Vilfredo Pareto: Kawaihae, i ke kumu o nā manaʻo, nui na hana. Pähola 'o Vilfredo Pareto waiwai

Vilfredo Pareto (makahiki o ke ola - 1848-1923) - he kaulana sociologist a me ka economist. He mea kekahi o na Mamua o ka pähola 'ana o me El, e like me a ke kaiāulu kanaka, i ka pyramidal shape. Ma luna o ka pyramid o ka waiwai, a pili kēia e hoʻoholo i ke ola ana o ke kaiāulu me ka a pau. Akā,ʻaʻole wale nō me ka mea nāna i hana o ke kumumanaʻo ike Vilfredo Pareto. Kona Kawaihae e hoʻolauna iā 'oukou i ke ola, a ma na kumu nui e piʻi like o kēia ka poʻe puni hoʻonaʻauao.

Me Kinohi, kamaliʻi

Wilfredo Ua hānauʻia i loko o ke aliʻi 'ohana, e noho ana i loko o Palika. Kona makua kāne i ka Italia, Makuisa, a hoʻokuewa wale 'ia mai' Ikalia i loko o ka republican a me ka lokomaikai hoi o ka hilinaʻi. Pareto makuahine o Palani aupuni 'ē aku. Wilfredo, he keiki poeko i loko o nā 'ōlelo a pau o ko lākou mau makua nō i manao ai ka hapanui Italian, aole i ma mua o Palani. I ka makahiki 1850, i ka 'ohana i' ae 'ia hoʻi i Italia, a me ia mea i keia aupuni i ua hoʻopili i ka wā e hiki mai ke ola o Vilfredo Pareto (wā kamaliʻi, adolescence, a me ka hapa o ka oo wā).

ho okumu

Pareto Ua loaa ia kūkaʻi 'a me ka aloha kekahi i kekahi panina haumāna hoʻonaʻauao. Kela manawa, i kona mau haʻawina i hoike mai i ka hoihoi a me ka inclination no ka makemakika. Wilfredo laila hoomau i kona mau haʻawina i loko o Turin, ka Polytechnic University, ma hope i loaa ia ia ka kekelê wilikî. Pareto kokua i ka 1869 ia hoʻi ma luna o ka loina o ka equilibrium o ka puaʻa hiwa. i ka manaʻo o ka equilibrium e laila, e kekahi o ka ki i loko o kona waiwai a me ka sociological hana.

Life ma Florence

Florence i ka kekahi wā o ke ola o Vilfredo Pareto. He Ua kono 'aneʻi no ka oihana o ke alahao lunaʻenehana. Ma hope o ka manawa Pareto lilo i ka manakia o ka metallurgical mea kanu ke aupuni 'ma Italy. Ma keia manawa i kona hana ku ei ka Italia aupuni alualu i ka militaristic kulekele. Pareto expresses i ka lokomaikaʻi, a me ka kemokalaka wale.

Events i loko o kona kino ola

I ka 1889, ka Vilfredo mare Russian-hanau kaikamahine Aleksandre Bakuninoy. Eia naʻe, kana wahine haʻalele ia i ka 1901, a hoi aku la i Rusia. A makahiki ma hope,ʻo ia e pili ana i kona ola me Jeanne Régis, i ka i ka papa kuhikuhi hana i kona mau la a pau, i kākau i loko o ka makahiki 1912 ( "hoonoho ma General Sociology"). Ua Ua paʻiʻia ma Florence i ka 1916.

Familiarity me na hana o Italia economists, ka loli ma ka hilinaʻi

Pareto i ka 1891, lilo ae ike lea i na hana o ka elua koʻikoʻi Ikalia economists, L. Walras a me M. Pantaleoni. I ka kumumanaʻo o oicyenoaaiiie equilibrium,? Ac? Ia e ia, ua he ole nui ma luna o ka honua Wilfredo a a laila i hanaʻia i ke kumu o kona iho sociological kahua. Ma ke kakahiaka nui 90s o ka 19th kenekulia e pili ana i ka fracture Pareto hilinaʻi. hoomaka ae la ke nä känaka 'epekema i ka wahi a me ka antidemocratic conservatism. I ka wā mai ka 1892 a hiki i 1894 Pareto hoolaha i ka helu o ko lākou mau mea ma luna o aneiai kumumanaʻo.

E noho nei ma Kuikilana

I ka 1893, he hou wā i loko o ke ola o ka Italia nä känaka 'epekema. I ia manawa, ua neʻe akula ia Kuikilana, i kona wahi i lilo Kumu o ka hoʻokele waiwai pili aupuni, e like me ke poo o ka Oihana ma ka kūloko Kulanui o Lausanne. Pareto Ua UAIAaIN e L. Walras, muli o kona kulana i keia oihana pono-ike economist. Wilfredo hele aku la ma kana hana a me ia o kona kono, e hele mai i Lausanne. I keia manawa, he nui Pareto aʻo 'epekema a ua paʻi i ka helu ana o kana mau hana. Ma Kuikilana, ua i kona "Course o Kalaiaina hoʻokele waiwai" (1896-1897), kākau i loko o Palani. Together ka Pareto e aʻo hoʻokele waiwai pili aupuni i ka makahiki 1897 a me ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka heluhelu i ka Kulanui o Lausanne a me sociology papa. A makahiki ma hope,ʻo ia loaa, alahula mau moku'āina ili mai o kona makua kāne. I ka 1901 Kuai aku la ia i kekahi Kauhale Pareto "Angora", Aia ma Celina, ma na kapakai o Lake Geneva. Ua ua i kona wahi punahele no ka hoʻomaha a me ka hana. Ma Paris puke Pareto "Socialist'ōnaehana" i paʻiʻia ma ka 1902 (kiʻi ma lalo nei).

Ma Milan i ka 1907, ua paʻi "Ka puke haʻawina o Kalaiaina hoʻokele waiwai" Vilfredo Pareto. Major hana mea loaa i ka hailona o notoriety, akā,ʻo kona loa nui ka hana i koe e hiki mai ana.

"Hoonoho ma General Sociology"

Wilfredo i ia e keʻakeʻa i ka 1907, e ao ana hanana aie i ka naau mai. Ma hope o ka manawa,ʻo ia manaʻo maikaʻi ola, oia kau e hana i ka "hoonoho ma General Sociology". Kēia hana Wilfredo kākau ihola 5 makahiki, mai 1907 a hiki i ka makahiki 1912. I ka 1916, ua paʻa i kona puke mua i loko o Italia, a i ka 3 makahiki "hoonoho aku" i paʻiʻia ma Palani. Vilfredo Pareto, mai keia manawa a hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā hana noiʻi wale nō i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ke sociology. Ma ke Kulanui o Lausanne i ka 1918, ua hookahakaha kona 70th lā hoʻomanaʻo.

Ka hope makahiki o kona ola

Italian sociologist ma ke kakahiaka nui 1920s paʻi kekahi mau hana hoihoi a me ka hana nui. I ka 1921, "kemokalaka hou '" i paʻiʻia ma Milan ma i i kau mai ma ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo hana i nā mea a pau i ka walaʻauʻana i ka manaʻo nui o kēia nä känaka' epekema. Sociologist i loko o kekahi mau o kana mau palapala kōkua aloha i Italian fascism, i kona kaheaia ideological kākoʻo. Ka mea, ua i keia manawa, i ka 1922, Mussolini (kiʻi ma luna) hele mai i ka mana i loko o Italia. Ke aupuni hou i loaʻa 'Pareto, he nui o kona mau lala, a me ka Duce ia iho, noʻonoʻo haumana o Wilfredo lakou ia lakou iho. Pareto i ka 1923, ua lilo i kenekoa no ka Italia aupuni. A laila, makeʻo ia i loko o Celina, a ua kanuʻiaʻo ia maʻaneʻi.

Kumu no ka sociology

E like me ka olelo ma luna, Pareto kokoke ka hopena huli i ka sociology, mua i ka luawai-ike akamai i loko o ke kula o ka hoʻokele waiwai 'pili kalai aupuni. Me ka mea i ke kumu? Paha, i Wilfredo oki, e panai ai i ka manaʻo o "oicyenoaaiiie kanaka", i ua he rationalist, a ma a i nä känaka 'epekema hana no ka lōʻihi manawa këia i ka monopoly market, e like me ka puunaue ana o makahiki ma ke kaiāulu a me kekahi'ē aʻe? Aneiai pilikia. ʻO i kukulu ai ma ka hopena o 19th - i kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia hana akaka pono o ka mea kākau i ka hou kumu hoʻohālike o ke kanaka. Ma piha, ua hoihoi i ua hoʻokō ma ka "hoonoho ma General Sociology" - ka bulk (ma kahi o 2000 'aoʻao o ka kikokikona).

Hoole ana o ka rationalist kükohu

Pareto mea,ʻaʻole ma ka wale nō e haʻalele i ka maʻamau ma ka manawa o ka rationalist kükohu o ka ke kanaka, a hiki nae ka mea, ua ai no na makahiki kona kākoʻo. E like me ia i kēia ÷, ke kanaka mua noʻonoʻo 'ana i ia hana, e ku i ka pahu hopu huli ia, a laila, e hana ana i hana e alakai ana i kā lākou e piʻi like. E like me ia Pareto manaʻo, a pau ka nae ke ku pono ana. Mua, he kanaka hanaʻia ma lalo o ka aoao o ka pono a me ka manaʻo o kekahi mau hana, a me ka wale laila wehewehe ia, hooikaika no ka ho'ōia a me plausibility o ke ano. Ma keia, pololei olelo ana, e hoʻokumu i kekahi o na kumu nui manaÿo Wilfredo - i ka kumumanaʻo o ka ole-Logical hana.

Naʻe, ka mea nä känaka 'epekema' aʻole e hele i ka irrational ano o ke kanaka hana. Ma ke kue, oia UOAN e hooikaika rationalism, huli ia i loko o ka "ultraratsionalizm" ka wā i ke kamailio nei kikowaena,ʻaʻole wale nō ke kūpili akā, i ke kilo hoʻokolohua, a, e kiola aku la i ka illusions i kanaka hana, e hoopunipuni ana ia lakou iho me na mea e ae, imi e hūnā i ka manaʻo, akä, maoli o kā lākou mau hana a me ka hana.

E mākou e noonoo i ka pähola 'ana i na mea he nui i ka inoa o ke nä känaka' epekema like Vilfredo Pareto.

I ka kumumanaʻo o ka me El

Pareto o ka mea nāna i hana o ka pähola 'ana o me El. Kana i olelo mai o ko lākou mau loli. Mōʻaukala o ItalianʻImi Loa ka inoa ilina waiwai, aeia no hapa, e kaua ana no ka mana e hele mai ana ia ia, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka mana a me ka UAIAaIN ma kekahi hapa. Wilfredo kaulana ia me El i ka welelau o ke kū'ē. I ka huli, "neelity" e hiki ke hana i kā lākou mau pono mau hope. He nui no ka pinepine mai i ka poʻokela ano o ko lākou mau mākua keiki. Ka nele no ka ikaika holo o na me El, a me ka loli aie i ka mea i ka poe ma ka mana lilo ikehu, i kokua mai ia lanakila i kekahi wahi ma lalo iho o ka lā.

oihana mua

Ke Company paio no ka lawelawe equilibrium, a ua hoʻolako 'ia e ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o nā koa. Pareto kapaia ka ikaika hehee wale. Wilfredo i 4 ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu mua: 'imi naʻauao, nohona, a me ka waiwai kālai'āina.

Manaʻoʻike like ole o na kanaka

Pähola 'o Vilfredo Pareto uku nānā' ia, akä, o kanaka hana, no laila, kūkulu 'ia no ka Italia nä känaka' epekema mea pili i ka hana o kaʻike manaʻo. E ho ohana i ke Ka Ikepili o nā kālai'āina a me ke kaiāulu manaʻoʻike hoʻokokoke mai, Wilfredo wehewehe manaʻoʻike ka like ole o kanaka i keʻano o ka lawelawe kulanui. Heʻike i ka hui mea like, akā, kanaka OAOOUIEeE morally, kāohi a me intellectually. Mākou ke kuhi ana Wilfredo waiwai ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka innate manaʻoʻike waiwai. Ka mea, a hiki kūlana kiʻekiʻe wahi pane lākiō'ōnaehana i hoʻokumuʻia i hōʻike 'kanaka nā mea hiki i loko o keia' ole i ka poepoe o ka ha awina.

I hiki i ka waiwai e paa ana ia mana?

Waiwai Pareto manaʻo ua maheleia i 2 māhele: "nepravyaschuyu" a me ka "rula ana". Hope i loko o ka hooponopono, a me ka mea mua, he mamao loa mai ka hoʻoholo no ka mana. Small papa ma ka mana ua paʻa kekahi no o kona ikaika, a me ka hapa no ka mea, o ke kākoʻo mai o ke kauwa papa. Eia naʻe, e like me ka Vilfredo Pareto nānā, a pähola 'ana me El ma ka au mamuli hoaponoia "nā kumu waiwai i' ae '" ka mea, ua nānā' kuhikuhi ma ka hiki ana o ka poe ma ka mana e hoomaopopo 'ē aʻe kā lākou mau pono. Ka pahiki o ka berita, ka mea i manaoio, hilinaʻi nui i ka hiki e manipulate na Emotions a me ka manaʻo o ka ahakanaka. Eia naʻe, kahea aku, 'aʻole e mau loa ana me ke kōkua i ka mālama i ka mana, a nolaila, i ka waiwai pono e makaukau e hana a me ka poe ikaika no lakou.

Elua ano o ka me El

Ma kumumanaʻo, Pareto waiwai ku 2 o kona 'ano "alopeke" a me ka "liona". Inā ka'ōnaehana pili aupuni i ka pilina paʻa, Kīwala'ō ma lalo "liona". He hu wale'ōnaehana pono schemers, innovators, mikiʻala kii, no laila, loaʻa nō "alopeke". Hope o kekahi waiwai e kekahi mea i ka hopena o ka nui, e hoike i kela mea keia mea o kēia mauʻano o ka me El i kona pono. Naʻe, ka mea hooki i ka manawa e halawai pu me ka hooponopono ana e pono ai o na nā paʻi hua. no ia mea, he pono ho'āhu'ōnaehana equilibrium ikaika waiwai hoʻololi ai i ka mea ana mua hou kulana.

Vilfredo Pareto Law

'O kēia kekahi hana hoihoi Kanal Wilfredo. I ole ia, ka mea, ua kapaia ka 20/80 rula, a Pareto rula. He He rula o ka manamana nui, e like me a 20% o ka ho'āʻo pono e haawi mai 80% o ka hopena, a me ka mea i koe, 80% - wale 20%. I aliʻi Vilfredo Pareto hiki ke hoʻohana i ke kumu o okoʻa no ka manawa i loko o ka Ikepili ka hoʻokōʻana kumumea o ka kekahi haʻawina, ao kona manao mea e hoʻoikaika i nā hualoaʻa. E like me ka Pareto hālawa ma ka pono ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka loa nui hana mākou kiʻi i kaʻiʻo hapa o ka heluna hopena. Hou hou i pela ineffective, a i e manaʻo.

Nā huahelu Kuhikuhi 'ia i loko o ke kānāwai, o ka papa, ke ole e loa pololei. He makemake i ka rula o ka manamana nui. Koho i ka helu 80 a me ka 20 - he i ka waiwai auhau i ka pono o ka Wilfredo, ka poe i hoike mai i ka loaa hoi o ka makana o ka hale i loko o Italy. Heʻike i ka 80% o ka makahiki kona ua i kia ma ka 20% o nāʻohana.

O ka holo ana, ke kamailio wale i mau olelo e pili ana i ka makana i ka 'epekema, i hoʻolauna Vilfredo Pareto. Sociology hoomaikai i kana hana, hoomaka ae la e hoʻomōhala 'Imi. I ka noonoo ana o na mea he nui noiʻi Ua hōʻailonaʻia ia mea. Vilfredo Pareto, ke kumu o manaʻo nei nō pili i keia la, ka mea, o kekahi o na sociologists loa kaulana a me economists o 19-20 kenekulia.