Ola meaola: kaianoho koholā. ? aneie aʻe, i ko lakou mau ano

Ma lalo o kaianoho koholā maopopo i ka makahiki hoʻohanaʻia e ola meaola e nei. Penei, i ke kumuhana mea i pili i ka ninau o ke ola ana o kekahi mea i hanaia. Aia mau eha ke ano o ka habitats, ma ka hou, he mea likeʻole aʻe i hoohuli mai mawaho keiki, no laila, e pono no hoi e e noonoo.

ka wehewehena

No laila, he aha ka mea i ke ola i hoʻolilo 'ia o nā holoholona? Definitionʻikeʻia i loko o ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia - i loko o ka hana o ka Lūkini physiologist Sechenov. Na mea ola a meaola ua mau interacting me ka puniʻike manaʻo i ka mea i hooholoia, e hea aku i ka kaiapuni. Kona mau manamana i ka pālua ano. Ma ka kekahi lima, a pau i ka nui keʻano o ka hanaʻana o nā meaola me ka mea pili i pololei - no laila nā holoholona kuai i ai, ka mea, e loli ana e aniau a me ka kūlohelohe koho. Eia naʻe, i ko lakou ola i ole emi hopena ma luna o ke kaiapuni, wā ia ma na aoao. Mea kanu malama iho la oia i ke koena o ka o oxygen a me ka malu i ka lepo, nā holoholona e ia oi friable. Ua aneane kekahi loli ma o na la meaola. Kaianoho koholā nele i ka hulina study o ka mea i manao ia i ka naauao o ke kālaimeaola. Ua mea i ike i kekahi mea ke ola i loko o kekahi ana no keia hoi nui. Amphibians i hānau i loko o ka wai, a overwinter a hanai pinepine ma luna o ka'āina. 'ūhini lele me, e noho ana i loko o ka lewa, pinepine i ka nele o ka lepo wai a me ke paʻi.

Symbiosis a me ka parasitism

Surprisingly, holoholona kaianoho koholā hiki e kaupalena 'ia e nā holoholona. No laila, i loko o ke kanaka, he mea me ka dukima ka poeikohoia o ka microflora, a me kekahi manawa, e like me i lalo a poepoe ilo. Ka hoʻohana o kekahiʻahahui i kekahi i loko o ka papa o ka loa e like me ka hiki ai i ua makana iloko o ka papa holoʻokoʻa o evolution. Ua hakuʻole kokoke kekahi holoholona laha 'ma i laila,ʻaʻole paha i na parasites. Mau manamana i ka līoho, amoebae, ciliates. Me ka pili ana i keia kŰia mea nui loa, e aʻo i kaʻike ma waena o parasitism a me ka symbiosis. Ma ka hihia mua o ka holoholona kaianoho koholā ua hoʻohana 'ia e ia a hiki i ka detriment o ke kino i loko o i ka mea, i ke aupuni'. Parasites ola wale n? E kona haku, ka mea, aole i pepehi ia ia. Symbiosis mea i pono no na aoao elua e noho ana, a lawe mai pilikia, a hiki aku wale nō i ka pomaikai.

ka wai

Ka wai a puni, - i ka ohi ana i na moana, moana, hauneneʻe a me Hawaiian wai o ka Honua, i ike i ka hydrosphere, ma ka hou, i kekahi manawa, ka mea i loaʻa i ka Ant- hau, ka lewa wai a me ka poe mea i loaʻa i ka noho ana meaola. Ua lawe hou aku he kanahiku pakeneka o ka ili o ka poepoe honua me ka bulk i loko o ka moana a me ka moana. Wai mea he integral hapa o ka biosphere, kino ole wale o ka wai, akā, i ea a me ka lepo. Kekahi meaola ia mea e pono ai ola. Eia hoʻi, i ka wai ua ike okoa mai kokoke Honua Honua. Eia hou kekahi, pâʻani 'o ia i ke kūlana kī i loko o ka ulu ana o ke ola. Ua accumulates ka waiwai ke aloha a me ka'okanikaʻole i hoʻoili wela, ano ke aniau a me ka ua iloko o ka holoholona a me ka kanu keena. Ia mea ke kumu o ka wai i hoʻolilo 'ia - kekahi o ka mea nui.

ea

Ka hui ana o kinoea ho okumu i ka Honua i ka lewa, he mea nui no a pau meaola e noho ana. Air kaianoho koholā kauoha evolution, mai o oxygen 'ano apau loa ke kiʻekiʻe pūnao, a hoʻoholo i ka' ole o ka ÷ naehana hanu a me ka wai-paakai mail. Weight, haku mele 'ana, humidity - a pau o keia he mea hoʻomaoe nui no ka Honua. Ka oxygen i hana mau ieeeea makahiki aku nei i pele haʻawina, ma hope i kona kaʻana like 'ana ua steadily mahuahua i loko o ka lewa. Hoikehonua, kanaka a puni, i kekahi 21% ko maʻiʻo o keia hehee ai. An nui hapa o ia mea i ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho, a 'aʻole i' ae ultraviolet pāhawewe e hiki i ka Honua i ka ili honua. Ole ia, ola ma luna o ka Honua hiki ke lukuia. Ano, i ka pakele kanaka i hoʻolilo 'ia ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli' - o ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho ua luku ma muli o ia ka hopena maikaʻi? Aneie keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Ua hiki aku i ka nele o ka manao hana a me ka ikaika aku koho ana o ka maikai kanaka ole wale no, aka, no hoi no ka Honua ka hoʻoholo.

lepo

He nui na ola meaola noho ma ka honua. Kaianoho koholā ua hoi hoʻohana mea kanu e lawelawe i ka ai no ka hapa nui o na mea e ola ana o ka Honua. Ua hiki ole ike ai i ko ka lepo lifeless palapala, no laila ka mea, ua kapaʻia bioinert kino. By ka ho'ākāka 'ana, i ka waiwai i ua hoʻokō' ia i loko o ka ha awina o meaola. Ka lepo kaianoho koholā Ua haku o ka paa nui iloko olaila o ke one, ka lepo a me ka silt (particles); he kinowai ke keʻena; kinoea - ka lewa; ola - mau mea e noho ia, a pau ka violaʻumi a microorganisms, invertebrates, koʻohune, fungi, a me nā mea kolo. Ma kēlā me kēia aa, ec eioi o ka aina o ka hale i elima tona o na ano. Lepo kaianoho koholā Ua waena ma waena o ka wai a me ka aina a me ka lewa, a me ka pinepine no ia mea, e noho ana meaola i loko o ka mea i wehewehe aku e kekahi hui malu pu ana o ka hanu type. hiki o Maikam na mea e ma ka kilakila hohonu.

Ke AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o meaola a me ke kaiapuni

Kēlā me kēia mea mea okoa mai ka mea ola 'ano ma ke alo o ka metabolic a me ke kelepona hui. AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ke kaiapuni i wahi noke a me ka pono e aʻo i loko o ka luna 'kaʻina hana ku i ke ka manaʻo pohihihi. Kēlā me kēia meaola hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mea i hanaia a puni. Honua-ea kanaka i hoʻolilo 'ia e loli ai ia ia ke kimu ole, lepo kūpono a me ka wela huahelu. Kekahi o na keʻano o ka hanaʻana pono no ka meaola, kekahi mea indifferent, 'ē aʻe i nā palapala. Kēlā me kēia mea, he kaʻawale ho'ākāka 'ana. No ka laʻana, homeostasis - kūpaʻa o ka na nenoai, i mea okoa ola meaola. Kaianoho koholā ke hoʻololi i ka pono ka hoʻololiʻana - neʻe, ulu, ulu. Pūnao - pūnao pu ma Nine Inch reactions, e like me hanu. Chemosynthesis kahea kukuluia'na kaʻina hana o ke aloha luaipele i huiʻia a me naikokene. Eia hoi, e pono ke kuai hoomanao ana i ka mana o ka ontogeny. He he huihui 'ana o ke kino hoʻololi, a he aha ka mea a pau i ka? Aneie aʻe i ka holoʻokoʻa wā o kona ola.

? aneie aʻe

No ka hoomaopopo maikaʻi o liluwelo keʻano o ka hanaʻana, he mea hoi e pono e nana i ka ho'ākāka 'ana. ? Aneie aʻe i luna '? Aneie rula i aloha ia ka meaola ola. Ka mea, i maheleia e like me ka Mea Maluna o ka luna 'i loko o kekahi mau ano. Ke hakuloli i ke kino, ua kapaia o ka hoʻololiʻana, a me kona helehelena i ka Hōʻike 'ka? Aneie aʻe, o ka inoa o ke ola palapala.

ka mahuaola

'O kēia kekahi o nāʻano a? Aneie aʻe i aloha ia na meaola e noho ana. Kaianoho koholā nā paʻakai, a hehee wale, mai ka hoʻopā ai ka wai a me kaʻai. Biogenic ikaika i ka poe mea i koi 'ia ma ka nui mea no ke kino. No ka laʻana, ka mea, o phosphorus, nui no ke kahua o ka protoplasm, a me ka naikokene, i ke kumu no ka kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma. He ke kumu o ka meaola i make mua a me ka pohaku, a me ka lua - o ka lewapuni ea. Ka nele o ka phosphorus pili i ke ola ana kokoke i huʻi me ka nele o ka wai. Iki emi i ka waiwai o na oihana mua i kalipuna, potasiuma, makanekiuma a me ka luaipele. Ka mua ka pono no ka leho a me nā iwi. Potasiuma hoʻolako ka'emi'ōnaehana a me ka ulu ana o mea kanu. Makanekiuma ka hapa o ka chlorophyll lātoma a me ribosomes, a me ka luaipele - i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ka'amino nāʻakika a me nā wikamina.

Abiotic? Aneie aʻe

Aia nō 'ē keʻano o ka hanaʻana i aloha ia ola meaola. Kaianoho koholā nā kumumea like me ka malamalama, aniau a me ka mea e like, i mea e ho'ākāka 'ana abiotic. Ka mea, ua paʻa mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka hanu a me ka kāʻamaʻai, pūnao, a me naciiiuo Polenekia, nā'ōlelo o na holoholona. Mua o nā mea a pau, malamalama mea nui. Lālau aʻela ia i loko o ka mooolelo o ka lōʻihi, ka nui a me ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ka waiū. E like me ia i ka pau Mea Maluna ua anao? Aou, i ua këia kālaimeaola. kaianoho koholā, piha o ka malamalama, Pono heliophyte - Louka a me ka hehi mauʻu wanawana, ka nāhelehele, mea kanu o ka tundra. Stsiofitam pono malu, ka mea makemake e noho ma lalo o ka canopy o ka nahele - he ulu lāʻau o ka mauu. Koho heliophyte hiki ke hakuloli i kekahi olelo i ka papa nā lāʻau, strawberries, geranium. An like nui ololi o ke ana wela. O na meaola i ka kekahi huahelu, no ka oluolu ola. Ka wai, i ke alo o Nine Inch i loko o ka lepo, a me ka hiki ahi - ka mea, i kekahi pili abiotic poepoe.

biotic aʻe

Honua-ea kaianoho koholā piha i ola meaola. Lākou AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me kēlā me kēia 'ē aʻe - he hookahi ololi e pono ai ka noonoo. e maheleia Elua nui ke ano o ka biotic keʻano o ka hanaʻana e. Ke naoh hiki e Phytogenic. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka kaʻina kŰia mea kanu a me nā microorganisms lakou aloha kekahi i kekahi, a me ka kaiapuni. No ka laʻana, kuʻi nukeliu o ka aa, parasitism i kumu waina laau, legumes a me symbiosis o koʻohune ola ma luna o ka tubers. Ka lua oʻano - zoogenic aʻe. Kēia waiū o nā holoholona. Kēia nā ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka ai, e halii mai i na anoano, wauke pōʻino, luku Mahikō, thinning o ulu lāʻau, i ka hoolilo ana o ka maʻi.

kanaka ha awina

Wai, ea a ano honua kahi kaianoho koholā ua mau pili me ka hana kanaka. People 'Imi hoʻololi i ke ao nei a puni o lakou, me ka hoohuoi ana me ke kahaha nui kona keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Anthropogenic aʻe nō kēlā me kēia waiū, panorama paha biosphere. Ua hiki e ala, ina kuhikuhi ma na mea ola, e like pololei ole iʻiʻo holoholona hihiu a me ka lawaiʻa undermines na helu o kekahi? Ueo. Kekahi koho o kaʻauhau'ēʻaʻe ai ka wā i kekahi kanaka EUIAaIN ke aniau, o ka moku'āina o ka lewa a me ka wai, lepo 'ole ka panorama,. Consciously paha unconsciously, akā, ke kanaka pepehi nui laha 'o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu, penei mahiai' ē aʻe. No laila, he mea he hou 'ia. Aia Ua hoi occasional ka hopena, ka manawa e haawi ana i malihini meaola me ka haawe ana, hune nōkahea wahi lepo wai, makua, hanaia'na, o ka makana o pests. Naʻe, i kekahi mau lilo i mea ole me kekahi kanaka 'uao, nolaila,'Āhewa na kanaka i loko o nā mea a pau? Aneie nīnūnē mea wale kaulikeʻole.

ke kaupalenaʻana kumumea

A pau e hiki ole ka lawe 'ana ma luna o meaola, mai nāʻaoʻao, ua hoikeia mai i ka loli iki ana degere. I kekahi manawa, ka ki he waiwai i kauoha i ka palena haʻahaʻa dala. Alaila, i ke kānāwai, ua ulu palena iki. He paipai i ka mea palupalu loa loulou i loko o ka kaulahao pono o ka meaola ua manaoia e ia i kona hoʻi nâ mea i loko o kekahi mau. Penei, ina o ka lepo i nā kumu a pau, koe wale no ka kekahi, e pono ai no ka ulu ana - i ka wa e ohi ai, e oukou ka poe ilihune. Inā e hui wale nalowale, waiho a pau'ē aʻe i loko o ka hookahi dala - ka mea, e lilo ia i mea maikaʻi. Inā mākou hui a pau o ka poe i koe, me ka hahau mai i ka shortage,ʻaʻohe loli e kānāwai. Ka nalowale hehee ai i loko o keia kulana home 'ole, a e i ke kaupalenaʻana ololi. Eia naʻe, i kekahi e lawe i ka mooolelo o ka i kā mākou hopena. Ua wehewehe i ke kānāwai o ke ahonui, Shelford, holoholo ana aia mea he kekahi huahelu wale nō i loko o a ololi i e pono ai ke kino, ma ka oi me ka mea i palapala. Maikaʻi hana hea i kapaʻia ai ka kaʻoi loa wahi a haiahū kūmau, mai ke kūmau - hoʻoluhi hewa. Kiʻekiʻe a pau, a hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻi au i 'ole i mea hiki ole i ka inoa o ka pilikia nui, i ukali ma ke kino o ka lakou ola. Degere o ke ahonui, i kekahi mau oleloʻokoʻa no na mea ola a ae e classify ia i oi a emi Hardy aʻano likeʻole.