'O ka Adrianople honua. Ka Hopena o ka Treaty Treaty of Adrianople

Aina e ma waena o Rusia, a me ka Ottoman aupuni a pau ma ka lōʻihi mōʻaukala, ua loa ai eiiieaena, a me ka pinepine i kane manaopaa, pili aupuniʻokoʻa ma luna o ke kahua kaua. 'O ka manawa ma'amau ka pae o nā paio kaua ma ka ho'okō'ana i nā'aelike. Ho'opuka pinepine kēia mau palapala i ka hopena o nā po'e a pau e noho ana ma nā palena o nā aupuni'elua. Aia ma waena o lākou ka Treaty Adrianople Peace Treaty.

Ke kuhi mua (18th century)

Ua kākau'ia ka maluhia mua o Adrianople ma waena o Rusia a me ka Turkey'Ottina i ka lā 13 o Iune,'o 1713. Wahi a kēia palapala, ua kāpae'ia ka moku'Ottoman i'Azov a me ka'āina e pili ana i ka pu'ukaua ma ka muliwai'o Oreli. Ma keia hihia, i ka hopena o ke kuikahi i ka 1713 i noʻonoʻo i ka kalaiaina holomua o ka Lūkini moku'āina, i kōkua ai i nā ka paio no ka supremacy ma na kapa o ka hema-hikina Baltic. I nā makahiki'ehiku ma hope mai, ma Constantinople, ua ho'opa'a'ia ka "Peace Peace" ma waena o nā'āina, a he haneli mau ma hope mai, ua loa'a nā hanana i hō'ili'ili hou'ia ai nā luna kūpeho ma ke kūlanakauhale'o Adrianople.

Ua pau ka hoʻomaka 'ana me ka mea i loko o October 1827 ke aupuni o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau (Port) paa hou mai la ka Bosphorus no ka mea Lūkini Moku. Ua kū'ē kēia i ka Convention Akkerman International Convention. Turkish Aupuni hoomaikai aku la lakou i ko lakou mau hana ma ka i ana ia ma Rotehama au e kākoʻo i nā Helene e kaua ana no ka kūʻokoʻa. Ua ho'omaopopo'o Sultan Mahmud II i kēia mea e ho'onāukiuki ai i ka hakakā kaua, no laila ua kauoha'ia e ho'oikaika i ka pā kaua ma ka Danube a ho'one'e i ke kalauna i Adrianople (Edirne). Ua komo kēia kūlanakauhale i ka mo'olelo o nā kānaka no nā hanana he nui i mua o nā hanana i hō'ike'ia. 'Oia'i'o, ma ke ala e hiki aku ai i ka kenekulia IV i ka wā i ho'oili'ia ai ke kaua a Adrianople, a'o ka hopena o ka lanakila o ka Mō'ī Roma a ua'ike'ia ka ho'omaka'ana o ka ne'e'ana o ka nui o ka ne'e'ana i ke Komohana.

'O ka Lūkini Lūkini-Turkish (1828-1829)

Nicholas'A'ole hiki ia'u ke kōkua akā e pane aku i nā hana'ino a ka Porte. April 14, 1828 ka Russian aupuni a kauoha aku hai mai la kaua ma luna o Tureke. I ka hala'ana o nā lā he'umi, ua hui pū aku ka 6th Infantry Corps of Fedor Geismar i Moldavia, a ma ka lā 27 o Mei i ho'omaka ai ka hele'ana ma ka'ao'ao o Danube, kahi i noho ai ka mō'ī.

Ma hope mai, ua ho'opilikia'ia nā pū'ali Lūkini a me Varna. Ma ke'ano like, ua alaka'i'ia nā kaua ma Anapa a ma nā moku Asia o Turkey. 'O ia ma ka lā 23 o Iune, 1828, ua lawe'ia'o Kars, a ma hope o ka pōkole pōkole e pili ana i ka ma'i nui, ua hā'ule'o Akhalkalaki, Akhaltsikhe,'Atskhur,'Adda, Poti, a me Bayazet.

'O ka hapa nui loa o nā pū'ali Lūkini i ho'okipa'ia, no ka mea,'o ka hapa nui o ka heluna o nā wahi kahi i hakakā ai,'o ka po'e Helene,'o Bulgarian, Serbs, Armenians, Georgians, Romanians and representatives of other people who professed Christianity. No nā kenekulia, ua mana'o'ia lākou he po'e kualua kūlana hope a me ka manaolana no ka ho'oku'u'ia'ana mai ka amo o'Ottoman.

Ma ka lā 7 o'Aukake i ka makahiki 1829, ua helu'ia ma ka lāko'o o ka heluna Helene a me Bulgarian,'o ka pū'ali Lūkini,'o ia wale nō 25,000 mau kānaka, i hele aku iā Adrianople. 'A'ole nō i mana'o ke ali'i o ka pū'ali i ke'ano o kēia hana a ha'alele i ke kūlanakauhale, a ma hope iho ua hā'ule'o Erzrum. Ma hope koke iho o kēia, ua hō'ea mai kekahi'elele o ka Mō'ī iā Count Dibich me kahi noi e ho'opau i kahi'aelike i kapa'ia'o ka Treaty Adrianople Peace Treaty.

Ka hopena o ke kaua

'Oiai'o ka mana'o e ho'opau i ko Adrmananopol Peace mai Turkey mai, ua ho'ā'o'o Porte me kona ikaika a pau e ho'opane'e i nā kūkākūkā'ana, me ka mana'olana e ho'ohuli iā'Enelani a me'Asuria e kāko'o iā ia. Ua lanakila kēia kulekele, no ka mea,'o Pasha Mustafa, ka mea i'ae i ke komo'ana i ke kaua, ua ho'oholo'o ia e hā'awi i kona pū'ali koa Albanian 40,000 ma ka hā'awi'ana i ke kauoha Turkish. Ua lawe'o ia iā Sophia a ho'oholo e ne'e. Eia na'e,'a'ole i li'ili'i'o Dibich i kona po'o a ha'i aku i nā'elele Turkish e'ōlelo inā inā'a'ole i ho'opau'ia ka maluhia o Adrianople i mua o ka mahina'o Kepakemapa 1, e ho'okō'o ia i ka hihia nui ma Constantinople. Ua hopohopo ka Mō'ī ma ka ho'opuni'ana i ke kapikala a ho'ouna akula'o ia i'elele Pelekane i ka pū'ali Lūkini me kahi noi e ho'omaka i ka ho'omākaukau no ka ho'okomo'ana i kahi'aelike ma ka ho'opau'ana o ka hakakā.

Ka Hopena'ana o ke Adrianople honua

I ka lā 2 o Kepakemapa, 1829 i ka pī e pili ana iā Dibich, ua hō'ea mai'o Mehmed Sadyk-efendi a me ka luna koa kākela o ka Mō'ī Ottoman'o Abdul Kadir-bey. Ua'ae'ia lākou e ka Porte e hō'ailona i ke Ku'ikahi Adrianople. Ma ka inoa o Nicholas I ua hō'oia'ia kēia palapala e nā inoa o Count A. Orlov a he luna ho'omalu no ka halepule Danube'o P. P. Palen.

Ka Ho'ohui o Adrianople (1829): mau puke

Aia nā hua'ōlelo he 16 i kēia palapala. Wahi a lākou:

1. Ua ho'iho'i mai'o Turkey i nā'āina a pau o'Eulopa i ka wā o ke kaua i ka makahiki 1828-1829, koe na'e ka waha o ka Danube me nā mokupuni. 'O Kars, Akhaltsikhe a me Akhalkalaki ho'i i hā'awi.

2. Ua lawe ka moku Lūkini i ka palena hikina a pau o ke Kai'ele'ele, mai ka waha o ke kahawai Kuban a hiki i ke kahawai o St. Nicholas. Ua ha'alele nā hale'o Anapa, Poti, Sujuk-Kale, a me nā kūlanakauhale'o Akhalkalaki a me Akhaltsikhe iā ia.

3. Ua ho'omaopopo ka Ottoman Empire i ka ho'ololi'ana i Rusia o Imeretia, ke aupuni'o Kartli-Kakheti, Guria a Mingrelia, a'o Erivan a me Nakhichevan.

4. Ua'ōlelo'o Turki'a'ole e kāohi i ka māhele ma o Bosporus a me nā Dardanelles i nā moku kalepa a me nā haole kālepa.

5. Ua'ae'ia nā Nationals o ka moku Lūkini e kū'ai i ka'āina o ka Ottoman Empire, akā'a'ole lākou i mālama i nā luna o ka'āina.

6. E uku ana'o Turkey i kahi'āpono (1.5 miliona Dutch chervontsi) i loko o ho'okahi makahiki a me ka hapa.

7. Eia kekahi,'o nā kuikahi nā mea e pono ai no ka'ike'ana a me ka hā'awi'ana i ka ho'oilina i Serbia, a me nā huahana Moldavian a me Valaš.

8. Hō'ole nō ho'i'o Turkey i kekahi ho'ā'o'ana e kāhea i kahi kūkākūkā kūkākūkā ma ka hā'awi'ana i nā kuleana o ke aupuni aupuni Greek.

Ka inoa

'O ka Adrianople honua he mea nui loa ia no ka ulu'ana i ke kalepa'Ole. Eia hou, ua ho'opau'o ia i ka ho'ohui'āina o kekahi'āina o Transcaucasia i ka aupuni Lūkini. 'O kāna mea i loko o ka ho'iho'i hou'ana i ke kū'oko'a o Gelika, he mea waiwai nui ia,'oiai'a'ole na'e i ho'olaha mua'ia kēia kuleana ma nā'ano o ka Treaty Adrianople o 1829.