Papa nā mea kolo: examples, ano, hiʻona

Nā mea kolo, a me nā examples ano o ka a mākou e noonoo ai i na - ka nui pae ana o nā mea e noho ma ka Honua. Ua maupaʻa ma kahi o 80% o ka huina helu o nā holoholona laha '. ? ueo More ma mua o kekahi miliona mai ka pūʻulu e like me nā mea kolo. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike ike i ka 'epekema - ole a pau na? Ueo i ola ma ka ano. Paha i ka manawa e e loaa. Ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka puu o ka wāwahie a me extant primitive ano o clarifying ka evolution o keia la ka 29 huahelu, a i maheleia i loko o nā mea kolo. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o kēia ano e e kūkākūkā i loko o kēia 'atikala. Loa fossils e pili ana i ka Lower Carboniferous (345 miliona. Makahiki aku nei). I keia manawa i ka nui weuweu nahele ua noho ma ka eheu nā mea kolo.

ubiquitous holoholona

ʻO i loko o ke kai o ke ola nā mea kolo. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o kēia mau ano, nae, e mau. koe kekahi o ia mau mea ma luna o kaʻili kai, oiai kekahi poe i loaʻa i loko o ka intertidal ciia, a me kekahi? ueony i ola ma luna o ka seabed. Akā, ma kahi komo iloko a pau nā holoholona, ma laila e oiaio no hōʻike a me nā mea kolo - kekahi me ka noa-palapala a me parasites o nā meaola. Nā mea kolo, a papa, - ka Hoʻohaku ano o ke ola, mai ka Arctic a hiki i ka (equator). ola kekahi o ia mau mea ma lalo o ka hau a me ka hau, me ka 'ē aʻe - i loko o ka waonahele, a me na mea e ae - i ka paakai o ic ?? a me ka hoki. insect ao ka loa like. Ma ka hema California, ma laila O i kekahi nalo (Psilopa petrolei), ka mea i ka hāhai loa o kona ola i loko o nā puddles o kaʻaila. Kekahi o na kumu nui no ka pomaikai o ko nā mea kolo - kā lākou hana, e lele.

Ke hana, e lele

Me ke koe o ka helu o primitive ano, loa nā mea kolo e neʻe aku o ka 'elele i loko o ka lewa, hiki ia lakou e makaikai i hou habitats, kona palekana mai Moana, huli i na hoalawehana a me ka ai e' imi loa ke puana ma mua o ka mea mālama i kā lākou flightless invertebrate hoahanau. Kekahi o lakou i hopu i pio i loko o ka lewa. ʻOiai ua pono lele kona pomaikai nā mea kolo, a, me ka lākiō o ke kino ke kaupaona ana i ka eheu āpana mea i theoretically,ʻaʻole lākou e loaʻa i ka lele. I mea, na nāʻiʻo o ko lākou mau'ēheu paka, a kuai lilo aku ikehu i ka weliweli māmā. High alapine (frequency) kahili i compensates deficiency ke eaʻe.

Ana o nā mea kolo a me kā lākou kūlana ma ka evolutionary kupu

Ana nā mea kolo Ua pâʻani 'o ia i mau manamana nui i loko o ka evolution o ko lākou pono. A hiki aku ka mea, ua ponoʻikeʻia ma kahi o 350 miliona makahiki aku nei, i ka olelo o ka ola o reminiscent o kaʻikena. Nā mea kolo E ke Kumu noa hiki i neia wa ? Aneeo niches. Kēia wehewehe i ka kŘpa a uuku ka nui o ko lākou mau (admittedly ike wāwahie dragonflies me ka wingspan no i ka 76 knm), ka mea hiki ke ola, a mahuahua ma ana lakou malaila no ka nui holoholona.

primitive nā mea kolo

Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka mea, ua iho mai o nā mea kolo, mai kūpuna, like millipedes, ma a ka mea, he kūlanaʻano nui ma ke alo o ka wale ekolu hui o lala. Kēlā me kēia mau ua pili i kekahi Hoʻohana o ka umauma (ka mawaena hapa o ke kino). Ka loa primitive o kēia pepa - kēia mau mea wingless nā mea kolo, examples o i loaʻa i ka poe eha hui ma lalo o ka inoa Apterygota. All 'ē aʻe i mau'ēheu, a ua haawi ia ia e like me Pterygota. Springtails a me protura ana, paha mai na mea like i ka diplura, akā, ua Hawaiʻi nā pūʻulu ma kekahiʻaoʻao. No ka springtails wehewehe aku ma kekahi kūikawā ke'ō i loko o ka abdomen, ka mea hana e like me ka wai a me ka e leie aku i kēia mau holoholona, e lele pono. Protura i ole antennae, a me kekahi o ko lākou mau hana i na forelimbs.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE pūʻulu a me ka pūʻulu o ka eheu nā mea kolo

An ka hoʻokahuli i loko o ka evolution i ke kūpono 'ana o ke kahua o insect eheu, a hiki i ka lele. Mau huahelu - mayflies a me dragonflies, kona 'elele hiki ole kau mau'ēheu ma luna o kona kua i koena, e hui ma Palaeoptera pae (drevnekrylyh). Nā mea kolo me keia hana, e lilo Neoptera pae (novokrylyh). ʻEhiku eiiaiaeu i noʻonoʻo i ka loa primitive o Neoptera. Ka mea, i wehewehe aku ma kekahi 'ano mea mouthparts. Eia hou kekahi, ia meaʻano nui herbivorous nā mea kolo. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike: nā earwigs (kiʻi ma luna), manawa, cockroaches, a me Mantis listen'ōlelo poe stoneflies - kīloi paʻewa lala me ka nui archaic hiʻona .. Poe klopopodobnyh nā mea kolo hōʻike he gradual hana o na mouthparts. He mea primitive a unspecialized ma ka psocoptera (kiʻi ma lalo nei) a me ka hooulu ana o ka hou-keikihipa omo kuʻia i.

Other kauoha o nā mea kolo (Neuropteroidea) loaa he nui ia Morohiha maluna o ko lakou oi primitive hoahanau ma ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ulu ana kalapona.

Nā mea kolo a me kāpili a me ka piha huli ana

Nui, a pau ano o Palaeoptera Neoptera, a māheleʻia aʻela i loko o nā pūʻulu, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka ulu ana kalapona. Nā mea kolo a me kāpili metamorphosis (examples o i mea Hemimetabola a me Apterygota) wehewehe aku ma ka mea e hua hoʻomoe'ōpio (nymphs) ka nani a nā mākua. Hope, ma hope o hele ana ma o ka moʻo o molts, nymphs lilo oo hoʻonoho papa iā makua. Ma nā mea kolo me ka piha metamorphosis (Holometabola) hoʻomoe mai ia i hua manu larva 'aʻole e nana me he kanaka makua.

Kēia kahua (enuhe a ilo-e like larvae) IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ai loa okoa ai. Larvae huli i loko o pupa, a e noho i loko o ka ilina kahua iloko o na malama he nui, a laila, ma metamorphosis ('aʻaʻa? Aeiino?) Ia iho i loko o kekahi kanaka makua insect. Oko ao ma ka I Aloha Hawaii ma waena o ka mea, a me ka makua hiki ai ia e 'ai i ka loa okoa kaianoho koholā. By Holometabola eaaaony 84% o ka huina helu o insect? Ueony, a me na mea he nui o lakou i nui? Aneiai manaʻo nui.

Hymenoptera

Hymenoptera - nui poe, i mea no ka honua o nā mea kolo. Ka mea, i wehewehe aku e ka mea i ka walaʻauʻana 'ole o ka manao ka mea, i uuku pahaʻaʻohe loli. Eia naʻe, ua nui okoa mai'ē aʻe i kēia mau holoholona nā mea kolo me ka piha metamorphosis. He He 'ano kaʻawale pūʻulu, akā, ma ke' ano o ka larval? Acaeoey a me ka metamorphosis, ua hoʻokokoke mai i ka moohueloawa nana.

Ka hoʻololiʻana i ke kaiapuni

No ka Coleoptera - ka mea nui loa i loko o ka mokuna o ka holoholona Aupuni - ua wehewehe aku ma ka hooulu ana o ka paʻakikī elytra, e uhi ana i ka hope o ka paʻa o membranous mau'ēheu, a malama i ka holo. Ka ikaika o ka mea mawaho iwi a me ka adaptive uea 'walaʻauʻana kino papahana hoao alakaʻi aʻe i loko o ka ulu ana o mākua kanaka o kekahi mau habitats. Ka i koe, endopterygota Hoʻohui 'a puni kekahi manawa, nui poe moohueloawa nana.

Butterflies i ike ia e ka scaly eheu a me ka hana kūikawā mouthparts hakuloli no ka hanai ana iʻapapane. Ke evolution o keia pae a me kekahi mau hoa o ka mea Diptera ua i kokoke e pili ana me ka evolution o flowering mea kanu.

Trichoptera ai manamana aku mai Letra Kolohe Kai ka laweʻana iā huluhulu mau'ēheu, a kamaiʻilio mouthparts. Ke larvae i wai Aloha Hawaii. Diptera lele Via ka mua paʻa o nā'ēheu, a me ka lua o ka hoohuliia i halters e pāʻani ana i loko o ke kūlana lele equilibrium nā loko. Diptera larvae hōʻike nō ia o nui adaptive specialization ma mua o nā nā mea kolo. He nui nā mākuaʻai i ke koko, a me keia mea ku pono i ko lākou kūlana ma ka EYI o infectious ka maʻi. Close i ka Diptera iʻuku lele, ka mea e mai i mau'ēheu, a me nā kino ua flattened laterally. Ma ka poe o na uku hoi kekahi i kēia pae e pili ana i na ectoparasites o mehana-koko holoholona.

pest pilikia

He nui evolutionarily holomua ano o nā mea kolo Holometabola pinepine i nui poino i kekahi kanaka. Ka mea, e luku aku i kekahi mea kanu a hohola pilikia maʻi. I waena o Hemimetabola mau e like me nā mea kolo. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike (pests) - na uku hoi kekahi a me nā'ūhini. Akā, ka mea, i ka poino nui i kānaka. Wale kekahi? Ueo - wao'ūhini (Schistocerca gregaria) - hiki i pololi no ka oi ma mua o 10% o ka honua heluna. Kēia insect (kiʻi ma lalo nei) multiplies hoʻomaka koke ma hope o ua kaumaha a me ka manawa e he ākea, ai ana a pau na greens ma ke alanui.

Naʻe, ka mea pono e mai la oia i ka hapanui o nā mea kolo eʻaneʻane e noho malie hoi. Eia hoʻi, paani ae la lakou i ko lakou paʻa mau kūlana ma ke ano.

No laila, ua manao makou e like me ka hana hoihoi a me ka nui pae ana o na holoholona, e like nā mea kolo. Ua hōʻike ano he kumu hoʻohālike ka inoa, Mea Maluna a me kā lākou mau 'ano i loko o ka pauku. Hopefully, heluhelu i ka maikai a me ka pono no oe.