenko;
• Fedora Lidvalya;
• George Makaeva;
• Hippolyte Pretro.

Hale i loko o ke kaila o ka'ākau modernist, St. Petersburg: Top 5 loa kaulana hale

Ka mea, e hele ana oukou ma keiaʻike kamepiula ala hele i kau amateurs kaila kuhikuhipuʻuone. Ua hiki aku i ka hale kaulana loa i kūkulu ai ma St. Petersburg ma ka'ākau Art Nouveau, a ua kama'āina me kā lākou mōʻaukala. Mau hale i ka brightest 'aoʻao i loko o ka Catalog Hawaii.

Bubyr ka hale ma luna o ke alanui. Na kahu, 11

I ke kakahiaka nui iwakalua kenekulia, ke St. Petersburg kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Alekseem Bubyrem Ua kuai ma ke alanui. Na kahu aina a me na hale. Together me ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Nikolai Vasilyev haku hoʻomaka i ka hana o ka hale keʻena, i hoʻoneʻe ai, e noho ilalo me kona ohana, a me ke koena o ke keʻena, a keena e nahae iho la ia. Ka hale loaa koke hiʻona, a lilo ae la kekahi o ka hou Hawaii. Passers-ma e haohao a me ka oluolu i ka na kii, koloka Ua wehi kona mea helehelena. I mea wale hiki ole ke ike ma luna o kona mau pā: ka moa, ka iʻa, fantastic mea kanu, i na mea mai ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua manao, a kaao. A kūikawā wahi i loko o ka mea hoʻonani o ka hale i haawiia mai ai i ke kiʻi o ka la, me he mea manao e ka mālamalama i kaʻaoʻao ka papa kuhikuhi o ka hale, huli i ke kūkulu'ākau:ʻaneʻi mai i kiʻi i ka mahana na kukuna o ka la.

? Ieoaeunoai mau ae la ia no ka mau makahiki. I ka 1907, hoomaka ae la e noho hou hoaaina. Ma ka hope, ono paha o ka papa, i noho ai i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone me kona ohana.

Hiʻona o ka mika i loko o ka 'ole ma Stremyannaya

Ua nani 'ole, mimiki ma ke alanui Stremyannaya, o ka luku ana mamuli o ka'ākau modernist nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone Vasiliev, i ke kumu nui kānaka kūkulu o Nani Loa hana ma luna o ka papa kuhikuhiE mea helehelena, hoʻohuiʻia nā hiʻona, he decommissioned Lūkini Hawaii a me nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i o ke Kaiwaenahonua.

Paa kaikūʻono hoʻolele hauli i ka hoolohe ana, a evokes ahahui me na Dome o na cathedrals o Novgorod, pohaku laau ki, kūkuluʻia ma kaʻaoʻao o ka'īpuka, a kuhikuhi. Ka hale Ua reminiscent o ke alahaka huki alakai i medieval nā pā kaua, a me ka ikehu lā hoʻi ka poʻe uku i ka waiwai auhau i ka poe Europa, a me ka Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone, hiki ke ike i ka hao pa a me ka puna.

Ka hopena o ka hale

Bubyr i ka mea nona o ka hale a hiki i 1919, ma hope o ke kipi, ka mea, he e hele i Ukraine, kahi koke i tragicallyʻoki pōkole i kona ola.

Ano, i koe e ku ana i ka hale, ma kona wahi, a, e like he nui nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i, ua ike i ka hailona. Ka hale ola i loko o ka mānoanoa o ke kipi, ke kaua a me ka? Aeiino?. Ua i ka manawa e ike ia ia, i waena o lākou nā kupa a me kanaka o ka kaʻao: ka mua keʻena o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Ua māheleʻia i loko o ke kaiāulu hale noho, 'aneʻi i noho ai i ke kaulana Eduard Khil. Hope i wehe i ka hale cafe "Elf", a makemake e houluulu lilo nui hiʻona 'elele o ka Leningrad lola honua: Viktor Tsoi a me Boris Grebenshchikov. Ua ua ike ia i loko o ka pā hale o ka hale i i pana i ka manaʻoe kūkulu he "E ka hoahänau".

"Tolstoy ka hale" (hale o ke Kauna waiwai Tolstoy M. P.) ma luna o ke alanui. Rubinstein, 15-17

Ua nui-yoa? Iiai 6 hale me ka kumu i kapaʻia ka "kulanakauhale i loko o ke kūlanakauhale." No konaʻia e loaʻa ekolu mau kahua e pili ana ma ka ala i lilo i ka maoli noho kaiāulu, a me ia mea i na kanaka e noho ana ma ka wahi, pono kaawale mai ke koena o ke kūlanakauhale. I loko o kēia mau iwilei weliweli i ka hailona o ka lewa, aka, e kekahi oko i loko o kekahi o ko lākou kūikawā lewa . Kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone - Fedor Lidval, ka Customer rula o ke Kiure hale - (. 1877-1878 GG) Major-Nui helu Mikhail Tolstoy, he lâlâ 'o Lūkini-Turkish kaua.

Lidval aloha i loko o kona mau hana hoʻohana hehee wale hooeueuia lakou e ka pakebona. Ma ka manao o ko ka hale o Tolstoy kaʻoe ke huli akea nā lānai ma ka hoaka o ka palaoa, Lake, pakebona hoaka. I ka mea hoʻonani o okoa intentional mea keʻakeʻa: he olonā i vase i loko o nā lima o Cupid e kū ana i loko o niches, Ua wehi i ka komo.

Ua hapai ae nei i ka hale me ka malumalu no ka poʻe o nā nohona papa: malaila i hoakaka ia e like me ka hana maʻamau n iaainoaoeii neo, aʻo lua kona kiʻekiʻe lilo a me ka uku Bedroom koho. Plan envisages elevators, holoi a me ka wai.

hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ka mooolelo no ka helu ana o kanaka e noho ana i loko o ia ma kekahi mau manawa o kaulana a, i waena o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i kapa aku ai i ka mea kākau moʻolelo Aleksandra Kuprina, Mikhail Shemyakin, ballerina Irina Kolpakova, mea kākau a me ka kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa Arkady Averchenko, hoʻokahuli aupuni haku mele Vasily Knyazev, a he nui'ē aʻe i kēia hale. Kekahi mau iwilei ka hale o Tolstoy ka ma kekahi mau manawa o ka lā e ike hiki ke hele mai, e kipa a hoi i ka hale, Anna Akhmatova, I. Brodsky, Dovlatov S., A. Rosenbaum, Valery Gergiev, Raikin, A. Freundlich, O. Basilashvili, M. Boyarsky a me L. Luppian. Iwilei a me ka paia waho o ka hale pinepine malama me ka backdrop no ka filming o ka mea hōʻike:ʻaneʻi filming "Na Hawaii o Sherlock Holmes a me Kauka Watson", "Winter kamako iki", "Birth o ka HoʻokahuliʻOiʻenehana" a me ka "Gangster Petersburg".

"Sugarloaf" (hale e like Follenveydera) ma luna o ka Big Street, 13

Kamennoostrovsky alanui kaulana no kona waiwai ana i kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i loko o ka Hawaiian Art Nouveau. He mea oi loa akaka no ka puka i loko o nā waho o ka hale, o kona mea nāna i ka Hawaiian kupa, he kā a wale mai ana o ka imperial Aha E. Follenveyder, Ua kūkuluʻia ka hale i loko o 1905, e like me ka papahana kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Meltzer. Ka hale o ka specimen o ka Hawaiian Art Nouveau, akā, oko a mai ka 'ē aʻe hehee wale o ka Kokika hou. , Kēia ua wehewehe ia e ka mea i ka hale ua i kekahi mana kekahi, waiho iho la i ke kumu i pono iʻikeʻia i loko o ka hoʻokiwikā kuhikuhipuʻuone i ka olelo o ka Hawaiian Art Nouveau.

Ke kaila o ka hale

Stylistic olelo hooholo o ka kūkulu aʻe hoʻi a hiki i ka mooolelo o Scandinavian a me ka Pinilana romanticism. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ka naau kupono, a monumentality puke, nunui me nā hale kiaʻi, hoʻonaniʻia me ka e pio mai halelewa. Noonoo ana ua unuhi i ka puna paia keʻokeʻo contrasting me kaʻulaʻula kaupaku nā kile, a poʻo māpala plinth. Kona mawaho helehelena o ka hale kohu i kahiko hale kākela a me ke kahiko Scandinavian Art Nouveau hale, Ua laha ma ka XX kenekulia.

He hana hoihoi i ka pau anaʻe o ka hale i kūkulu, kona poʻe koke Pani 'ōlelo' "Sugar wale no popo" - loa paha no a hiki i ka malamalama-i nā pōpō stucco a me elongated Dome. Ua ua ike ia ma hope o ka kipi, ma ka hale ua he sanatorium. I keia la, i ka hale kaua Denemaka consulate.

About keʻena o ka hale o I. M. Lidvalya ma Kamennoostrovsky HA., 1/3

Ua uaʻike ia i ka 1898, i ka aina ma Kamennoostrovsky Avenue i kuai ai ma ka makuwahine o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone F. Lidval. Ka hale o ka mea mua kuokoa hana o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone. Newʻano hana o ka mea kākau, iʻike mua i loko o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone o St. Petersburg, ua i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha o ka nui pā hale, he akea-e wehe i ke waho. Keia apana, atypical no ka St. Petersburg keʻena hale, komo i ke keʻena i hoʻolako he nui nui o ka malamalama.

I waena o nā lāliʻi hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o modernity, o ka mea kākau i hoʻohana' ia ke kokua ia cartouche, a ia i hoʻonaniʻia kikowaena i ka puka, a hehi i ka lā o ka pau 'ana o ka hana ma keia aoao o ka hale - "1902". Pono mai o ka lā hōʻike Pine lālā me ka pele, i hiki ke ike kokoke i ka manu ulu peck norovyaschie e noho ana ma ka aoao o kona hare hoi. Kiaʻi hare hoi ike i ka holo mai o ka ulu lāʻau ulu lāʻau o kona nui-puluʻaha hoa. Ma ka hema o ka lā, e hiki ke mahalo i ke kiʻi o ke poo o ka lynx me ākea hamama waha, pili kau ma luna o ka lala pueo me ka hoolaha aku'ēheu.

I waho e loli ai i ka nui loa o ka hana o ua moo kiʻi, nui-iʻa, hihiu hua, toadstools, tulips, a no laila, ma.,ʻo ka nānā aku imua o mau kaikuono puka makani a me nā lānai, window puka, kau ma nā kiʻi o nā kiʻi o nā flora a me? Aaoa. Mau stylistic hiʻona i ke kumu i ua olelo ia o ka hale i loko o nā puke ma luna o ka mōʻaukala o ke kuhikuhipuʻuone. Ma mua o ka "Best fronts" ma St. Petersburg (1907), i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone hana i ua kumu kāki.

Mawaena o na hoaaina nui-inoa i kapa 'ohana Lidval, artist K. Petrov-Vodkin, Mea Keaka Yuri Yuriev.

"House me ka pueo" (keʻena o ka hale o Putilovoy T. N.) ma Grand Avenue PS, 44

Keʻano o kona inoa ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa o ka hale ua koi 'ia i sculptures o ka pueo hoonani ana kona mea helehelena. Ua kukulu ia ka hale i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1906 a hiki i 1907. Kona mea kākau i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Hippolyte Pretro - kekahi o na elele o ka St. Petersburg Northern Moderne. Ka hale i kūkuluʻia no ka kalepa Putilova, a ma ka manawa i ka mea nona mai o kekahi o ka manufactory o ka pōʻeleʻele ma luna o Vasilyevsky Island.

House noteworthy noʻeau kāna hana, puka wai o kekahi mau kinona: shirokime, ololi, pōkole, lōʻihi. Next, ka Mea Nānā Mea nana ole aku i ke alo o ka mua no i koe o ke kaikuono puka makani, a nui loa kāhiko waiwai kiʻi e holo ana mai ka akau flora, ? Aaoa a me ka loina. House me ka pueo o ka hiʻona'āina kaulana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale. I ka wa e kaawale aku o Nani Loa oihana mua o ka hale, hiki ke noʻonoʻoʻike mau monolithic aeie, maloko, a aia no he kahua-luawai. Akā, i ke alo o ka palapala casings, nā lānai, a kupanaha kiʻi hana maikai la mea helehelena oiaio poinaʻole. He ka "Hale me ka pueo" ua manaoia e ia i ka hana kāleka Northern modernist kaila. I ka makahiki 1912, i ka hana o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone ma ka Competition o ka maikai Pretro facades kuhikuhi he mekala kâlâ keʻokeʻo. I ia manawa o ia mea i ka hoʻomaopopo pono o ke poʻokela o nā mea kākau.

Ma ka hou o ka mooolelo

I ka makemake o nā gourmets a me kânaka oʻono, a olakino ai mea ole pela lōʻihi kahiko i loko o ka Apana Petrograd wehe Hawaii "Northern modernist kaila". Name o ke kula reminiscent o ke au, ia ma ke ano kūkaʻi 'ulu o Lūkini lahui paha, ka', e like me kekahi 'ano kūkaʻi flowering o ke akamai, a me ka moʻomeheu hou pāʻoihana papa kōnane.

Ka inoa Hōʻike 'o ka naauao o ka mea nona o ka pono, e hoʻomaha a me ka hoʻoikaika i ke aupuni mooolelo. Ke Hawaii mea e pili ana i ka hale, i nā hale o ka "PetroCongress". Paheona paia waho a me Kalaiaina iacia i ka lokahi me ka originality o kona 'ike no, i ua Kīwala'ō ma kona mau kīʻaha o ka mālama'-hoʻokahuli aupuni meaʻai.