Nui mathematicians o Rusia a me kā lākou mau discoveries

He nui na Lūkiniʻepekema i Ua holomua, Âlapa ike. Pinepine lakou i lilo ai i ka papa kuhikuhiE wahi o ka kiko'ī sciences, e like me makemakika. Ka maikai hoʻomalu ma keia kahua ua i na mea he nui nui discoveries, e hoʻohana 'ia kā lākou mau hana i loko o kekahi aina. He aha ka mea, na mathematicians nui o Rusia E e ike ai i na kanaka a pau?

Paulo Alexandrov

I ka wā e hiki mai nä känaka 'epekema i hānau i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Bogorodsk, i keia la - Noginsk. Naʻauao ma ke kula kiʻekiʻe, kahi hoomaka ae la oia koke e hōʻike i ka penchant no ka makemakika, a i laweia aku ma lalo o ka aoao o ke kumu Aleksandra Eygesa. I kekahi la, i ke kumu i haʻi aku i nā haumāna e pili ana i Lobachevsky, a me ka poe hou Alexander koke hoʻoholo i ka hana anahonua. I ka huli o kaʻike,ʻo ia i komo i ke Kulanui o Moscow. Aiaʻo ia i hoomaka ai e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina "i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomaumau," akā, pomaikai ole ka ho'āʻo 'ana i kekahi manawa kuhi hewa ia. Eia naʻe, no ka pilikia i ole hoʻoholo i nā pono-ikeia ʻepekema o ka makemakika. World nā kiʻina aʻo Alexandrov unuhi ae la i kekahi mau o nā makahiki, akā, laila, hoi aku la ia i kona aloha 'epekema. He waiho i ka paʻa o Hōʻuluʻulu topology - kona akeakamai hana malama me ke kumu no ka 'Oihana nā hualoaʻa a. Eia hou kekahi, he kanakolu makahiki Alexandrov poai puni i ka makemakika Society, paʻi i ka Magazine a me ka mea hou discoveries. Kona piʻi like i ua 'ike' ia e nā'āina, a me ka - Paulo i koho ka honorary lala o Gottingen, ka American, a me ka Pelelina Academy o Sciences.

Ivan Vinogradov

O ka loa kaulana mathematicians Rusia aʻole i mau paka i ka waiʻona ma loko o ka 'epekema honua - kekahi iaia mai lohi. Muli o kona kulana okoa ka mea i hiki mai ai me Ivanom Matveevichem Vinogradovym. He ua hiki ke ho'āʻo Goldbach pilikia, a ma kekahi wahi, e lilo i kaulana. E like me ka theorem, e hoʻomaka ana ma luna o kekahi o kekahi waiwai, kekahi ōlaʻi helu o ka huina o ekolu primes. Eia hou, i ka hoʻomaulia Vinogradov ke maopopo i ka mea, he pāʻoihana no ke ahiahi. Mau huahelu ho i ka huina o eha poe noonoo ole. Interestingly, i kēia nīnau iʻaʻole i ho'ālaʻia Goldbach. Vinogradov kekahi nona ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneri a me ka iwakāluaʻepekema palapala. Ka mea, i aku la ia ia i ka hoku, a lawe mai la ia ia i ka lono, a hiki kaena, ole a pau o na mathematicians nui. I ka moolelo o ka makemakika i hoopaa mai ai i ka hoomanao ana o ka ia, me he poʻokela nä känaka 'epekema a me ka honorary lâlâ o ka' epekema nā kaiapili a me ahahui 'imi naʻauao nā hualoaʻa a.

Mstislav Keldysh

He nui no na mathematicians nui o Rusia hōʻike lākou, heʻe piʻoloke ihola nā mea hiki i kekahi kakahiaka nui elemakule. A me Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh - ia i loaa i ka inoa o ka academician mea ua 35 makahiki. Ia e piʻi like ia e manaoia - ke nä känaka 'epekema makamake nui i hiki ole nona iho no ka hana a me ka maoli tālena. Ma ka makahiki o ka 16, oia puka 'o ia mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe, a hoʻoholo i kākau inoa ma ke kālaikūlohea a me Balanced'āuna kumu o Moscow State University. Ma hope o aʻo, hele ku e mokulele, a i ka eha makahiki lawe mai i ka helu o ka nui iao? Ho okolohua, a loaa he degere. No ka piʻi like i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ka mokulele Keldysh hoʻolimalima i kekahi mau moku'āina Ka hoʻolilo 'ia. He ua hiki ke ho omaulia pehea kamakawiwo ole hoʻopau i loko o nā'ēheu, a me nā huila me ka extensibility, takeoff a me ka pae. Ma ke kumu o kona ho i hoʻokūpaʻa speedboat. Eia hou, i ka Keldysh i nui loina ma computational makemakika.

Sofia Kovalevskaya

Ka papa, i mea na mathematicians nui Lūkini wahine makemake e komo pu, hiki ole e piha me ka inoa. Sofia Kovalevskaya - nā kānakaʻepekema loa kaulana o ka aina. Mai noho 'ana kamaliʻi, ia ia e like me nā keiki, hoopakela aku hoʻokipa i nā mea a pau noʻonoʻo. Ua hoʻoholo ihola e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina makemakika, e hana ia, e maopopo a me nā mea pohihihi o ke ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Wall ke keiki a Sophia lumi i pepa keu me ka lahilahi puke Ostrogradskii, oia no ka mea mua kaikamahine maʻa i ka honua o ka 'epekema. Alaila, ua hoomaka ae la e noiʻi i ka buke o ke Kumu Tyrtova ana a, e aʻo i nā kumu o ke ana o ke kālaikūlohea a me ka trigonometry. Pela i hoomaka ae la kona alanui ma ka 'epekema, akā, ma ka hale, e loaa hoʻonaʻauao no ka wahine he kūpono he mea hiki ole, a hele aku la i waho i Pelelina. ʻepekema hana o Sophia i lawe mai ai i kona Ph.D., iho la i ka helu o ka poʻokela discoveries, a lilo iho la kaulana a pau ma luna o ka honua.

Alana Kolmogorov

Gallery o na mathematicians nui hiki ole e piha me keia nä känaka 'epekema. He lilo ka mua 'elele o cybernetics,ʻo ia i hana i ka honua-kaulana hana, ana' epekema Ka Ikepili o ka palapala, ai 'hana. Hana i ka makemakika,ʻo ia ka hoʻomaka 'ana ma ke kulanui, ma ka hou, ua kākau ka mea, ma keʻano o nā hana ma akeakamai a me ke kūpili. Kolmogorov ka makana i cybernetics Ua kaha maha ma ole wale hale akā, i ka lono, - ia i hoʻokomo i ka Polish a me Lomānia Halau o Sciences, a i kaulana i ka degere o Kauka ma ke Kulanui o Paris. Ka mea, hoʻomohala i nā kumu o ka pahiki kumumanaʻo a me ka makemakika 'ikepili helu , neʻe i wale i ka manaʻo kanaka mua ike, akā, i kokua nui nā haumāna Kolmogorov loaʻa nui i ka pomaikai i loko o kā lākou mau' oihana.

Alexey Krylov

Ke keiki nui i loko o ka 'ohana' anoʻilihune - o kana punahele liʻiliʻi ua he koʻi lipi. Little Alyoshaʻo Kauikeaouli iā ia iho ma ka hana ho'āla kūkala o ka laau. Hoahanau pinepine manaʻo o ia i ke keiki kiʻi i ka powa, akā, pau huli maiʻano okoa. He hoʻoholo ihola e lilo i lunaʻenehana, a me ka hana i ka makemakika i pono ai. Eheu hoʻomaka 'pakiko-hana, a me 15 makahiki E ke Kumu i ka nui dala o ka ike. I loko nō o kona mau haʻawina ia i pa a ke ku Kumu, a ku mai iwaena o ka hoa haumāna. Ma ka hana o Krylov au i hele i Leeuwerikplein hooponopono, kahi āna i kākau i ka 'epekema pepa ma luna o ka panana, a laila, hoʻoholo i ka noiʻi i shipbuilding. ʻepekema nui He nui a me ka mathematicians ua Lūkini theorists, a wale he mau ku mai ololi mea hiki specialization. 'ēheu - kekahi o ia mau mea. I ka moku i nā mea o kona ike i ke kī. Kana mau hana, hoʻohuiʻia ka makemakika pähola 'ana me ka' enekinia, hana, i ke kumu manawa. Eia hou kekahi, a noho'ōleloʻole i ka helu o ka holomua noiʻi. Kona nui na hana ma ka 'ole o ka moku ia i loko o ka shipbuilding hana a hiki i kēia lā, aʻaʻole wale nō i loko o Rusia akā, i loko o nā'āina a puni ka honua.

Yuri Linnik

He nui no na mathematicians nui o Rusia hana i loko o ke kenekulia nui a me ka hapalua like-iwakalua. Ua pili kekahi i ka Yuri Linnik, ka mea i puka 'o ia mai Leningrad University i ka 1938, a ma ia hope koke paʻi i kekahi pepa ma ke Frobenius theorem. By 1943 ka mea, ua loaʻa iā ia i ka inoa o ke Kumu. Nani loa ka hana i loko o ka helu kumumanaʻo i aku la ia ia i lâlâ o ka Academy o Sciences. A hiki i kona ola ana i hoolaa ai i ka hoʻoponopono luna 'pilikia, ho'āʻo ana e imi i ka mea iaoia no ia. I waena o nā mea a pau,ʻo ia i mai i kekahi mau mea nui na ninau o ka pahiki kumumanaʻo, ka hoʻokumu paʻaʻana i ka Pelekania Hardy a me Littlewood malalo aʻo. He ua kālaiʻia i ka theorem i ka helu maoli hiki mau e na poe like me ka huina o ka Kuhina Nui a me nā maoli, huinahā. Ka inoa Yuriya Linnika ikeiaʻepekema mathematicians nā hualoaʻa a.

Alexander Lyapunov

He nui no na mathematicians nui o Rusia aʻo ma St. Petersburg University. Aleksandr Lyapunov i kekahi o kona puka. No ka 'epekema hana, kākau hou i loko o ka ha o ka makahiki, lanakila' o ia ia i kekahi mekala gula. Lyapunov Ka makamake nui o ka 'Amelika hula. Eia hou, oia ua he kumu loea - haumāna kaulana ia no ka pōkole kamailio ia ke hai aku i ua kanaka'ē,ʻo ka mea maikaʻi i nā haumāna o ka papa, hele loa aku ia i ka laulā o ka polokalamu. Aleksandr Mihaylovich Lyapunov hoʻomohala nui nā mea mahuʻi e pili ana i kumupaʻa a me equilibrium o ka neʻe ÿano nenoai, ua ulu na kanawai e a mākou ke ho oholo i ka kinona o ka kaʻapuni wai luna, a alakaʻi i ke kahua no ka hanalima kaʻina hooponopono, a me keia la i hoʻohana. Eia hoi, kakau iho la Lyapunov mau palapala ma ka pahiki kumumanaʻo, makemakika ke kālaikūlohea, a me nā kī like o ka 'epekema.